ASHRAE Book SmartGridApplicationGuide 2019
$56.88
ASHRAE Smart Grid Application Guide: Integrating Facilities with the Electric Grid
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASHRAE | 2019 | 174 |
Smart Grid Application Guide: Integrating Facilities with the Electric Grid provides building owners, managers, and designers with guidance on the smart grid, applicable smart grid standards and regulations, and design and operation of systems in this emerging industry. Smart Grid Applications Guide details the concrete steps needed to prepare a building—whether new construction or renovation—for integration with the smart grid. This guide includes sections on: Navigating regulatory environments that affect deployment of the smart grid Demand-side management Behind-the-meter distributed energy resources Multiple-facility operation, including microgrids and customer aggregation for demand response Meeting building needs during interruptions to grid services Created as part of 2018-2019 ASHRAE President Sheila J. Hayter’s presidential initiative, the Smart Grid Application Guide puts relevant information about the new energy future at a building professional’s fingertips.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 6 | Contents |
| 12 | Preface |
| 14 | Acknowledgments |
| 16 | Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE |
| 17 | 1.2 WHAT IS NOT COVERED? 1.3 GRID SERVICES DEFINED |
| 20 | Chapter 2: Assessing the Value of Smart Grid Technologies—The Regulatory Environment |
| 21 | 2.1 MANDATED PROGRAMS—The California Example 2.1.1 California Energy Commission Regulations |
| 22 | 2.1.2 The Duck Curve and California Public Utility Commission Regulations |
| 24 | 2.1.3 What are the Implications for Working in this Environment? 2.2 FREE-MARKET PROGRAMS—The Texas ERCOT Example |
| 26 | 2.2.1 What are the Implications for Working in this Environment? 2.3 TRADITIONAL UTILITY PROGRAMS—The Southeastern U.S. Example |
| 27 | 2.3.1 What are the Implications for Working in this Environment? |
| 28 | 2.4 REDESIGNED UTILITY BUSINESS MODEL PROGRAMS— The New York Example |
| 29 | 2.4.1 What are the Implications for Working in this Environment? 2.5 WHOLESALE MARKET PROGRAMS AND STATE/FEDERAL INTERACTION— The PJM Example |
| 30 | 2.5.1 Wholesale Power Markets in the U.S. 2.5.2 Opportunities to Participate in Wholesale Markets |
| 31 | 2.5.3 Legal Challenges Involved with Participating in Wholesale Markets |
| 33 | 2.5.4 What are the Implications for Working in this Environment? 2.6 HIGH SOLAR INTEGRATION MARKET PROGRAMS—The Hawaii Example |
| 34 | 2.6.1 Challenges of Moving to 100% Renewables |
| 35 | 2.6.2 Hawaii’s Response to Its Challenges |
| 36 | 2.6.3 What are the Implications for Working in this Environment? |
| 38 | Chapter 3: Assessing the Value of Smart Grid Technologies—Utility Bill Savings and Revenue Streams |
| 39 | 3.1 DEFINING ELECTRICITY USAGE METRICS |
| 42 | 3.2 Electric Utility Programs 3.2.1 Demand-Side Management (DSM) Programs |
| 43 | 3.2.2 Beneficial Electrification Programs 3.3 Electric Utility Rates |
| 44 | 3.3.1 Billing Units Defined |
| 48 | 3.3.2 Dynamic Pricing |
| 50 | 3.3.3 Rates for Distributed Generation |
| 54 | 3.4 Other Possible Sources of Smart Grid Benefits 3.4.1 Demand Response Aggregators |
| 55 | 3.4.2 Grid Services, Ancillary Services, and Power Quality Management 3.4.3 Fuel Switching 3.4.4 Transactive Energy and Future Opportunities |
| 56 | 3.4.5 Increasing Rental Rate and Value of Property 3.5 Value Stacking 3.6 Finding Information on Smart-Grid-Related Programs in Your Area 3.6.1 Local Utility Programs |
| 57 | 3.6.2 Demand Response Programs by State 3.6.3 Wholesale Market Programs |
| 58 | Chapter 4: Deploying Smart Grid Technologies—Distributed Energy Resources 4.1 DEFINING DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES |
| 59 | 4.2 UTILITY REQUIREMENTS AND CONSTRAINTS 4.2.1 Process 4.2.2 Technical Requirements |
| 61 | 4.2.3 Rates 4.3 DEMAND MANAGEMENT |
| 63 | 4.3.1 Design Considerations |
| 64 | 4.3.2 Operational Considerations |
| 65 | 4.4 BEHIND-THE-METER GENERATION 4.4.1 Photovoltaics |
| 69 | 4.4.2 Gas-Fired Generation |
| 70 | 4.4.3 Combined Heat and Power |
| 71 | 4.4.4 Fuel Cells |
| 73 | 4.5 ENERGY STORAGE 4.5.1 Battery Energy Storage |
| 76 | 4.5.2 Other Electrical Energy Storage 4.6 COOL THERMAL STORAGE |
| 77 | 4.6.1 Design Considerations |
| 78 | 4.6.2 Operational Considerations |
| 79 | 4.7 ADVANCED INVERTERS 4.7.1 Design Considerations |
| 80 | 4.7.2 Operational Considerations |
| 81 | 4.8 ADVANCED BUILDING LOAD CONTROLS 4.8.1 Mechanisms for Demand Management |
| 83 | 4.8.2 Design Considerations |
| 84 | 4.9 ELECTRIC VEHICLES |
| 85 | 4.9.1 Design Considerations |
| 86 | 4.9.2 Operational Considerations 4.10 DER CAPABILITIES COMPARISON |
| 88 | Chapter 5: Deploying Smart Grid Technologies—Strategies to Accrue Smart Grid Benefits 5.1 Electric Rate Selection |
| 89 | 5.2 Demand Management Strategies 5.3 Efficiency and Conservation Interactions |
| 90 | 5.4 Supplying Electricity to the Grid 5.5 Strategic Addition of Increased Energy Usage |
| 91 | 5.6 Solar Generation and Access to Financing 5.7 Providing Ancillary Services |
| 92 | 5.8 Microgrid Strategies |
| 94 | Chapter 6: Deploying Smart Grid Technologies—Maintaining Building Functions During Interruption Events 6.1 Resiliency |
| 95 | 6.1.1 Resiliency and Adverse Events |
| 96 | 6.1.2 Measuring Resiliency 6.1.3 Design Considerations |
| 98 | 6.1.4 Improving Resiliency 6.2 Reliability 6.2.1 Interconnected Microgrids |
| 99 | 6.2.2 Backup Power Generation 6.3 OFF-GRID OPERATIONS 6.4 RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACTIONS OF BUILDING OWNERS 6.4.1 Emergency Response Plan |
| 100 | 6.4.2 Operation and Maintenance 6.4.3 Energy Efficiency |
| 102 | Chapter 7: Deploying Smart Grid Technologies—Constraints on Ability to Deploy Strategies 7.1 POTENTIAL CONSTRAINTS TO CONSIDER |
| 103 | 7.1.1 Information and Communications Factors |
| 105 | 7.1.2 Technology Factors |
| 107 | 7.1.3 Other Factors |
| 109 | 7.2 PROCESS FOR EVALUATING WHETHER CONSTRAINTS WILL AFFECT DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES |
| 112 | Chapter 8: Building Design Considerations 8.1 Building Codes, Standards, and LEED® |
| 113 | 8.1.1 2018 International Green Construction Code® Powered by ANSI/ ASHRAE/ICC/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2017 (IgCC/189.1) |
| 114 | 8.1.2 LEED v4.1 |
| 116 | 8.1.3 ISO 50001:2018—Energy Management System 8.2 Building Automated Demand Response Strategy Models 8.2.1 Centralized Model |
| 117 | 8.2.2 Decentralized Model 8.2.3 Hybrid Model |
| 119 | 8.3 BUILDING-TO-GRID-RELATED COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS 8.3.1 OpenADR |
| 121 | 8.3.2 BACnet |
| 123 | 8.3.3 VOLTTRON |
| 124 | 8.3.4 Other Protocols |
| 125 | 8.3.5 Cybersecurity Issues |
| 126 | 8.4 BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS |
| 127 | 8.4.1 HVAC System |
| 129 | 8.4.2 Lighting System |
| 130 | 8.4.3 Electrical System |
| 131 | 8.4.4 Building Automation System |
| 132 | 8.4.5 Occupant Comfort Considerations 8.4.6 Future Capabilities |
| 134 | Chapter 9: Microgrids 9.1 Definition |
| 135 | 9.1.1 IEEE Definition and Additional Terminology |
| 136 | 9.1.2 Role of the Microgrid Controller |
| 137 | 9.1.3 Differences from Backup Power 9.1.4 Grid Services Advantages (Including DR and Load Management) 9.2 Intentional Islanding and Resilience |
| 138 | 9.3 ADDITIONAL MOTIVATIONS TO ESTABLISH A MICROGRID 9.4 Design considerations 9.4.1 IEEE 1547.4-2011 |
| 139 | 9.4.2 IEEE 2030.9-2019 |
| 140 | 9.4.3 HOMER Microgrid Design Software 9.5 Multi-User Microgrids |
| 142 | Chapter 10: Glossary |
| 150 | Chapter 11: Acronyms |
| 154 | Chapter 12: Bibliography |
| 162 | Chapter 13: References |
