API PUBL 4593-1994

$21.45

Transport and Fate of Non-BTEX Petroleum Chemicals in Soil and Groundwater

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
API	1994	216

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Description

In recent years, the major focus of concern about contamination of groundwater and soils with petroleum products has been releases of gasoline from underground storage tanks. Regulatory monitoring of soil and groundwater contamination has focused on benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), because they are major components of gasolines and other light distillate fuels, tend to migrate readily through porous soils, are slightly soluble in water, and are toxic to plants and animals, including humans. However, crude, refined, and residual petroleum products are extremely complex mixtures. Therefore, the American Petroleum Institute (API) is interested in identifying other organic components in crude and refined petroleum products that can be monitored in addition to BTEX as indicators of the behavior, fate, and potential environmental effects of petroleum products released to the soil/groundwater environment.

The objective of this report is to evaluate the migration, fate, and toxicity of non-BTEX petroleum chemicals released to soils and groundwater. The focus of this evaluation was on non-BTEX hydrocarbons and related hetero-organic compounds. A representative group of 12 components of petroleum products was selected for more intensive evaluation in this review, based on their abundance in petroleum products, toxicity to humans and aquatic organisms, physical/chemical properties that influence their migration through and accumulation in soils and groundwater, and the anticipated future interest of regulatory agencies in the compounds.

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