{"id":78642,"date":"2024-10-17T18:24:04","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T18:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/asce-9780784400067-1997\/"},"modified":"2024-10-24T19:37:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T19:37:38","slug":"asce-9780784400067-1997","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/asce\/asce-9780784400067-1997\/","title":{"rendered":"ASCE 9780784400067 1997"},"content":{"rendered":"
Freitag and McFadden introduce the special principles and practices needed for successful design and construction in cold environments.<\/p>\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
16<\/td>\n | DEDICATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
18<\/td>\n | PREFACE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
20<\/td>\n | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
22<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 1 THE COLD REGIONS AND ENGINEERING 1.0 INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
23<\/td>\n | 1.1 GEOGRAPHIC EXTENT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
25<\/td>\n | 1.2 TEMPERATURE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
26<\/td>\n | 1.2.1 Temperature Ranges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
27<\/td>\n | 1.2.2 Freezing Season 1.2.3 Permafrost Zone <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
30<\/td>\n | 1.3 PRECIPITATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
33<\/td>\n | 1.4 VEGETATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
36<\/td>\n | 1.4.1 Glaciers and Barrens <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
37<\/td>\n | 1.4.2 Tundra <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
39<\/td>\n | 1.4.3 Taiga <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
42<\/td>\n | 1.4.4 Forests and Grasslands 1.5 SOILS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
43<\/td>\n | 1.6 PERMAFROST TERRAIN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
44<\/td>\n | 1.6.1 Patterned Ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
47<\/td>\n | 1.6.2 Hummocks 1.6.3 Palsas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
48<\/td>\n | 1.6.4 Pingos 1.6.5 Solifluction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
49<\/td>\n | 1.6.6 Ground Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
50<\/td>\n | 1.6.7 Thermokarst 1.7 WORKING CONDITIONS 1.7.1 Wind <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
51<\/td>\n | 1.7.2 Hours of Darkness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
52<\/td>\n | 1.8 POPULATION 1.8.1 Density and Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
56<\/td>\n | 1.8.2 Public Health <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
58<\/td>\n | 1.9 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
65<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
68<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 2 PRINCIPLES OF HEAT TRANSFER 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 FIRST PRINCIPLES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
69<\/td>\n | 2.1.1 Thermal Conductivity 2.1.2 Thermal Resistance 2.1.3 Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
72<\/td>\n | 2.2 ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTION 2.2.1 Fourier’s Equation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
74<\/td>\n | 2.2.2 Multiple Layer Problems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
76<\/td>\n | 2.2.3 Temperatures within Multiple Layers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
79<\/td>\n | 2.2.4 Heat Flow through Curved Surfaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
80<\/td>\n | 2.2.5 Spherical Surfaces 2.2.6 Non-Steady State Conduction\u2014Transient Heat Flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
82<\/td>\n | 2.3 HEAT TRANSFER IN TWO DIMENSIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
83<\/td>\n | 2.3.1 Graphical Solutions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
86<\/td>\n | 2.3.2 Correlation between the Flux Plot and Heat Transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
87<\/td>\n | 2.3.3 Shape Factor 2.4 CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
89<\/td>\n | 2.4.1 Newton’s Law of Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
92<\/td>\n | 2.4.2 Dimensionless Number Groups 2.4.3 Reynolds’ Number <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
94<\/td>\n | 2.4.4 Prandtl Number 2.4.5 Nusselt Number <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
98<\/td>\n | 2.5 RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER 2.5.1 Black Body Radiation 2.5.2 Emissivity of Non-Black Surfaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
99<\/td>\n | 2.5.3 View Factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
104<\/td>\n | 2.5.4 Absorptivity, Reflectivity, and Transmissivity 2.5.5 Exchange of Radiation between Black Bodies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
105<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
108<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL MECHANICS PART I: FIRST PRINCIPLES 3.1 NATURE OF SOIL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
116<\/td>\n | 3.2 VOLUME-MASS OR VOLUME-WEIGHT RELATIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
123<\/td>\n | 3.3 SOIL CLASSIFICATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
129<\/td>\n | 3.4 WATER IN SOIL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
133<\/td>\n | 3.5 WATER FLOW IN SOIL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
138<\/td>\n | 3.6 TOTAL, NEUTRAL, AND EFFECTIVE STRESS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
141<\/td>\n | 3.7 CONSOLIDATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
148<\/td>\n | 3.8 SHEAR STRENGTH <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
154<\/td>\n | 3.9 SOIL COMPACTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
159<\/td>\n | PART II: PROPERTIES OF FROZEN SOILS 3.10 ICE IN SOIL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
162<\/td>\n | 3.11 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FROZEN SOIL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
168<\/td>\n | 3.12 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FROZEN SOIL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
179<\/td>\n | 3.13 THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
181<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
184<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 4 FREEZING PHENOMENA 4.1 FIRST PRINCIPLES 4.1.1 Ice Formation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
186<\/td>\n | 4.1.2 Freezing Index <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
187<\/td>\n | 4.2 CALCULATING THE RATE OF ICE GROWTH 4.2.1 Stefan’s Equation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
190<\/td>\n | 4.2.2 Michel’s Equation 4.2.3 Ashton’s Equation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
191<\/td>\n | 4.2.4 Nelson’s Approach <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
192<\/td>\n | 4.3 ICE TYPES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
193<\/td>\n | 4.3.1 Ice Strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
194<\/td>\n | 4.3.2 Compressive Strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
196<\/td>\n | 4.3.3 Bending (Flexural) Strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
197<\/td>\n | 4.3.4 Tensile Strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
198<\/td>\n | 4.4 LOADING AN ICE SHEET <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
200<\/td>\n | 4.4.1 Short Duration Loads on Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
202<\/td>\n | 4.4.2 Stationary Loads on Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
205<\/td>\n | 4.4.3 Moving Loads on Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
206<\/td>\n | 4.5 ICE FORCES ON STRUCTURES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
207<\/td>\n | 4.5.1 Lateral Ice Forces in an Ice Sheet <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
212<\/td>\n | 4.5.2 Vertical Ice Forces on Structures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
215<\/td>\n | 4.5.3 Freezing in Pipes and Closed Containers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
218<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
220<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 5 ROADS AND AIRFIELDS 5.0 INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
221<\/td>\n | 5.1 DESIGN OF PAVEMENT STRUCTURES\u2014FIRST PRINCIPLES 5.1.1 Structural Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
222<\/td>\n | 5.1.2 Structural Design of Pavements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
225<\/td>\n | 5.2 CAUSES OF FAILURE 5.2.1 Frost Heave <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
229<\/td>\n | 5.2.2 Factor Evaluation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
237<\/td>\n | 5.2.3 Thaw of Subgrade Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
239<\/td>\n | 5.2.4 Thermal Strains 5.3 DESIGN STRATEGIES\u2014SEASONAL FROST 5.3.1 Design Concepts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
240<\/td>\n | 5.3.2 Limited Frost Penetration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
243<\/td>\n | 5.3.3 Reduced Subgrade Strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
245<\/td>\n | 5.3.4 AASHTO Guidelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
246<\/td>\n | 5.3.5 The Future\u2014A Mechanistic Design Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
248<\/td>\n | 5.3.6 Special Provisions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
249<\/td>\n | 5.3.7 Drainage 5.4 DESIGN STRATEGIES\u2014PERMAFROST <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
250<\/td>\n | 5.4.1 Thaw Protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
253<\/td>\n | 5.4.2 Insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
254<\/td>\n | 5.4.3 Reduced Subgrade Strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
255<\/td>\n | 5.4.4 Unsurfaced Roads and Airfields <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
257<\/td>\n | 5.4.5 Drainage 5.5 BASE COURSE COMPOSITION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
259<\/td>\n | 5.6 SUBGRADE PREPARATION 5.6.1 Soil Blending <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
260<\/td>\n | 5.6.2 Boulder Removal 5.6.3 Drains and Culverts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
261<\/td>\n | 5.7 ASPHALT SELECTION 5.7.1 Asphalt Properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
262<\/td>\n | 5.7.2 Asphalt Selection Guide <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
264<\/td>\n | 5.8 LONGITUDINAL CRACKING 5.8.1 Cracking Due to Seasonal Frost 5.8.2 Cracking on Permafrost <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
267<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
270<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 6 BUILDING FOUNDATIONS ON PERMAFROST 6.1 FOUNDATION DESIGN\u2014FIRST PRINCIPLES 6.1.1 Types of Foundations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
271<\/td>\n | 6.1.2 Settlement Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
272<\/td>\n | 6.1.3 Bearing Capacity Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
274<\/td>\n | 6.1.4 Pile Load Analysis 6.2 COMPLICATIONS DUE TO LOW TEMPERATURES 6.2.1 Frost Heave <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
275<\/td>\n | 6.2.2 Frost Jacking 6.2.3 Thaw Settlement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
277<\/td>\n | 6.2.4 Thaw Weakening 6.2.5 Long-Term Strength and Creep 6.3 GUIDELINES FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN 6.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
279<\/td>\n | 6.3.2 Seasonal Frost 6.3.3 Permafrost, Ice-Poor 6.3.4 Permafrost, Ice-Rich <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
281<\/td>\n | 6.3.5 Foundation Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
283<\/td>\n | 6.3.6 Foundation Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
284<\/td>\n | 6.3.7 Design Procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
286<\/td>\n | 6.4 ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 6.4.1 Depth of Freeze or Thaw <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
288<\/td>\n | 6.4.2 Simple Frost Depth 6.4.3 Simple Thaw Depth <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
289<\/td>\n | 6.4.4 Thaw Depth beneath Heated Structures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
294<\/td>\n | 6.5 CONSOLIDATION AND SETTLEMENT DUE TO THAW <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
296<\/td>\n | 6.5.1 Sources of Thaw Settlement 6.5.2 Thaw-Consolidation Tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
297<\/td>\n | 6.5.3 Thaw-Consolidation Estimates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
300<\/td>\n | 6.5.4 Rate of Settlement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
301<\/td>\n | 6.6 SETTLEMENT DUE TO CREEP 6.6.1 Basic Principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
302<\/td>\n | 6.6.2 Estimating Applied Stresses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
304<\/td>\n | 6.6.3 Settlement Calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
312<\/td>\n | 6.7 ANALYSIS OF PILE FOUNDATIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
313<\/td>\n | 6.7.1 Freezeback Time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
316<\/td>\n | 6.7.2 Bearing Capacity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
320<\/td>\n | 6.7.3 Load Tests 6.7.4 Creep Settlement 6.7.5 Frost Heave and Uplift <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
322<\/td>\n | 6.7.6 Post-Construction Adjustment REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
324<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 7 BUILDINGS IN COLD REGIONS PART I: FIRST PRINCIPLES 7.0 BUILDING PERFORMANCE 7.1 INSULATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
337<\/td>\n | 7.2 VAPOR BARRIERS (RETARDERS) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
353<\/td>\n | PART II: DESIGNS FOR THE COLD REGIONS 7.3 VENTILATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
363<\/td>\n | 7.4 VESTIBULE ENTRIES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
366<\/td>\n | 7.5 WINDOWS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
389<\/td>\n | 7.6 ROOF DESIGN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
396<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
398<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 8 HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS 8.1 HYDROLOGY\u2014FIRST PRINCIPLES 8.1.1 Role of Hydrology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
399<\/td>\n | 8.1.2 Hydrologic Equation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
400<\/td>\n | 8.1.3 Ground Water 8.1.4 Hydrograph <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
401<\/td>\n | 8.1.5 Flow Routing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
402<\/td>\n | 8.1.6 Synthesis and Mathematical Models 8.2 SNOW HYDROLOGY 8.2.1 Snow Measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
408<\/td>\n | 8.2.2 Snowmelt <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
411<\/td>\n | 8.2.3 Rain on Snow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
412<\/td>\n | 8.2.4 Glacier Runoff <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
413<\/td>\n | 8.3 EFFECT OF FROZEN GROUND 8.3.1 Infiltration and Runoff 8.3.2 Ground Water <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
415<\/td>\n | 8.3.3 Icing, Aufeis, and Naled <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
417<\/td>\n | 8.4 FREEZING OF LAKES AND STREAMS 8.4.1 First Principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
419<\/td>\n | 8.4.2 Lake Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
422<\/td>\n | 8.4.3 River Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
426<\/td>\n | 8.5 STREAM HYDRAULICS 8.5.1 First Principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
428<\/td>\n | 8.5.2 Streams with Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
429<\/td>\n | 8.5.3 Resistance Coefficient under an Ice Cover 8.5.4 Stage-Discharge Relations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
432<\/td>\n | 8.5.5 Sediment Transport <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
433<\/td>\n | 8.6 ICE JAMS 8.6.1 Formation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
435<\/td>\n | 8.6.2 Stage Frequency Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
436<\/td>\n | 8.6.3 Maximum Flood Stage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
437<\/td>\n | 8.6.4 Prevention and Alleviation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
439<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
442<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 9 WATER SUPPLY AND DELIVERY 9.0 INTRODUCTION 9.1 FIRST PRINCIPLES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
444<\/td>\n | 9.1.1 Sources 9.1.2 Surface Water <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
445<\/td>\n | 9.1.3 Ground Water <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
446<\/td>\n | 9.1.4 Artesian Flow and Permafrost <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
448<\/td>\n | 9.2 SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD REGIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
450<\/td>\n | 9.3 WATERSHED ENHANCEMENT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
451<\/td>\n | 9.3.1 Dams and Reservoirs 9.3.2 Snow Fences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
452<\/td>\n | 9.4 DISTRIBUTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
453<\/td>\n | 9.4.1 Central Watering Point <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
454<\/td>\n | 9.4.2 Trucked System 9.4.3 Piped Delivery System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
456<\/td>\n | 9.4.4 Pipe Freezing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
457<\/td>\n | 9.5 UTILIDOR DESIGN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
458<\/td>\n | 9.5.1 Insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
459<\/td>\n | 9.5.2 Heat Loss from Pipelines and Utilidors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
464<\/td>\n | 9.5.3 Two-Dimensional Heat Flow 9.5.4 Utilidor Size <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
465<\/td>\n | 9.5.5 Heat Trace <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
466<\/td>\n | 9.6 WATER TREATMENT 9.6.1 Temperature Effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
468<\/td>\n | 9.6.2 Plant Operations 9.6.3 Chlorination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
469<\/td>\n | 9.6.4 Ozonation 9.6.5 Reverse Osmosis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
471<\/td>\n | 9.6.6 Desalination by Freezing REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
474<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 10 SANITARY SYSTEMS AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT 10.1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT\u2014FIRST PRINCIPLES 10.1.1 Significance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
475<\/td>\n | 10.1.2 Sources and Types 10.1.3 Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
476<\/td>\n | 10.1.4 Collection Systems 10.1.5 Treatment and Disposal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
478<\/td>\n | 10.2 SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD REGIONS 10.2.1 Temperature <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
479<\/td>\n | 10.2.2 Size and Nature of Facility Served <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
480<\/td>\n | 10.2.3 Maintenance and Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
481<\/td>\n | 10.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTEWATER 10.3.1 Quantity 10.3.2 Concentration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
485<\/td>\n | 10.3.3 Flow Variation 10.4 TREATMENT TECHNIQUES 10.4.1 Sedimentation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
486<\/td>\n | 10.4.2 Lagoons <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
490<\/td>\n | 10.4.3 Suspended-Culture Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
493<\/td>\n | 10.4.4 Attached-Growth Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
494<\/td>\n | 10.4.5 Physical\/Chemical Processes 10.4.6 Land Treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
498<\/td>\n | 10.5 DISCHARGE OF TREATED PLANT EFFLUENT 10.5.1 Discharge to Surface Waters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
499<\/td>\n | 10.5.2 Discharge Methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
500<\/td>\n | 10.5.3 Disposal to the Land <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
501<\/td>\n | 10.6 SLUDGE DISPOSAL 10.6.1 Lagoon Sludges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
502<\/td>\n | 10.6.2 Dewatering <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
503<\/td>\n | 10.6.3 Sludge Pits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
504<\/td>\n | 10.6.4 Snow and Ice Pits 10.7 COLLECTION SYSTEMS 10.7.1 Individual Container System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
507<\/td>\n | 10.7.2 Tank Storage and Tanker Haul <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
508<\/td>\n | 10.7.3 Gravity-Flow Pipe System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
511<\/td>\n | 10.7.4 Pressurized Lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
513<\/td>\n | 10.7.5 Vacuum Collection Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
514<\/td>\n | 10.8 ON-SITE WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
516<\/td>\n | 10.8.1 Septic Tanks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
518<\/td>\n | 10.8.2 Aerobic Treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
520<\/td>\n | 10.8.3 Composting REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
524<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 11 CONTROL OF SNOW AND ICE 11.1 FIRST PRINCIPLES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
525<\/td>\n | 11.2 SNOW DRIFTING AND BLOWING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
526<\/td>\n | 11.3 DENSITY AND SNOW PROPERTIES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
527<\/td>\n | 11.4 CONTROL OF BLOWING SNOW <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
534<\/td>\n | 11.5 SNOW FENCE CONSTRUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
535<\/td>\n | 11.6 WINTER ROADS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
536<\/td>\n | 11.7 SNOW ROADS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
539<\/td>\n | 11.8 ICE ROADS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
540<\/td>\n | 11.9 ICE AGGREGATE ROADS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
541<\/td>\n | 11.10 AVALANCHE CONTROL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
544<\/td>\n | 11.11 AUFEIS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
547<\/td>\n | 11.12 CONTROL OF AUFEIS ON ROADS AND NEAR BUILDINGS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
548<\/td>\n | 11.13 CULVERT ICINGS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
550<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
552<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 12 PERFORMANCE OF MATERIALS IN COLD REGIONS 12.1 FIRST PRINCIPLES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
553<\/td>\n | 12.1.1 Crystal Structures of Metals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
555<\/td>\n | 12.1.2 Effects of Low Temperatures on Material Properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
556<\/td>\n | 12.2 METALS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
557<\/td>\n | 12.2.1 Measurement of Brittleness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
560<\/td>\n | 12.2.2 Factors Affecting the CVN Transition Temperature <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
564<\/td>\n | 12.2.3 Effects of Welding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
566<\/td>\n | 12.2.4 Application of Brittle Criteria to Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
569<\/td>\n | 12.2.5 Nonferrous Metals at Low Temperatures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
573<\/td>\n | 12.3 POLYMERS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE SERVICE 12.3.1 Fillers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
574<\/td>\n | 12.3.2 Performance at Low Temperatures 12.3.3 Bearing Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
576<\/td>\n | 12.3.4 Elastomers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
577<\/td>\n | 12.3.5 Electrical Insulation at Low Temperatures 12.3.6 Service Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
578<\/td>\n | 12.4 WOOD AT LOW TEMPERATURES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
579<\/td>\n | 12.5 INSULATION AT LOW TEMPERATURES 12.6 CONCRETE AT LOW TEMPERATURES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
581<\/td>\n | 12.6.1 Planning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
582<\/td>\n | 12.6.2 Additives for Lower Temperatures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
583<\/td>\n | 12.6.3 Regulated Set Concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
585<\/td>\n | 12.6.4 Avoiding Damage with Protective Enclosures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
589<\/td>\n | 12.6.5 Effect of Temperature on Curing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
593<\/td>\n | 12.6.6 Strength and Durability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
595<\/td>\n | 12.6.7 Concrete Research and New Developments 12.7 OTHER COLD REGIONS AND HIGH LATITUDE PROBLEMS 12.7.1 Auroral Activity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
596<\/td>\n | 12.7.2 Electrical Grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
597<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
600<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 13 EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS 13.1 FIRST PRINCIPLES 13.1.1 Cold Regions Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
601<\/td>\n | 13.1.2 Lubricant Temperature and Increased Wear <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
604<\/td>\n | 13.1.3 Cold Induced Breakage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
605<\/td>\n | 13.1.4 Hydraulic Systems 13.2 PROPER CARE OF EQUIPMENT IN THE COLD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
606<\/td>\n | 13.2.1 Winterizing Equipment for Cold-Weather Operation 13.2.2 Engines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
608<\/td>\n | 13.2.3 Transmissions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
609<\/td>\n | 13.2.4 Brake and Hydraulic Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
610<\/td>\n | 13.2.5 Cooling Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
612<\/td>\n | 13.2.6 Batteries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
617<\/td>\n | 13.2.7 Lubrication 13.2.8 Interior Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
618<\/td>\n | 13.2.9 Starting and Warm-Up <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
620<\/td>\n | 13.2.10 Economics of Winterizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
621<\/td>\n | 13.3 EFFECTS OF COLD ON PRODUCTIVITY <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
622<\/td>\n | 13.3.1 Decline of Human Productivity at Low Temperatures 13.3.2 Wind Chill Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
624<\/td>\n | 13.3.3 Procedures to Mitigate the Wind Chill Problem <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
627<\/td>\n | 13.4 WINTER CONSTRUCTION\u2014USING THE COLD TO YOUR ADVANTAGE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
628<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
630<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 14 EARTHWORK IN COLD REGIONS 14.1 FIRST PRINCIPLES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
631<\/td>\n | 14.2 SPECIAL CONDITIONS IN COLD REGIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
633<\/td>\n | 14.3 WHY DO EARTHMOVING IN WINTER? 14.3.1 Permafrost Zones <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
634<\/td>\n | 14.3.2 Seasonal Frost Zones <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
635<\/td>\n | 14.4 CUTTING AND EXCAVATING FROZEN SOIL 14.4.1 Effects of Soil Type <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
636<\/td>\n | 14.4.2 Strength of Frozen Soil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
639<\/td>\n | 14.4.3 Means of Excavation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
641<\/td>\n | 14.5 MECHANICAL METHODS OF EXCAVATION 14.5.1 Mechanics of Cutting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
648<\/td>\n | 14.5.2 Ripping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
650<\/td>\n | 14.5.3 Rotary Cutters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
652<\/td>\n | 14.5.4 Hydraulic Excavators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
653<\/td>\n | 14.6 BLASTING TO LOOSEN FROZEN SOILS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
654<\/td>\n | 14.6.1 First Principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
659<\/td>\n | 14.6.2 Craters in Frozen Soil 14.6.3 Construction Activities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
668<\/td>\n | 14.7 THAWING FROZEN SOILS BEFORE EXCAVATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
669<\/td>\n | 14.8 EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION IN WINTER WITH UNFROZEN SOIL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
670<\/td>\n | 14.8.1 Embankment Dams in the USSR <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
671<\/td>\n | 14.8.2 Highway Embankments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
672<\/td>\n | 14.9 EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION IN WINTER WITH FROZEN SOILS 14.9.1 Preparation and Handling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
674<\/td>\n | 14.9.2 Placement and Compaction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
676<\/td>\n | 14.9.3 Characteristics of Compacted Soil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
679<\/td>\n | 14.9.4 Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
680<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
684<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 15 SITE SELECTION 15.1 FIRST PRINCIPLES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
685<\/td>\n | 15.1.1 Elements of Site Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
686<\/td>\n | 15.1.2 Information Required <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
687<\/td>\n | 15.1.3 Data Sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
688<\/td>\n | 15.2 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE COLD REGIONS 15.2.1 Information Required <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
689<\/td>\n | 15.3 ARCHIVAL DATA 15.3.1 Topographic Maps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
692<\/td>\n | 15.3.2 Geological Maps 15.3.3 Soil Maps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
695<\/td>\n | 15.3.4 Weather Records 15.3.5 Hydrologic Records <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
696<\/td>\n | 15.3.6 Aerial Photograph File <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
697<\/td>\n | 15.4 INFERENTIAL DATA 15.4.1 Terrain Imagery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
701<\/td>\n | 15.4.2 Photographic Records 15.4.3 Airphoto Analysis Techniques <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
703<\/td>\n | 15.4.4 Cold Regions Features <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
713<\/td>\n | 15.4.5 Satellite Imagery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
717<\/td>\n | 15.5 SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION 15.5.1 Exploration Program <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
718<\/td>\n | 15.5.2 Characteristics of Frozen Soils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
720<\/td>\n | 15.5.3 Drilling Equipment 15.5.4 Drill Bits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
724<\/td>\n | 15.5.5 Sampling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
726<\/td>\n | 15.5.6 Temperature Measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
728<\/td>\n | 15.6 GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
729<\/td>\n | 15.6.1 Seismic Surveys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
734<\/td>\n | 15.6.2 Electrical Resistance Surveys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
736<\/td>\n | 15.6.3 Electromagnetic Profiling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
739<\/td>\n | 15.6.4 Radar Profiling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
740<\/td>\n | 15.6.5 Cross-Borehole Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
741<\/td>\n | REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
744<\/td>\n | CONVERSION TABLE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
746<\/td>\n | INDEX A <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
747<\/td>\n | B C <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
748<\/td>\n | D <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
749<\/td>\n | E F <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
750<\/td>\n | G H <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
751<\/td>\n | I K L <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
752<\/td>\n | M N O <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
753<\/td>\n | P <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
754<\/td>\n | Q R S <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
756<\/td>\n | T <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
757<\/td>\n | U V <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
758<\/td>\n | W <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
759<\/td>\n | X Y Z <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Introduction to Cold Regions Engineering<\/b><\/p>\n |