ACI 222R 01:2001 Edition

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222R-01: Protection of Metals in Concrete Against Corrosion (Reapproved 2010)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ACI	2001	41

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Description

This report reflects the state-of-the-art of corrosion of metals, and especially reinforcing steel, in concrete. Separate chapters are devoted to the mechanisms of the corrosion of metals in concrete, protective measures for new concrete construction, procedures for identifying corrosive environments and active corrosion in concrete, and remedial measures. Keywords: admixture; aggregate; blended cement; bridge deck; calcium chloride; carbonation; cathodic protection; cement paste; coating; corrosion; corrosion inhibitor; cracking; deicer; deterioration; durability; parking structures; polymers; portland cements; prestressed concrete; prestressing steels; protective coatings; reinforced concrete; reinforcing steels; repairs; resins; resurfacing; spalling; waterproof coatings; zinc coatings.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	CONTENTS
2	CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION 1.1— Background 1.2— Scope
3	CHAPTER 2— MECHANISM OF CORROSION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE 2.1— Introduction 2.2— Principles of corrosion 2.2.1 The corrosion process 2.2.2 Nature of the passive film
4	2.2.3 The kinetics of corrosion
5	2.2.4 Initiation of active corrosion 2.2.4.1 Corrosion initiation by chlorides 2.2.4.1.a Incorporation of chlorides in concrete duringmixing
6	2.2.4.1.b Diffusion of chlorides from the environmentinto mature concrete 2.2.4.1.c Chloride binding and threshold values
7	2.2.4.2 Initiation of corrosion by carbonation 2.2.4.3 Synergistic effects of carbonation and chlorides 2.2.5 Corrosion rates after initiation 2.3—Reinforcing bar 2.3.1 Uncoated bars
8	2.3.2 Epoxy-coated reinforcing steel 2.3.3 Galvanized steel 2.3.4 Stainless steel 2.4—The concrete environment 2.4.1 Cement and pozzolans
9	2.4.2 Water-cementitious materials ratio 2.4.3 Aggregate 2.4.4 Curing conditions 2.4.5 Corrosion inhibitors CHAPTER 3— PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION IN NEW CONSTRUCTION 3.1—Introduction
10	3.2—Design and construction practices
14	3.3—Methods of excluding external sources of chloride ion from concrete 3.3.1 Waterproof membranes
15	3.3.2 Polymer impregnation 3.3.3 Polymer concrete overlays 3.3.4. Portland cement concrete overlays 3.3.5 Silica fume-modified concrete overlays
16	3.3.6 Latex-modified concrete overlays 3.4—Corrosion control methods 3.4.1 Noncorrosive steels 3.4.2 Coatings
17	3.4.3 Chemical inhibitors
18	3.4.4 Cathodic protection CHAPTER 4— PROCEDURES FOR IDENTIFYING CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS AND ACTIVE CORROSION IN CONCRETE 4.1— Introduction
19	4.2—Condition evaluation of reinforced concrete structures 4.3—Corrosion evaluation methods 4.3.1 Nonprestressed reinforced concrete structures 4.3.1.1 Visual inspection
20	4.3.1.2 Delamination survey 4.3.1.2.a GPR survey
21	4.3.1.2.b IR survey 4.3.1.3 Concrete cover measurements
22	4.3.1.4 Chloride-ion content analysis 4.3.1.4.a Chloride sampling 4.3.1.4.b Chloride analysis: laboratory method 4.3.1.4.c Chloride analysis: field method 4.3.1.5 Depth of carbonation testing 4.3.1.6 Electrical continuity testing
23	4.3.1.6.a Test procedure 4.3.1.7 Concrete moisture and resistivity measurements
24	4.3.1.8 Corrosion-potential mapping 4.3.1.8.a Procedure and instrumentation for corrosionpotential measurement 4.3.1.8.b Corrosion potential data interpretation
25	4.3.1.9 Corrosion rate measurements 4.3.1.9.a The LPR technique
26	4.3.1.9.b The AC impedance technique 4.3.1.9.c ROC field measurements 4.3.1.9.d Rate-of-corrosion equipment and data interpretation 4.3.1.10 Cross-section loss of reinforcing steel bars 4.3.2 Prestressed reinforcement
27	4.3.2.1 Pretensioned structures 4.3.2.2 Unbonded post-tensioned structures 4.3.2.3 Bonded post-tensioned structures 4.4— Concrete evaluation test methods 4.4.1 Visual inspection 4.4.2 Core collection and compressive-strength testing 4.4.3 Chloride-ion permeability testing
28	4.4.4 Petrographic analysis CHAPTER 5— REMEDIAL MEASURES 5.1— Introduction 5.2—General
29	5.3—Applicability 5.4—The remedies and their limitations 5.4.1 Isolation remedies (barrier systems) 5.4.2 Modification of the environment
30	5.4.3 Modifying electrochemical reactions at the surfaceof reinforcing steel
32	5.5—Summary CHAPTER 6— REFERENCES 6.1—Referenced standards and reports
33	6.2—Cited references
41	6.3—Other references