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BS 8452:2005

BS 8452:2005

$189.07

Use of clamp-on (externally mounted) transit time metering techniques for liquid applications. Guide

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2005 46
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 BRITISH STANDARD
2 Committees responsible for this British�Standard
3 Contents
5 Introduction
1 Scope
2 Symbols and abbreviations
6 3 Clamp-on transit time ultrasonic flow-meters
3.1 General
3.2 The principle of operation
7 Figure 1 — A typical clamp-on TTUF
Figure 2 — Schematic of a clamp-on TTUF
9 3.3 Application areas
Table 1 — Application areas of clamp-on TTUFs
10 3.4 Performance measures
11 3.5 Uncertainty, repeatability and reproducibility under ideal flow, pipe fluid and operational�c…
12 4 Installation effects
4.1 General
Figure 3 — Profile correction factor (kh) against Reynolds number for fully developed flow in smooth pipes
13 4.2 Preferred installation conditions
Table 2 — Installation effect upstream straight length table
4.3 Reducing the effects of disturbed flows
Figure 4 — Two-path measurement
14 5 Pipework effects
5.1 Typical ranges of pipe size, pipe material, lining material and wall thickness to which the�t…
Table 3 — Ranges of pipe size, material, wall thickness and lining material with which clamp�on�TTUFs can b…
15 5.2 Effects of pipe wall roughness on measurement performance
Figure 5 — Effect of pipe wall roughness on profile correction factor
16 5.3 Ultrasonic properties of pipework
6 Fluid effects
6.1 Effects of fluid density and viscosity on meter performance
6.2 Effects of speed of sound on meter performance
6.3 Effects of gas bubbles and solids on meter performance
17 6.4 Limitations caused by highly attenuative liquid media
7 Operational effects
7.1 User training
7.2 Transducer configurations
7.3 Location of the transducers with respect to the pipe
7.4 Positioning of the transducers
18 Figure 6 — Transducer configurations
7.5 Method of clamping
19 7.6 Getting the most information from the installation
7.7 Couplant and pipe preparation
7.8 Process temperature
20 7.9 Pipe size and transducer frequency
7.10 Pipe diameter and wall thickness measurement
21 8 Manufacturer specific
8.1 Measurement of time difference
Figure 7 — Leading edge measurement
22 Figure 8 — Phase measurement system
23 8.2 Correction for Reynolds number
8.3 Correction for speed of sound
8.4 Diagnostics
24 Annex A (normative)
Reference data
Table A.1 — Reference clamp-on calibrations
25 Table A.2 — Disturbance calibrations
26 Table A.3 — Solid sound speeds
27 Table A.4 — Fluid sound speeds
28 Table A.4 — Fluid sound speeds
29 Table A.4 — Fluid sound speeds
30 Table A.4 — Fluid sound speeds
31 Table A.4 — Fluid sound speeds
32 Table A.4 — Fluid sound speeds
33 Table A.4 — Fluid sound speeds
34 Table A.4 — Fluid sound speeds
35 Annex B (normative)
Clamp-on Doppler ultrasonic flow-meter
36 Figure B.1 — Basics of Doppler ultrasonic flow-meter
37 Annex C (normative)
Cross-correlation ultrasonic flow-meters
38 Figure C.1 — Cross-correlation ultrasonic flow-meter
39 Annex D (informative)
(informative) Installation effect
Figure D.1 — Errors downstream of a conical contraction
Figure D.2 — Errors downstream of a conical expansion
40 Figure D.3 — Errors downstream of a single 90° bend
Figure D.4 — Errors downstream of two 90° bends in “U”�configuration
41 Figure D.5 — Errors from two 90° bend in perpendicular planes
Figure D.6 — Errors downstream of a butterfly valve
42 Figure D.7 — Errors downstream of a globe valve
Figure D.8 — Errors downstream of a gate valve
43 Bibliography

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BS 8452:2005
$189.07