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ACI 440.2 2023

ACI 440.2 2023

$53.63

ACI PRC-440.2-23: Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures – Guide

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ACI 2023
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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems for strengthening concrete structures are an alternative to traditional strengthening techniques such as steel plate bonding, section enlargement, and external post-tensioning. FRP strengthening systems use FRP composite materials as supplemental externally bonded or near-surface-mounted (NSM) reinforcement. FRP systems offer advantages over traditional strengthening techniques: they are lightweight, relatively easy to install, and noncorroding. Due to the characteristics of FRP systems as well as the behavior of members strengthened with FRP, specific guidance on the use of these systems is needed. This guide provides general information on the history and use of FRP strengthening systems; a description of the material properties of FRP; and recommendations on the engineering, construction, and inspection of FRP systems used to strengthen concrete structures. This guide is based on the knowledge gained from experimental research, analytical work, and field applications of FRP systems used to strengthen concrete structures. Keywords: aramid fibers; basalt fibers; bridges; buildings; carbon fibers; corrosion; cracking; development length; earthquake resistance; fiber-reinforced polymers; glass fibers; structural design.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
5 CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1—Introduction
6 1.2—Scope
8 CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS
2.1—Notation
11 2.2—Definitions
13 CHAPTER 3—BACKGROUND INFORMATION
3.1—Historical development
3.2—Commercially available externally bonded FRP systems
14 CHAPTER 4—CONSTITUENT MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES
4.1—Constituent materials
15 4.2—Physical properties
4.3—Mechanical properties
16 4.4—Time-dependent behavior
17 4.5—Durability
4.6—FRP systems qualification
CHAPTER 5—SHIPPING, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
5.1—Shipping
5.2—Storage
18 5.3—Handling
CHAPTER 6—INSTALLATION
6.1—Contractor competency
6.2—Temperature, humidity, and moisture considerations
19 6.3—Equipment
6.4—Substrate repair and surface preparation
20 6.5—Mixing of resins
6.6—Application of FRP systems
21 6.7—Alignment of FRP systems
6.8—Multiple plies and lap splices
6.9—Curing of resins
6.10—Temporary protection
CHAPTER 7—FIELD INSPECTION, TESTING, AND EVALUATION
7.1—General
22 7.2—Field inspection
7.3—Material testing
23 7.4—Evaluation and acceptance criteria
7.5— Evaluation of coatings
CHAPTER 8—MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
8.1—General
8.2—Inspection and assessment
8.3—Repair of strengthening system
24 8.4—Repair of surface coating
CHAPTER 9—GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
9.1—Design philosophy
9.2—Strengthening limits
25 9.3—Selection of FRP systems
26 9.4—Design material properties
27 CHAPTER 10—FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING
10.1—Nominal strength
28 10.2—Reinforced concrete members
32 10.3—Prestressed concrete members
35 10.4—Moment redistribution
CHAPTER 11—SHEAR STRENGTHENING
11.1—General considerations
11.2—Wrapping schemes
36 11.3—Nominal shear strength
11.4—FRP contribution to shear strength
38 CHAPTER 12—STRENGTHENING OF MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO AXIAL FORCE OR COMBINED AXIAL AND BENDING FORCES
12.1—Pure axial compression
40 12.2—Combined axial compression and bending
41 12.3—Ductility enhancement
12.4—Pure axial tension
CHAPTER 13—SEISMIC STRENGTHENING
42 13.1—Background
13.2—FRP properties for seismic design
13.3—Confinement with FRP
44 13.4—Flexural strengthening
45 13.5—Shear strengthening
13.6—Beam-column joints
46 13.7—Strengthening reinforced concrete shear walls and wall piers
47 CHAPTER 14—FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
14.1—Bond, delamination, and anchorage
50 14.2—Detailing of laps and splices
51 14.3—Bond of near-surface-mounted (NSM) systems
52 CHAPTER 15—DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND SUBMITTALS
15.1—Engineering requirements
15.2—Drawings and specifications
15.3—Submittals
53 CHAPTER 16—DESIGN EXAMPLES
16.1—Calculation of FRP system tensile properties
16.2—Comparison of FRP systems’ tensile properties
54 16.3—Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced concrete beam with FRP
60 16.4—Flexural strengthening of an interior reinforced concrete beam with near-surface-mounted (NSM) FRP bars
64 16.5—Flexural strengthening of an interior prestressed (bonded strands) concrete beam with FRP
70 16.6—Shear strengthening of an interior T-beam
74 16.7—Shear strengthening of an exterior column
16.8—Strengthening of a noncircular concrete column for axial load increase
77 16.9—Strengthening of a noncircular concrete column for increase in axial and bending forces
82 16.10—Plastic hinge confinement for seismic strengthening
84 16.11—Lap-splice clamping for seismic strengthening
95 16.14—Flexural strengthening of continuous unbonded prestressed concrete slab with FRP laminates
99 CHAPTER 17—REFERENCES
101 Authored documents
108 APPENDIX A—SUMMARY OF STANDARD TEST METHODS
109 APPENDIX B—AREAS OF FUTURE RESEARCH
110 APPENDIX C—METHODOLOGY FOR COMPUTATION OF SIMPLIFIED P-M INTERACTION DIAGRAM FOR NONCIRCULAR COLUMNS

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