API PUBL 4701-2000

$27.95

Bioaccumulation: An Evaluation of Federal and State Regulatory Initiatives

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
API	2000	80

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Description

The objective of this Primer is to describe the science of bioaccumulation in the aquatic environment as it relates to federal and state regulatory activities facing the petroleum industry. The scientific issues regarding bioaccumulation have already been discussed in detail in American Petroleum Institute (API) publication number 4656; Bioaccumulation: How Chemicals Move from the Water into Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms (API, 1997).

In recent years, many chemicals that bioaccumulate have been under increased scrutiny by federal and state agencies. As a result, these agencies have started to implement additional regulations that limit chemical releases and reduce exposure to humans, aquatic life and wildlife. For example, the number of fish consumption advisories continues to increase as regulatory agencies consider the fish consumption pathway an important source of exposure to certain bioaccumulative chemicals. To reduce exposure via this route, limits have been placed on consumption of fish from some waters. Increasingly, water quality standards are being revised by states to consider bioaccumulation of chemicals.

This Primer is organized into three major sections. Section 2 briefly describes the science of bioaccumulation, including how bioaccumulation is defined by regulatory agencies, and why certain bioaccumulative chemicals have been the focus of regulatory attention. Section 3 addresses chemical-specific bioaccumulation issues for the most important chemicals to the petroleum industry. Finally, Section 4 provides information on federal and state initiatives to regulate bioaccumulative chemicals. Regulations specifically discussed include fish consumption advisories; the Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLI); the Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) Strategy; and the Binational Strategy. For each regulatory initiative, this Section describes how bioaccumulation factors are used to identify chemicals of concern, to set standards, and/or to further reduce chemical releases.

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