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API PUBL 7103-1997

API PUBL 7103-1997

$35.10

Management and Disposal Alternatives for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Wastes in Oil Production and Gas Plant Equipment

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
API 1997 74
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Natural radioactivity occurring at trace concentrations in underground formations and in oil and gas production streams occasionally accumulates in surface equipment to exceed background levels. The accumulations are dominated by radium and its decay products in sludges and pipe scales, and by thin lead-210 deposits on interior surfaces of gas plant equipment. Such accumulations of naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM) have mainly been noted in recent years, and appropriate methods and alternatives for their disposal are not well characterized. NORM concentrations vary from predominantly background levels that require no special precautions to elevated levels that occasionally are similar to levels in uranium mill tailings. This report presents radiological analyses of disposal alternatives that will protect against elevated radiation exposures and facilitate cost effective precautions that are proportionate to any hazards posed by the NORM.

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API PUBL 7103-1997
$35.10