API PUBL 7104-1997

$35.10

Proceedings of the 1995 API and GRI Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Conference

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
API	1997	237

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NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) is acronym generally used for substances in which Naturally Occurring Radionuclides (NOR’s) show up in concentrations above about 0.1 Becquerel per gramme (Bq/g). In the gas and oil industry, the term NORM is commonly used to describe the products and by-products in which the radioactive progeny of the two long-lived parent radionuclides, ²³²Th and ²³⁸U either show up or become enriched due to production or treating processes. During oil and gas production process this progeny may, to some extent, be brought to the surface together with natural gas, with well-fluids Iike natural gas liquids, crude oil and water, and with solid particles.