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4	Foreword Foreword 1. PURPOSE 1. PURPOSE 2. SCOPE 2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard includes 2.1 This standard includes 2.2 This standard applies to central furnaces with inputs less than 225,000 Btu/h and boilers with inputs less than 300,000 Btu/h, having gas, oil, or electric input, intended for use in residential applications. This standard also applies to furnace… 2.2 This standard applies to central furnaces with inputs less than 225,000 Btu/h and boilers with inputs less than 300,000 Btu/h, having gas, oil, or electric input, intended for use in residential applications. This standard also applies to furnace… 2.3 The procedures are intended to be used to compare energy consumption measures of various furnace and boiler models. They are not intended to provide an absolute measure of performance in any specific installation configuration since the effects o… 2.3 The procedures are intended to be used to compare energy consumption measures of various furnace and boiler models. They are not intended to provide an absolute measure of performance in any specific installation configuration since the effects o… 3. DEFINITIONS 3. DEFINITIONS
6	4. CLASSIFICATIONS 4. CLASSIFICATIONS 4.1 Product 4.1 Product 4.2 Heating Medium 4.2 Heating Medium 4.3 Circulation 4.3 Circulation 4.4 Energy Source 4.4 Energy Source 4.5 Burner Type 4.5 Burner Type 4.6 Ignition 4.6 Ignition
7	4.7 Draft Equipment 4.7 Draft Equipment 4.8 Off-Cycle Devices 4.8 Off-Cycle Devices 4.9 Installation 4.9 Installation 4.10 Flue Gas 4.10 Flue Gas 4.11 Control 4.11 Control 5. REQUIREMENTS 5. REQUIREMENTS 6. INSTRUMENTS 6. INSTRUMENTS 6.1 General. All instruments shall be in working order and be calibrated periodically. Records of periodic calibration shall be kept and they shall contain at a minimum the date of calibration, method of calibration, and reference standard used. 6.1 General. All instruments shall be in working order and be calibrated periodically. Records of periodic calibration shall be kept and they shall contain at a minimum the date of calibration, method of calibration, and reference standard used. 6.2 Temperature 6.2 Temperature 6.3 Pressure. Instruments for measuring gas, oil, air, water, and steam pressure shall be calibrated so that the error is no greater than the following: 6.3 Pressure. Instruments for measuring gas, oil, air, water, and steam pressure shall be calibrated so that the error is no greater than the following: 6.4 Draft. Draft gauges shall have an accuracy of ±0.005 in. water. Minimum divisions on the draft gauge shall be 0.005 in. water. 6.4 Draft. Draft gauges shall have an accuracy of ±0.005 in. water. Minimum divisions on the draft gauge shall be 0.005 in. water. 6.5 Combustion Products. Stack and flue CO2 (carbon dioxide) shall be determined with an instrument providing a reading with an error no greater than ±0.1 percentage points. 6.5 Combustion Products. Stack and flue CO2 (carbon dioxide) shall be determined with an instrument providing a reading with an error no greater than ±0.1 percentage points. 6.6 Weight or Volume. The error associated with the measuring instruments shall not exceed ±0.5% of the quantity measured. 6.6 Weight or Volume. The error associated with the measuring instruments shall not exceed ±0.5% of the quantity measured. 6.7 Time. The error associated with timing instruments shall not exceed ±0.5 second per hour. 6.7 Time. The error associated with timing instruments shall not exceed ±0.5 second per hour. 6.8 Smoke. Smoke-measuring instruments shall comply with requirements for smoke meters as outlined in reference 1 in Section 12. 6.8 Smoke. Smoke-measuring instruments shall comply with requirements for smoke meters as outlined in reference 1 in Section 12. 6.9 Tracer Gas Mass Flow Rate. The instruments used to measure the tracer gas mass flow rate shall have an accuracy of ±2% of the value of the concentration measured. 6.9 Tracer Gas Mass Flow Rate. The instruments used to measure the tracer gas mass flow rate shall have an accuracy of ±2% of the value of the concentration measured. 6.10 Energy Flow Rate 6.10 Energy Flow Rate
8	6.11 Higher Heating Value 6.11 Higher Heating Value 7. APPARATUS 7. APPARATUS 7.1 General. Furnaces and boilers shall be installed in the test room in accordance with their manufacturers’ instructions unless required otherwise by a specific method of test. 7.1 General. Furnaces and boilers shall be installed in the test room in accordance with their manufacturers’ instructions unless required otherwise by a specific method of test. 7.2 Furnaces 7.2 Furnaces
13	7.3 Gas and Oil-Fired and Electric Low-Pressure Steam and Hot Water Boilers 7.3 Gas and Oil-Fired and Electric Low-Pressure Steam and Hot Water Boilers 7.4 Units with Integral Dampers. Dampers supplied with the furnace or boiler, which are in the burner inlet or in the flue passages and which are opened by fan power and closed by gravity or spring power, shall be installed in the location and manner… 7.4 Units with Integral Dampers. Dampers supplied with the furnace or boiler, which are in the burner inlet or in the flue passages and which are opened by fan power and closed by gravity or spring power, shall be installed in the location and manner…
14	7.5 Direct-Vent Systems, Insulation Requirements. For direct-vent systems that are not designed to significantly preheat the incoming air, only the first 18 in. of vent pipe downstream of the furnace outlet shall be insulated with a layer of insulati… 7.5 Direct-Vent Systems, Insulation Requirements. For direct-vent systems that are not designed to significantly preheat the incoming air, only the first 18 in. of vent pipe downstream of the furnace outlet shall be insulated with a layer of insulati… 7.6 Thermocouple Grids. Thermocouple grids shall be constructed of either 5, 9 or 17 thermocouples of the type described in 6.2.2 and shown in Figure 10. The grid shall be in a test plane perpendicular to the axis of the test vent pipe. The thermocou… 7.6 Thermocouple Grids. Thermocouple grids shall be constructed of either 5, 9 or 17 thermocouples of the type described in 6.2.2 and shown in Figure 10. The grid shall be in a test plane perpendicular to the axis of the test vent pipe. The thermocou… 7.7 Electrical Measurement See Figure 11. 7.7 Electrical Measurement See Figure 11.
15	7.8 Condensate Collection. Condensate drain lines shall be attached to the unit as specified in the manufacturer’s installation instructions. A continuous downward slope of drain lines from the unit shall be maintained. Additional precautions shall b… 7.8 Condensate Collection. Condensate drain lines shall be attached to the unit as specified in the manufacturer’s installation instructions. A continuous downward slope of drain lines from the unit shall be maintained. Additional precautions shall b… 8. METHODS OF TESTING 8. METHODS OF TESTING 8.1 General. Furnaces and boilers shall be equipped with the apparatus described in Section 7, and the instrumentation described in Section 6 shall be set up for recording data. Refer to Figures 1 through 11 when equipping the furnaces and boilers wi… 8.1 General. Furnaces and boilers shall be equipped with the apparatus described in Section 7, and the instrumentation described in Section 6 shall be set up for recording data. Refer to Figures 1 through 11 when equipping the furnaces and boilers wi… 8.2 Furnaces 8.2 Furnaces
17	8.3 Boilers 8.3 Boilers 8.4 Test Requirements or Conditions 8.4 Test Requirements or Conditions
19	8.5 Room Ambient Temperature (TRA) 8.5 Room Ambient Temperature (TRA) 8.6 Jacket Loss Measurement. For units intended to be installed outdoors or in an unheated space (including isolated combustion systems), the jacket loss may be assigned the value of 1%, or a jacket loss test may be performed. Conduct the test at ste… 8.6 Jacket Loss Measurement. For units intended to be installed outdoors or in an unheated space (including isolated combustion systems), the jacket loss may be assigned the value of 1%, or a jacket loss test may be performed. Conduct the test at ste…
21	8.7 Direct Vent Systems 8.7 Direct Vent Systems 8.8 Methods for Determining Draft Factor DP , DF , and DS 8.8 Methods for Determining Draft Factor DP , DF , and DS
23	9. TEST PROCEDURE 9. TEST PROCEDURE 9.1 Steady-State Test, All Gas and Oil-Fired Units (except Electric). For units with two-stage or step modulating controls, the test shall be conducted at both the maximum and reduced inputs. 9.1 Steady-State Test, All Gas and Oil-Fired Units (except Electric). For units with two-stage or step modulating controls, the test shall be conducted at both the maximum and reduced inputs.
24	9.2 Condensing Furnaces and Boilers, Measurement of Condensate Under Steady-State Conditions. For units with step modulating or two-stage controls, the test shall be conducted at both the maximum and reduced inputs. Begin a steady-state condensate co… 9.2 Condensing Furnaces and Boilers, Measurement of Condensate Under Steady-State Conditions. For units with step modulating or two-stage controls, the test shall be conducted at both the maximum and reduced inputs. Begin a steady-state condensate co…
25	9.3 Electric Forced-Air Central Furnaces. Operate the furnace with the air quantity specified in 8.4.2.4 until the steady-state conditions are reached as indicated by a temperature variation of not more than 5°F in the outlet air temperature in four… 9.3 Electric Forced-Air Central Furnaces. Operate the furnace with the air quantity specified in 8.4.2.4 until the steady-state conditions are reached as indicated by a temperature variation of not more than 5°F in the outlet air temperature in four… 9.4 Electric Boilers. Operate the boiler until steady-state conditions are reached as indicated by a temperature variation of not more than 4°F in the outlet water temperature in three successive readings taken 15 minutes apart. Take three measureme… 9.4 Electric Boilers. Operate the boiler until steady-state conditions are reached as indicated by a temperature variation of not more than 4°F in the outlet water temperature in three successive readings taken 15 minutes apart. Take three measureme… 9.5 Flue Temperature Measurements Cool-Down Test 9.5 Flue Temperature Measurements Cool-Down Test
26	9.6 Flue Gas Temperature Measurements—Heat-up Test 9.6 Flue Gas Temperature Measurements—Heat-up Test 9.7 Optional Tracer Gas Test Procedures for Determining Draft Factors for DP , DF , and DS for Systems Equipped with Power Burners or Direct Vent and Not Equipped with Stack Dampers 9.7 Optional Tracer Gas Test Procedures for Determining Draft Factors for DP , DF , and DS for Systems Equipped with Power Burners or Direct Vent and Not Equipped with Stack Dampers
28	9.8 Condensing Furnaces and Boilers—Measurement of Condensate Heat Loss Under Cyclic Conditions. For units with modulating controls, the following applies: (a) for step modulating units, the test is conducted at reduced input rate only; (b) for two… 9.8 Condensing Furnaces and Boilers—Measurement of Condensate Heat Loss Under Cyclic Conditions. For units with modulating controls, the following applies: (a) for step modulating units, the test is conducted at reduced input rate only; (b) for two… 9.9 Furnaces and Boilers Equipped with Stack Dampers 9.9 Furnaces and Boilers Equipped with Stack Dampers 9.10 Optional Test Procedures for Condensing Furnaces and Boilers That Have No Off-Period Flue Losses 9.10 Optional Test Procedures for Condensing Furnaces and Boilers That Have No Off-Period Flue Losses
29	10. NOMENCLATURE 10. NOMENCLATURE
32	11. CALCULATIONS OF DERIVED RESULTS FROM TEST MEASUREMENTS 11. CALCULATIONS OF DERIVED RESULTS FROM TEST MEASUREMENTS 11.1 Heating Seasonal Efficiency and AFUE for Electric Furnaces and Boilers. The heating seasonal efficiency for various types of electric furnaces and boilers, EffyHS-E, is determined as follows: 11.1 Heating Seasonal Efficiency and AFUE for Electric Furnaces and Boilers. The heating seasonal efficiency for various types of electric furnaces and boilers, EffyHS-E, is determined as follows: 11.2 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Noncondensing and Nonmodulating Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiency, EffySS and Effy… 11.2 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Noncondensing and Nonmodulating Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiency, EffySS and Effy…
42	11.3 Steady-State Efficiency, Heating Seasonal Efficiency, and Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency for Condensing Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Follow the calculation procedure specified in 11.2 with the modifications listed below. 11.3 Steady-State Efficiency, Heating Seasonal Efficiency, and Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency for Condensing Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Follow the calculation procedure specified in 11.2 with the modifications listed below.
43	11.4 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Noncondensing Modulating Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiency, EffySS and EffyHS, and… 11.4 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Noncondensing Modulating Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiency, EffySS and EffyHS, and…
48	11.5 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Condensing, Modulating Gas or Oil Furnaces or Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiencies, EffySS and EffyHS, and … 11.5 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Condensing, Modulating Gas or Oil Furnaces or Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiencies, EffySS and EffyHS, and …
50	11.6 Optional Tracer Gas Procedure for Determination of DP for Furnaces or Boilers Employing a Power Burner or Direct Vent 11.6 Optional Tracer Gas Procedure for Determination of DP for Furnaces or Boilers Employing a Power Burner or Direct Vent 11.7 Optional Procedure for Determining Off-Cycle Draft Factors for Furnaces or Boilers Employing a Power Burner or Direct Vent 11.7 Optional Procedure for Determining Off-Cycle Draft Factors for Furnaces or Boilers Employing a Power Burner or Direct Vent
51	11.8 Procedure for Determining Off-Cycle Loss Factor and Off-Cycle Draft Factor for Atmospheric Furnaces or Boilers with Integral Draft Diverter or Draft Hood and Equipped with an Electro-Mechanical Flue Damper or an Electro-Mechanical Inlet Damper T… 11.8 Procedure for Determining Off-Cycle Loss Factor and Off-Cycle Draft Factor for Atmospheric Furnaces or Boilers with Integral Draft Diverter or Draft Hood and Equipped with an Electro-Mechanical Flue Damper or an Electro-Mechanical Inlet Damper T… 12. REFERENCES 12. REFERENCES Informative APPENDIX A— Time-saving computer program for section ii calculations Informative APPENDIX A— Time-saving computer program for section ii calculations
52	Informative APPENDIX B— OIL/GAS/ELECTRIC FORMULAS for energy factor Informative APPENDIX B— OIL/GAS/ELECTRIC FORMULAS for energy factor Informative APPENDIX C— CALCULATION OF FURNACE AND BOILER COMPARATIVE AVERAGE ANNUAL COST Informative APPENDIX C— CALCULATION OF FURNACE AND BOILER COMPARATIVE AVERAGE ANNUAL COST
56	Informative APPENDIX D— GUIDELINES FOR MEASURING OFF-CYCLE MASS FLOW USING THE TRACER GAS METHOD Informative APPENDIX D— GUIDELINES FOR MEASURING OFF-CYCLE MASS FLOW USING THE TRACER GAS METHOD
57	APPENDIX E— Plotted values and Graphs APPENDIX E— Plotted values and Graphs
72	Informative APPENDIX F— DETERMINATION OF BOILER PERFORMANCE FOR LOW WATER TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS Informative APPENDIX F— DETERMINATION OF BOILER PERFORMANCE FOR LOW WATER TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS Informative APPENDIX G— REFERENCES Informative APPENDIX G— REFERENCES

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASHRAE	2007	74


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Standard Title	ASHRAE Standard 103-2007 Method of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and Boilers (ANSI Approved)
Published Code	ASHRAE
Publication Date	2007
Pages Count	74

ASHRAE 103 07:2007 Edition

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