ASHRAE Book DistrictCoolingGuide 2ed 2019
$104.00
ASHRAE District Cooling Guide, Second Edition and Owner’s Guide for Buildings Served by District Cooling
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASHRAE | 2019 | 369 |
ASHRAE’s District Cooling Guide, Second Edition and Owner’s Guide for Buildings Served by District Cooling fulfill a worldwide need for a modern and complete design guidance for district systems. These guides provide in-depth coverage and case studies on the design, operation, and maintenance of district cooling systems. District Cooling Guide, Second Edition and Owner’s Guide for Buildings Served by District Cooling draw on the expertise of an extremely diverse international team with current involvement in the industry and hundreds years of combined experience. Select features: Comprehensive coverage of district cooling system design Detailed coverage of piping systems for chilled-water distribution Guidance on avoiding low-delta T syndrome These guides are perfect for consulting engineers with campus specialization, utility engineers, district system operating engineers, and central plant design engineers as well as owners and designers of buildings served by district cooling.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | ASHRAE-Book-DistrictCoolingGuide-2ed-2019 |
| 6 | Contents |
| 12 | Acknowledgments |
| 14 | Acronyms |
| 16 | Chapter 1—Introduction PURPOSE AND SCOPE DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM COMPONENTS |
| 17 | DISTRICT COOLING HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS |
| 20 | APPLICABILITY BENEFITS Environmental Benefits |
| 21 | Economic Benefits to Building Owners |
| 23 | REFERENCES |
| 24 | Chapter 2—Alternative Development and System Planning INTRODUCTION |
| 26 | ESTABLISH AND CLARIFY OWNER’S SCOPE |
| 27 | DEVELOPMENT OF THE DATABASE |
| 28 | ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT Codes and Standards |
| 30 | Special Considerations for DCS |
| 31 | Local and Institutional Constraints Integrated Processes |
| 32 | Not-in-Kind and Novel Approaches Phased Development and Construction |
| 33 | Central Plant Siting |
| 35 | Chiller Selection Refrigerant Selection |
| 36 | Chilled-Water Distribution Systems |
| 37 | Unconventional Working Fluids |
| 38 | Construction Considerations and Cost |
| 39 | Consumer Interconnection |
| 41 | TYPICAL RESPONSIBILITY OF DISTRICT COOLING PARTICIPANTS Responsibility of the DCS Provider |
| 42 | Responsibility of the DCS Customer Responsibility of the DCS Design Engineer |
| 43 | ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND USER RATES |
| 49 | CONCLUSION |
| 50 | REFERENCES |
| 52 | Chapter 3—Central Plant PLANT COMPONENTS AND ALTERNATIVE ARRANGEMENTS |
| 53 | TEMPERATURE DESIGN BASIS FOR THE CENTRAL PLANT |
| 54 | CHILLER BASICS Chiller Types |
| 56 | Chiller Performance Limitations |
| 60 | Vapor-Compression Refrigerants Selection and Phase-Out Plans |
| 62 | Electrical-Driven, Water-Cooled Centrifugal Chillers Engine-Driven Chillers Absorption Chillers |
| 66 | CHILLER CONFIGURATION Selecting Chiller Quantity and Size |
| 69 | Level of Redundancy Required |
| 70 | CHILLER STAGING |
| 71 | CHILLER ARRANGEMENTS AND PUMPING CONFIGURATIONS Chiller Arrangements |
| 72 | Circulating Fundamentals |
| 78 | Absorption Plus Centrifugal Chillers |
| 79 | PUMPING SCHEMES Plant Pumping |
| 80 | Pressure Gradient in CHW Distribution Systems Part-Load Condition |
| 82 | Distribution Network Pumping-System Configurations |
| 87 | CHW Primary Pumping Configuration |
| 89 | Plant Condenser Pumping Arrangement |
| 90 | Condenser-Water Piping and Pumping for Unequal Numbers of Chillers and Cooling Towers |
| 91 | Pumps HEAT REJECTION |
| 92 | Heat Rejection Equipment CONDENSER WATER |
| 94 | COOLING TOWERS |
| 96 | Tower Selection |
| 98 | Fan Speed Type |
| 99 | Draft Type |
| 100 | Tower Location and Layout |
| 102 | Tower Basin |
| 104 | Tower Fill Options |
| 105 | Materials of Construction Water Sources |
| 109 | WATER FILTRATION SYSTEMS |
| 112 | AIR VENTING |
| 115 | PLANT PIPING AND INSULATION |
| 116 | MECHANICAL ROOM DESIGN |
| 120 | ELECTRICAL ROOM DESIGN REFERENCES |
| 121 | BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| 122 | Chapter 4—Distribution Systems INTRODUCTION |
| 123 | DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TYPES |
| 125 | PIPING AND JACKETING MATERIALS Steel Copper Ductile Iron |
| 127 | Cementitious Pipe FRP |
| 128 | PVC PE and HDPE PIPING SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS Factors to Consider when Choosing Piping Material for a DCS |
| 132 | LEAK DETECTION |
| 133 | CATHODIC PROTECTION |
| 134 | GEOTECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS |
| 137 | VALVE VAULTS AND ENTRY PITS |
| 138 | Valve Vault Issues |
| 143 | THERMAL DESIGN CONDITIONS |
| 144 | SOIL THERMAL PROPERTIES Soil Thermal Conductivity |
| 146 | Temperature Effects on Soil Thermal Conductivity and Frost Depth Specific Heat of Soils |
| 147 | UNDISTURBED SOIL TEMPERATURES |
| 151 | Heat Transfer at Ground Surface INSULATIONS AND THEIR THERMAL PROPERTIES |
| 152 | STEADY-STATE HEAT GAIN CALCULATIONS FOR SYSTEMS Single Uninsulated Buried Pipe |
| 154 | Single Buried Insulated Pipe |
| 155 | Two Buried Pipes or Conduits |
| 159 | WHEN TO INSULATE district cooling PIPING Energy Cost Impact of Heat Gain |
| 160 | Cost of Additional Chiller Plant Capacity |
| 163 | Impacts of Heat Gain on Delivered Supply Water Temperature |
| 165 | References |
| 170 | Chapter 5—End User Interface TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL CONTROL |
| 171 | CONNECTION TYPES |
| 172 | Direct Connection |
| 176 | Indirect Connection |
| 177 | COMPONENTS Heat Exchangers |
| 181 | Flow Control Devices |
| 182 | Instrumentation and Control |
| 183 | Temperature Measurement Pressure Measurement |
| 184 | Pressure-Control Devices METERING |
| 186 | REFERENCES |
| 188 | Chapter 6—Thermal Energy Storage OVERVIEW OF TES TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS FOR DISTRICT COOLING |
| 191 | TES TECHNOLOGY TYPES Latent Heat TES |
| 192 | Ice TES Summary |
| 195 | Sensible Heat TES Stratification in CHW TES |
| 199 | CHW TES Summary |
| 201 | LTF TES Summary |
| 202 | Comparing TES Technologies |
| 203 | DRIVERS FOR AND BENEFITS OF Using TES IN DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS Primary Benefits of Using TES in District Cooling Systems Potential Secondary Benefits of Using TES in District Cooling Systems |
| 205 | SYSTEM INTEGRATION Location of TES Equipment |
| 206 | Hydraulic Integration of TES |
| 210 | SIZING AND OPERATION OF TES Full Versus Partial-Shift TES Systems |
| 212 | Daily Versus Weekly Cycle TES Configurations TES Control |
| 213 | ECONOMICS OF TES IN DISTRICT COOLING Capital Costs |
| 214 | An Actual Case Study of TES for District Cooling, with Economics (Andrepont and Kohlenberg 2005) |
| 215 | COMPARING ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES |
| 216 | Battery Storage—Advantages and Limitations (Andrepont 2018b) |
| 217 | TES versus Batteries |
| 218 | REFERENCES |
| 220 | BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| 222 | Chapter 7—Instrumentation and Controls GENERAL |
| 223 | BMS OR SCADA? Major Differences Summary SYSTEM COMPONENTS |
| 224 | Management Layer Communication Layer |
| 225 | Automation Layer Field Instruments Layer |
| 227 | SYSTEM CONFIGURATION System Structure Plant Control Room |
| 229 | System Features and Capabilities OPERATION PHILOSOPHY The ICMS for Plant Management |
| 230 | Control Philosophy Statement |
| 234 | ICMS Global Monitoring and Alarming Procedure Interface with BMS |
| 235 | Rotation Sequence ENERGY AND OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS Condenser-Water Return Temperature Setpoint Reset |
| 236 | CHWS Temperature Setpoint Reset TES Tanks |
| 238 | Chapter 8—Operations and Maintenance INTRODUCTION |
| 239 | WORKPLACE SAFETY |
| 241 | SECURITY DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Organization and Structure |
| 248 | DCS CENTRAL PLANT OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Chilled-Water Production |
| 254 | WATER TREATMENT Corrosion Corrosion Protection and Preventive Measures |
| 256 | White Rust on Galvanized Steel Cooling Towers SCALE CONTROL |
| 257 | Nonchemical Methods |
| 258 | External Treatments BIOLOGICAL GROWTH CONTROL Control Measures |
| 262 | SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND DEPOSITION CONTROL Mechanical Filtration |
| 265 | SELECTION OF WATER TREATMENT |
| 266 | Once-Through Systems (Seawater or Surface Water Cooling) Open Recirculating Systems (Cooling Towers) |
| 267 | Closed Recirculating Systems (Distribution System) European Practice in Closed Distribution Systems |
| 268 | Water Treatment in Steam Systems MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS FOR DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS |
| 271 | Chilled-Water Distribution System Maintenance |
| 273 | REFERENCES |
| 274 | Bibliography |
| 276 | Appendix A—Heat Transfer at the Ground’s Surface and Subsurface Temperatures |
| 278 | References |
| 280 | Appendix B—Case Studies Case Study: Business Bay Executive Towers System Overview System Performance Metrics Chiller Details |
| 281 | Pumping Water Treatment Cooling Towers Distribution System |
| 282 | Consumer Interconnect Special Features Contact for More Information |
| 283 | Case study: Texas Medical Center System Overview System Performance Metrics Chiller Details Pumping Water Treatment Cooling Towers |
| 284 | Thermal Storage Distribution System Consumer Interconnect Special Features Contact for More Information |
| 286 | Case Study: District Cooling St. Paul System Overview System Performance Metrics Electric Details Chiller Details Water Treatment Cooling Towers Thermal Storage |
| 287 | Distribution System Consumer Interconnect Special Features Environmental and Economic Benefits Published Articles on the System or Websites with Details Contact for More Information |
| 288 | CASE STUDY: ABDALI AREA, AMMAN, JORDAN System Overview System Performance Metrics Chiller Details Pumping Case Study: Abdali Area, Amman, Jordan |
| 289 | Water Treatment Air-Cooled Condensers Thermal Storage Distribution System Consumer interconnect |
| 290 | Special Features Environmental and Economic Benefits |
| 291 | Published Articles on the System or Websites with Details Contact for More Information |
| 292 | Appendix C—Terminology for District Cooling |
| 300 | ASHRAE-Book-OwnersGuideDistrict Cooling-2019 |
| 305 | Contents |
| 307 | Preface |
| 309 | Acknowledgments |
| 311 | Chapter 1—To the Building Owner Introduction Capital Cost Advantages |
| 312 | Operating Cost Advantages Life-Cycle Cost Example |
| 313 | Intangible Benefits of District Cooling Qualitative Benefits |
| 314 | Refrigerants |
| 315 | Environmental |
| 316 | Alternate Energy Sources Planning |
| 317 | Noise, Vibration, and Aesthetics Waste Streams and Cooling Tower Drift High Reliability District Cooling Tariff Structures |
| 319 | Low Chilled-Water Return Temperature, or Low Delta T |
| 321 | Selecting the Design Firm for a Building to be served by District Cooling References |
| 323 | Chapter 2—To the Building Designer |
| 324 | DEFINITION OF RESPONSIBILITIES AND BUILDING REQUIREMENTS Energy Transfer Station Room/Machinery Space |
| 326 | Water Treatment, Pipe Testing, and Pipe Cleaning |
| 327 | Commissioning TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL CONTROL |
| 329 | CONNECTION TYPES |
| 330 | DIRECT CONNECTION |
| 334 | INDIRECT CONNECTION |
| 335 | COMPONENTS Pumps and Pump Control Piping |
| 336 | Heat Exchangers |
| 337 | PHEs |
| 338 | Heat-Exchanger Load Characteristics |
| 341 | Flow-Control Devices |
| 342 | Instrumentation and Control |
| 343 | Temperature Measurement Pressure Measurement Pressure-Control Devices METERING |
| 346 | REFERENCES |
| 347 | Chapter 3—Existing Buildings: When Design Deficiencies or Other Constraints Prevent Achieving Acceptable DT Causes of Low-DT Syndrome |
| 348 | Best Practices for Selecting Cooling Coils |
| 352 | Best Practices for Selecting Control Valves |
| 353 | Control Valve Authority |
| 354 | Actuator Sizing Best Practices for Increasing Chilled-Water Return Temperatures and System DT |
| 355 | Alternative Methods to Increase Return Water Temperatures |
| 356 | REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| 357 | Appendix A—Plant Efficiency Impacts from Low DT at Customers |
| 359 | Reference |
| 361 | Appendix B—Case Study in Mitigation of Low DT CHILLED-WATER SYSTEM AND LOW-DT SYNDROME DESCRIPTION |
| 365 | ADDITIONAL NOTES TESTS |
| 368 | Reference |
