ASHRAE Handbook 05 IP 2005
$102.38
2005 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals (I-P Edition)
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASHRAE | 2005 | 952 |
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | F05pCh01 F05pCh01 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics Stored Energy Stored Energy Energy in Transition Energy in Transition |
| 2 | First Law of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics |
| 3 | Thermodynamic Analysis of Refrigeration Cycles Thermodynamic Analysis of Refrigeration Cycles Equations of State Equations of State |
| 4 | Calculating Thermodynamic Properties Calculating Thermodynamic Properties |
| 5 | Phase Equilibria for Multicomponent Systems Phase Equilibria for Multicomponent Systems |
| 6 | Compression Refrigeration Cycles Compression Refrigeration Cycles Carnot Cycle Carnot Cycle |
| 7 | Theoretical Single-Stage Cycle Using a Pure Refrigerant or Azeotropic Mixture Theoretical Single-Stage Cycle Using a Pure Refrigerant or Azeotropic Mixture |
| 9 | Lorenz Refrigeration Cycle Lorenz Refrigeration Cycle Theoretical Single-Stage Cycle Using Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixture Theoretical Single-Stage Cycle Using Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixture |
| 10 | Multistage Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycles Multistage Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycles |
| 11 | Actual Refrigeration Systems Actual Refrigeration Systems |
| 13 | Absorption Refrigeration Cycles Absorption Refrigeration Cycles Ideal Thermal Cycle Ideal Thermal Cycle |
| 14 | Working Fluid Phase Change Constraints Working Fluid Phase Change Constraints Temperature Glide Temperature Glide |
| 15 | Working Fluids Working Fluids Absorption Cycle Representations Absorption Cycle Representations |
| 16 | Conceptualizing the Cycle Conceptualizing the Cycle |
| 17 | Absorption Cycle Modeling Absorption Cycle Modeling Analysis and Performance Simulation Analysis and Performance Simulation |
| 18 | Double-Effect Cycle Double-Effect Cycle Ammonia/Water Absorption Cycles Ammonia/Water Absorption Cycles |
| 20 | Symbols Symbols References References |
| 21 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 22 | F05pCh02 F05pCh02 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2 Fluid Flow Fluid Flow Fluid Properties 2.1 Fluid Properties 2.1 Basic Relations of Fluid Dynamics 2.2 Basic Relations of Fluid Dynamics 2.2 Basic Flow Processes 2.3 Basic Flow Processes 2.3 Flow Analysis 2.6 Flow Analysis 2.6 Noise in Fluid Flow 2.14 Noise in Fluid Flow 2.14 Fluid Properties Fluid Properties Density Density Viscosity Viscosity |
| 23 | Basic Relations of Fluid Dynamics Basic Relations of Fluid Dynamics Continuity in a Pipe or Duct Continuity in a Pipe or Duct Bernoulli Equation and Pressure Variation in Flow Direction Bernoulli Equation and Pressure Variation in Flow Direction |
| 24 | Laminar Flow Laminar Flow Turbulence Turbulence Basic Flow Processes Basic Flow Processes Wall Friction Wall Friction |
| 25 | Boundary Layer Boundary Layer Flow Patterns with Separation Flow Patterns with Separation |
| 26 | Drag Forces on Bodies or Struts Drag Forces on Bodies or Struts Nonisothermal Effects Nonisothermal Effects |
| 27 | Flow Analysis Flow Analysis Generalized Bernoulli Equation Generalized Bernoulli Equation |
| 35 | Noise in Fluid Flow Noise in Fluid Flow References References |
| 36 | F05pCh03 F05pCh03 Heat Transfer Processes Heat Transfer Processes |
| 37 | Thermal Conduction Thermal Conduction Steady-State Conduction Steady-State Conduction |
| 38 | Transient Conduction Transient Conduction |
| 43 | Thermal Radiation Thermal Radiation Blackbody Radiation Blackbody Radiation Actual Radiation Actual Radiation |
| 45 | Angle Factor Angle Factor |
| 46 | Radiant Exchange Between Opaque Surfaces Radiant Exchange Between Opaque Surfaces |
| 47 | Radiation in Gases Radiation in Gases |
| 48 | Thermal Convection Thermal Convection |
| 51 | Natural Convection Natural Convection |
| 53 | Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Overall Resistance Overall Resistance |
| 54 | Heat Transfer Augmentation Heat Transfer Augmentation Passive Techniques Passive Techniques |
| 55 | Active Techniques Active Techniques |
| 58 | Extended Surfaces Extended Surfaces |
| 63 | Heat Exchangers Heat Exchangers Mean Temperature Difference Analysis Mean Temperature Difference Analysis Effectiveness: NTU Analysis Effectiveness: NTU Analysis |
| 65 | Plate Heat Exchangers Plate Heat Exchangers Heat Exchanger Transients Heat Exchanger Transients |
| 66 | Symbols Symbols |
| 67 | References References |
| 70 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 71 | F05pCh04 F05pCh04 Boiling Boiling Boiling and Pool Boiling in Natural Convection Systems Boiling and Pool Boiling in Natural Convection Systems |
| 74 | Maximum Heat Flux and Film Boiling Maximum Heat Flux and Film Boiling Flooded Evaporators Flooded Evaporators Forced-Convection Evaporation in Tubes Forced-Convection Evaporation in Tubes |
| 77 | Boiling in Plate Heat Exchangers Boiling in Plate Heat Exchangers |
| 78 | Condensing Condensing |
| 80 | Condensation on Inside Surface of Horizontal Tubes Condensation on Inside Surface of Horizontal Tubes Noncondensable Gases Noncondensable Gases |
| 81 | Other Impurities Other Impurities Pressure Drop Pressure Drop Friedel Correlation Friedel Correlation |
| 82 | Lockhart and Martinelli Correlation Lockhart and Martinelli Correlation Grönnerud Correlation Grönnerud Correlation Müller-Steinhagen and Heck Correlation Müller-Steinhagen and Heck Correlation |
| 83 | Recommendations Recommendations Pressure Drop in Plate Heat Exchangers Pressure Drop in Plate Heat Exchangers |
| 84 | Enhanced Surfaces Enhanced Surfaces Symbols Symbols |
| 85 | References References |
| 88 | F05pCh05 F05pCh05 Molecular Diffusion Molecular Diffusion Fick’s Law Fick’s Law Fick’s Law for Dilute Mixtures Fick’s Law for Dilute Mixtures Fick’s Law for Mass Diffusion Through Solids or Stagnant Fluids (Stationary Media) Fick’s Law for Mass Diffusion Through Solids or Stagnant Fluids (Stationary Media) Fick’s Law for Ideal Gases with Negligible Temperature Gradient Fick’s Law for Ideal Gases with Negligible Temperature Gradient |
| 89 | Diffusion Coefficient Diffusion Coefficient Diffusion of One Gas Through a Second Stagnant Gas Diffusion of One Gas Through a Second Stagnant Gas |
| 91 | Equimolar Counterdiffusion Equimolar Counterdiffusion Molecular Diffusion in Liquids and Solids Molecular Diffusion in Liquids and Solids Convection of Mass Convection of Mass Mass Transfer Coefficient Mass Transfer Coefficient |
| 92 | Analogy Between Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Analogy Between Convective Heat and Mass Transfer |
| 95 | Lewis Relation Lewis Relation |
| 96 | Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer Between Water-Wetted Surfaces and Air Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer Between Water-Wetted Surfaces and Air Enthalpy Potential Enthalpy Potential Basic Equations for Direct-Contact Equipment Basic Equations for Direct-Contact Equipment |
| 98 | Air Washers Air Washers |
| 99 | Cooling Towers Cooling Towers Cooling and Dehumidifying Coils Cooling and Dehumidifying Coils |
| 100 | Symbols Symbols |
| 101 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 102 | F05pCh06 F05pCh06 Composition of Dry and Moist Air Composition of Dry and Moist Air U.S. Standard Atmosphere U.S. Standard Atmosphere |
| 103 | Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation Humidity Parameters Humidity Parameters Basic Parameters Basic Parameters |
| 113 | Humidity Parameters Involving Saturation Humidity Parameters Involving Saturation Perfect Gas Relationships for Dry and Moist Air Perfect Gas Relationships for Dry and Moist Air |
| 114 | Thermodynamic Wet-Bulb and Dew-Point Temperature Thermodynamic Wet-Bulb and Dew-Point Temperature Numerical Calculation of Moist Air Properties Numerical Calculation of Moist Air Properties |
| 115 | Moist Air Property Tables for Standard Pressure Moist Air Property Tables for Standard Pressure Psychrometric Charts Psychrometric Charts |
| 117 | Typical Air-Conditioning Processes Typical Air-Conditioning Processes Moist Air Sensible Heating or Cooling Moist Air Sensible Heating or Cooling Moist Air Cooling and Dehumidification Moist Air Cooling and Dehumidification Adiabatic Mixing of Two Moist Airstreams Adiabatic Mixing of Two Moist Airstreams |
| 118 | Adiabatic Mixing of Water Injected into Moist Air Adiabatic Mixing of Water Injected into Moist Air Schematic Showing Injection of Water into Moist Air Schematic Showing Injection of Water into Moist Air |
| 119 | Space Heat Absorption and Moist Air Moisture Gains Space Heat Absorption and Moist Air Moisture Gains |
| 120 | Transport Properties of Moist Air Transport Properties of Moist Air Viscosity of Moist Air Viscosity of Moist Air References for Air , Water , and Steam Properties References for Air , Water , and Steam Properties |
| 121 | Symbols Symbols References References |
| 122 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 123 | F05pCh07 F05pCh07 Acoustical Design Objective Acoustical Design Objective Characteristics of Sound Characteristics of Sound Levels Levels Sound Pressure and Sound Pressure Level Sound Pressure and Sound Pressure Level |
| 124 | Frequency Frequency Speed Speed Wavelength Wavelength Sound Power and Sound Power Level Sound Power and Sound Power Level |
| 125 | Sound Intensity and Sound Intensity Level Sound Intensity and Sound Intensity Level Combining Sound Levels Combining Sound Levels Resonances Resonances Absorption and Reflection of Sound Absorption and Reflection of Sound |
| 126 | Room Acoustics Room Acoustics Acoustic Impedance Acoustic Impedance Measuring Sound Measuring Sound Instrumentation Instrumentation Time Averaging Time Averaging Spectra and Analysis Bandwidths Spectra and Analysis Bandwidths |
| 127 | Sound Measurement Basics Sound Measurement Basics |
| 129 | Measurement of Room Sound Pressure Level Measurement of Room Sound Pressure Level Measurement of Acoustic Intensity Measurement of Acoustic Intensity Determining Sound Power Determining Sound Power Free-Field Method Free-Field Method Reverberation Room Method Reverberation Room Method |
| 130 | Progressive Wave (In-Duct) Method Progressive Wave (In-Duct) Method Sound Intensity Method Sound Intensity Method Measurement Bandwidths for Sound Power Measurement Bandwidths for Sound Power Converting from Sound Power to Sound Pressure Converting from Sound Power to Sound Pressure |
| 131 | Sound Transmission Paths Sound Transmission Paths Spreading Losses Spreading Losses Direct Versus Reverberant Fields Direct Versus Reverberant Fields Airborne Transmission Airborne Transmission |
| 132 | Ductborne Transmission Ductborne Transmission Room-to-Room Transmission Room-to-Room Transmission Structureborne Transmission Structureborne Transmission Flanking Transmission Flanking Transmission Typical Sources of Sound Typical Sources of Sound Source Strength Source Strength Directivity of Sources Directivity of Sources Acoustic Nearfield Acoustic Nearfield |
| 133 | Controlling Sound Controlling Sound Terminology Terminology Enclosures and Barriers Enclosures and Barriers Partitions Partitions |
| 135 | Sound Attenuation in Ducts and Plenums Sound Attenuation in Ducts and Plenums Standards for Testing Duct Silencers Standards for Testing Duct Silencers System Effects System Effects |
| 136 | Human Response to Sound Human Response to Sound Noise Noise Predicting Human Response to Sound Predicting Human Response to Sound Sound Quality Sound Quality Loudness Loudness |
| 137 | Acceptable Frequency Spectrum Acceptable Frequency Spectrum Sound Rating Systems and Acoustical Design Goals Sound Rating Systems and Acoustical Design Goals |
| 138 | A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA) A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA) Noise Criteria (NC) Method Noise Criteria (NC) Method Balanced Noise Criteria (NCB) Method Balanced Noise Criteria (NCB) Method |
| 139 | Room Criterion (RC) Method Room Criterion (RC) Method Room Criteria (RC) Mark II Method Room Criteria (RC) Mark II Method |
| 140 | Procedure for Determining the RC Mark II Rating for a System Procedure for Determining the RC Mark II Rating for a System Estimating Occupant Satisfaction Using QAI Estimating Occupant Satisfaction Using QAI |
| 141 | Criteria Selection Guidelines Criteria Selection Guidelines Fundamentals of Vibration Fundamentals of Vibration Mechanical Impedance Mechanical Impedance Single-Degree-of-Freedom Model Single-Degree-of-Freedom Model |
| 142 | Two-Degree-of-Freedom Model Two-Degree-of-Freedom Model |
| 143 | Vibration Measurement Basics Vibration Measurement Basics Symbols Symbols References References |
| 144 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 145 | F05pCh08 F05pCh08 Human Thermoregulation Human Thermoregulation |
| 146 | Energy Balance Energy Balance Thermal Exchanges with the Environment Thermal Exchanges with the Environment |
| 147 | Body Surface Area Body Surface Area Sensible Heat Loss from Skin Sensible Heat Loss from Skin Evaporative Heat Loss from Skin Evaporative Heat Loss from Skin |
| 148 | Respiratory Losses Respiratory Losses Alternative Formulations Alternative Formulations |
| 149 | Total Skin Heat Loss Total Skin Heat Loss |
| 150 | Engineering Data and Measurements Engineering Data and Measurements Metabolic Rate and Mechanical Efficiency Metabolic Rate and Mechanical Efficiency |
| 151 | Heat Transfer Coefficients Heat Transfer Coefficients |
| 152 | Clothing Insulation and Permeation Efficiency Clothing Insulation and Permeation Efficiency |
| 154 | Total Evaporative Heat Loss Total Evaporative Heat Loss Environmental Parameters Environmental Parameters |
| 155 | Conditions for Thermal Comfort Conditions for Thermal Comfort |
| 156 | Thermal Complaints Thermal Complaints |
| 157 | Thermal Nonuniform Conditions and Local Discomfort Thermal Nonuniform Conditions and Local Discomfort Asymmetric Thermal Radiation Asymmetric Thermal Radiation Draft Draft |
| 158 | Vertical Air Temperature Difference Vertical Air Temperature Difference |
| 159 | Warm or Cold Floors Warm or Cold Floors Secondary Factors Affecting Comfort Secondary Factors Affecting Comfort Day-to-Day Variations Day-to-Day Variations Age Age Adaptation Adaptation |
| 160 | Sex Sex Seasonal and Circadian Rhythms Seasonal and Circadian Rhythms Prediction of Thermal Comfort Prediction of Thermal Comfort Steady-State Energy Balance Steady-State Energy Balance |
| 161 | Two-Node Model Two-Node Model |
| 162 | Adaptive Models Adaptive Models |
| 163 | Zones of Comfort and Discomfort Zones of Comfort and Discomfort Environmental Indices Environmental Indices Effective Temperature Effective Temperature |
| 164 | Humid Operative Temperature Humid Operative Temperature Heat Stress Index Heat Stress Index Index of Skin Wettedness Index of Skin Wettedness Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature |
| 165 | Wet-Globe Temperature Wet-Globe Temperature Wind Chill Index Wind Chill Index |
| 166 | Special Environments Special Environments Infrared Heating Infrared Heating |
| 167 | Comfort Equations for Radiant Heating Comfort Equations for Radiant Heating |
| 168 | Hot and Humid Environments Hot and Humid Environments |
| 169 | Extremely Cold Environments Extremely Cold Environments |
| 170 | Symbols Symbols |
| 171 | Codes and Standards Codes and Standards References References |
| 173 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 174 | F05pCh09 F05pCh09 Background Background |
| 175 | Descriptions of Selected Health Sciences Descriptions of Selected Health Sciences Cellular Biology Cellular Biology Epidemiology and Biostatistics Epidemiology and Biostatistics |
| 176 | Genetics Genetics Industrial Hygiene Industrial Hygiene Microbiology/Mycology Microbiology/Mycology Molecular Biology Molecular Biology Toxicology Toxicology Hazard Recognition, Evaluation, and Control Hazard Recognition, Evaluation, and Control |
| 177 | Hazard Control Hazard Control Airborne Contaminants Airborne Contaminants Particles Particles Units of Measurement Units of Measurement Industrial Environments Industrial Environments General Health Effects of Exposure General Health Effects of Exposure Dusts Dusts |
| 178 | Health Effects of Industrial Exposures Health Effects of Industrial Exposures Synthetic Vitreous Fibers Synthetic Vitreous Fibers |
| 179 | Combustion Nuclei Combustion Nuclei Particles in Nonindustrial Environments Particles in Nonindustrial Environments Bioaerosols Bioaerosols Sources Sources |
| 180 | Health Effects Health Effects |
| 181 | Guidelines Guidelines Gaseous Contaminants Gaseous Contaminants Industrial Environments Industrial Environments Nonindustrial Environments Nonindustrial Environments Health Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds Health Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds |
| 182 | Standards for Volatile Organic Compounds Standards for Volatile Organic Compounds |
| 183 | Health Effects of Refrigerants Health Effects of Refrigerants Health Effects of Inorganic Gases Health Effects of Inorganic Gases Standards for Inorganic Gases Standards for Inorganic Gases |
| 184 | Physical Agents Physical Agents Thermal Environment Thermal Environment Range of Healthy Living Conditions Range of Healthy Living Conditions Hypothermia Hypothermia Hyperthermia Hyperthermia |
| 185 | Seasonal Patterns Seasonal Patterns Increased Deaths in Heat Waves Increased Deaths in Heat Waves Effects of Thermal Environment on Specific Diseases Effects of Thermal Environment on Specific Diseases |
| 186 | Injury from Hot and Cold Surfaces Injury from Hot and Cold Surfaces Electrical Hazards Electrical Hazards Mechanical Energies Mechanical Energies Vibration Vibration |
| 187 | Standard Limits Standard Limits |
| 188 | Sound and Noise Sound and Noise Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic Radiation Ionizing Radiation Ionizing Radiation |
| 189 | Nonionizing Radiation Nonionizing Radiation |
| 190 | Ergonomics Ergonomics References References |
| 194 | F05pCh10 F05pCh10 Animals Animals |
| 195 | Animal Care/Welfare Animal Care/Welfare Physiological Control Systems Physiological Control Systems Heat Production Heat Production |
| 196 | Heat Transfer to Environment Heat Transfer to Environment Cyclic Conditions Cyclic Conditions |
| 197 | Air Composition and Contaminants Air Composition and Contaminants |
| 198 | Principles for Air Contaminant Control Principles for Air Contaminant Control Source Suppression Source Suppression Air Cleaning Air Cleaning Ventilation Requirement Ventilation Requirement |
| 199 | Ventilation Effectiveness Ventilation Effectiveness |
| 200 | Interactive Stressors Interactive Stressors Comparing Individual Animal and Room Heat Production Data Comparing Individual Animal and Room Heat Production Data Influence of Genetic Change and Breed on Heat Production Influence of Genetic Change and Breed on Heat Production Cattle Cattle Growth Growth |
| 201 | Lactation Lactation Reproduction Reproduction Heat and Moisture Production Heat and Moisture Production |
| 202 | Sheep Sheep Growth Growth |
| 203 | Wool Production Wool Production Reproduction Reproduction Heat Production Heat Production Swine Swine Growth Growth |
| 204 | Reproduction Reproduction Heat and Moisture Production Heat and Moisture Production |
| 205 | Chickens Chickens Growth Growth Reproduction Reproduction Heat and Moisture Production Heat and Moisture Production |
| 206 | Turkeys Turkeys Growth Growth Reproduction Reproduction |
| 207 | Heat and Moisture Production Heat and Moisture Production Laboratory Animals Laboratory Animals Heat and Moisture Production Heat and Moisture Production |
| 208 | Plants: Greenhouses, Growth Chambers, and Other Facilities Plants: Greenhouses, Growth Chambers, and Other Facilities Temperature Temperature Plant Requirements Plant Requirements Heating Greenhouses Heating Greenhouses Energy Balance Energy Balance |
| 210 | Light and Radiation Light and Radiation Plant Requirements Plant Requirements |
| 211 | Radiation Levels for Plant Growth Radiation Levels for Plant Growth |
| 212 | Photoperiod Photoperiod Relative Humidity Relative Humidity |
| 213 | Air Composition Air Composition Pollutants Pollutants Air Movement Air Movement References References |
| 215 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 216 | F05pCh11 F05pCh11 Factors Determining Safe Storage Factors Determining Safe Storage Moisture Content Moisture Content |
| 217 | Moisture Transfer Moisture Transfer |
| 218 | Temperature Temperature Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Grain Condition Grain Condition Equilibrium Moisture Equilibrium Moisture |
| 220 | Moisture Measurement Moisture Measurement |
| 221 | Direct Methods Direct Methods Indirect Methods Indirect Methods Prevention of Deterioration Prevention of Deterioration Fungal Growth and Mycotoxins Fungal Growth and Mycotoxins |
| 223 | Insect Infestation Insect Infestation Rodents Rodents Drying Theory Drying Theory |
| 224 | Thin Layer Drying Thin Layer Drying Airflow Resistance Airflow Resistance |
| 225 | Analysis of Deep Bed Drying Analysis of Deep Bed Drying |
| 226 | Aeration of Grain Aeration of Grain Drying Specific Crops Drying Specific Crops Hay Hay |
| 227 | Grain Grain Corn Corn Cotton Cotton |
| 228 | Peanuts Peanuts Rice Rice Soybean, Sunflower, and Edible Beans Soybean, Sunflower, and Edible Beans Wheat and Barley Wheat and Barley |
| 229 | Tobacco (Curing) Tobacco (Curing) References References |
| 234 | F05pCh12 F05pCh12 Classes of Air Contaminants Classes of Air Contaminants |
| 235 | Particulate Contaminants Particulate Contaminants Particulate Matter Particulate Matter Solid Particles Solid Particles Liquid Particles Liquid Particles Complex Particles Complex Particles Sizes of Airborne Particles Sizes of Airborne Particles |
| 237 | Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution Units of Measurement Units of Measurement |
| 238 | Measurement of Airborne Particles Measurement of Airborne Particles Typical Particle Levels Typical Particle Levels Bioaerosols Bioaerosols |
| 239 | Units of Measurement Units of Measurement |
| 240 | Sampling Sampling Control Control |
| 241 | Gaseous Contaminants Gaseous Contaminants Harmful Effects of Gaseous Contaminants Harmful Effects of Gaseous Contaminants |
| 242 | Units of Measurement Units of Measurement Measurement of Gaseous Contaminants Measurement of Gaseous Contaminants |
| 243 | Volatile Organic Compounds Volatile Organic Compounds |
| 246 | Controlling Exposure to VOCs Controlling Exposure to VOCs Inorganic Gases Inorganic Gases |
| 247 | Controlling Exposures to Inorganic Gases Controlling Exposures to Inorganic Gases Air Contaminants by Source Air Contaminants by Source |
| 248 | Outdoor Air Contaminants Outdoor Air Contaminants Industrial Air Contaminants Industrial Air Contaminants NonIndustrial Indoor Air Contaminants NonIndustrial Indoor Air Contaminants |
| 250 | Flammable Gases and Vapors Flammable Gases and Vapors |
| 251 | Combustible Dusts Combustible Dusts Radioactive Air Contaminants Radioactive Air Contaminants Radon Radon |
| 252 | Soil Gases Soil Gases References References |
| 255 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 256 | F05pCh13 F05pCh13 Odor Sources Odor Sources Sense of Smell Sense of Smell Olfactory Stimuli Olfactory Stimuli |
| 257 | Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy and Physiology Olfactory Acuity Olfactory Acuity Factors Affecting Odor Perception Factors Affecting Odor Perception Humidity and Temperature Humidity and Temperature Sorption and Release of Odors Sorption and Release of Odors Emotional Responses to Odors Emotional Responses to Odors |
| 258 | Odor Sensation Attributes Odor Sensation Attributes Detectability Detectability Intensity Intensity |
| 260 | Character Character Hedonics Hedonics Dilution of Odors by Ventilation Dilution of Odors by Ventilation Odor Concentration Odor Concentration Analytical Measurement Analytical Measurement Odor Units Odor Units |
| 261 | Olf Units Olf Units |
| 262 | References References |
| 263 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 264 | F05pCh14 F05pCh14 Terminology Terminology |
| 266 | Uncertainty Analysis Uncertainty Analysis Uncertainty Sources Uncertainty Sources Uncertainty of a Measured Variable Uncertainty of a Measured Variable |
| 267 | Temperature Measurement Temperature Measurement Sampling and Averaging Sampling and Averaging Static Temperature Versus Total Temperature Static Temperature Versus Total Temperature Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers Sources of Thermometer Errors Sources of Thermometer Errors |
| 268 | Resistance Thermometers Resistance Thermometers |
| 269 | Resistance Temperature Devices Resistance Temperature Devices Thermistors Thermistors |
| 270 | Semiconductor Devices Semiconductor Devices Thermocouples Thermocouples |
| 271 | Wire Diameter and Composition Wire Diameter and Composition Multiple Thermocouples Multiple Thermocouples Surface Temperature Measurement Surface Temperature Measurement Thermocouple Construction Thermocouple Construction |
| 272 | Optical Pyrometry Optical Pyrometry Infrared Radiation Thermometers Infrared Radiation Thermometers |
| 273 | Infrared Thermography Infrared Thermography Humidity Measurement Humidity Measurement Psychrometers Psychrometers Dew-Point Hygrometers Dew-Point Hygrometers Condensation Dew-Point Hygrometers Condensation Dew-Point Hygrometers |
| 274 | Salt-Phase Heated Hygrometers Salt-Phase Heated Hygrometers Mechanical Hygrometers Mechanical Hygrometers |
| 275 | Electrical Impedance and Capacitance Hygrometers Electrical Impedance and Capacitance Hygrometers Dunmore Hygrometers Dunmore Hygrometers Polymer Film Electronic Hygrometers Polymer Film Electronic Hygrometers Ion Exchange Resin Electric Hygrometers Ion Exchange Resin Electric Hygrometers Impedance-Based Porous Ceramic Electronic Hygrometers Impedance-Based Porous Ceramic Electronic Hygrometers Aluminum Oxide Capacitive Sensor Aluminum Oxide Capacitive Sensor Electrolytic Hygrometers Electrolytic Hygrometers Piezoelectric Sorption Piezoelectric Sorption Spectroscopic (Radiation Absorption) Hygrometers Spectroscopic (Radiation Absorption) Hygrometers |
| 276 | Gravimetric Hygrometers Gravimetric Hygrometers Calibration Calibration Pressure Measurement Pressure Measurement Units Units Instruments Instruments Pressure Standards Pressure Standards |
| 277 | Mechanical Pressure Gages Mechanical Pressure Gages Electromechanical Transducers Electromechanical Transducers General Considerations General Considerations |
| 278 | Velocity Measurement Velocity Measurement Airborne Tracer Techniques Airborne Tracer Techniques Anemometers Anemometers Deflecting Vane Anemometers Deflecting Vane Anemometers Propeller or Revolving Vane Anemometers Propeller or Revolving Vane Anemometers Cup Anemometers Cup Anemometers Thermal Anemometers Thermal Anemometers |
| 280 | Laser Doppler Velocimeters (or Anemometers) Laser Doppler Velocimeters (or Anemometers) Pitot-Static Tubes Pitot-Static Tubes Measuring Flow in Ducts Measuring Flow in Ducts |
| 281 | Airflow-Measuring Hoods Airflow-Measuring Hoods |
| 282 | Flow Rate Measurement Flow Rate Measurement Flow Measurement Methods Flow Measurement Methods |
| 283 | Venturi, Nozzle, and Orifice Flowmeters Venturi, Nozzle, and Orifice Flowmeters |
| 284 | Variable-Area Flowmeters (Rotameters) Variable-Area Flowmeters (Rotameters) |
| 285 | Positive-Displacement Meters Positive-Displacement Meters Turbine Flowmeters Turbine Flowmeters Air Infiltration, Airtightness, and Outdoor Air Ventilation Rate Measurement Air Infiltration, Airtightness, and Outdoor Air Ventilation Rate Measurement |
| 286 | Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Measurement Carbon Dioxide Measurement Nondispersive Infrared CO2 Detectors Nondispersive Infrared CO2 Detectors Calibration Calibration Applications Applications Amperometric Electrochemical CO2 Detectors Amperometric Electrochemical CO2 Detectors |
| 287 | Photoacoustic CO2 Detectors Photoacoustic CO2 Detectors Open-Cell Sensors Open-Cell Sensors Closed-Cell Sensors Closed-Cell Sensors Potentiometric Electrochemical CO2 Detectors Potentiometric Electrochemical CO2 Detectors Colorimetric Detector Tubes Colorimetric Detector Tubes Laboratory Measurements Laboratory Measurements Electric Measurement Electric Measurement Ammeters Ammeters |
| 289 | Voltmeters Voltmeters Wattmeters Wattmeters Power-Factor Meters Power-Factor Meters Rotative Speed Measurement Rotative Speed Measurement Tachometers Tachometers Stroboscopes Stroboscopes AC Tachometer-Generators AC Tachometer-Generators Sound and Vibration Measurement Sound and Vibration Measurement |
| 290 | Sound Measurement Sound Measurement Microphones Microphones Sound Measurement Systems Sound Measurement Systems Frequency Analysis Frequency Analysis Sound Chambers Sound Chambers Calibration Calibration Vibration Measurement Vibration Measurement |
| 291 | Transducers Transducers Vibration Measurement Systems Vibration Measurement Systems Calibration Calibration Lighting Measurement Lighting Measurement |
| 292 | Thermal Comfort Measurement Thermal Comfort Measurement Clothing and Activity Level Clothing and Activity Level Air Temperature Air Temperature Air Velocity Air Velocity Plane Radiant Temperature Plane Radiant Temperature Mean Radiant Temperature Mean Radiant Temperature Air Humidity Air Humidity |
| 293 | Calculating Thermal Comfort Calculating Thermal Comfort Integrating Instruments Integrating Instruments Moisture Content and Transfer Measurement Moisture Content and Transfer Measurement Sorption Isotherm Sorption Isotherm Vapor Permeability Vapor Permeability |
| 294 | Liquid Diffusivity Liquid Diffusivity Heat Transfer Through Building Materials Heat Transfer Through Building Materials Thermal Conductivity Thermal Conductivity Thermal Conductance and Resistance Thermal Conductance and Resistance Air Contaminant Measurement Air Contaminant Measurement |
| 295 | Combustion Analysis Combustion Analysis Flue Gas Analysis Flue Gas Analysis Data Acquisition and Recording Data Acquisition and Recording Digital Recording Digital Recording |
| 296 | Data-Logging Devices Data-Logging Devices Chart Recorders Chart Recorders Standards Standards |
| 297 | Symbols Symbols References References |
| 299 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 300 | F05pCh15 F05pCh15 Terminology Terminology |
| 301 | Types of Control Action Types of Control Action Two-Position Action Two-Position Action Modulating Control Modulating Control |
| 302 | Combinations of Two-Position and Modulating Combinations of Two-Position and Modulating |
| 303 | Classification by Energy Source Classification by Energy Source Computers for Automatic Control Computers for Automatic Control Control Components Control Components Controlled Devices Controlled Devices Valves Valves |
| 305 | Dampers Dampers |
| 306 | Positive (Pilot) Positioners Positive (Pilot) Positioners Sensors Sensors |
| 307 | Temperature Sensors Temperature Sensors Humidity Sensors Humidity Sensors |
| 308 | Pressure Transmitters and Transducers Pressure Transmitters and Transducers Flow Rate Sensors Flow Rate Sensors Indoor Air Quality Sensors Indoor Air Quality Sensors Lighting Level Sensors Lighting Level Sensors Power Sensing and Transmission Power Sensing and Transmission Controllers Controllers Digital Controllers Digital Controllers |
| 309 | Electric/Electronic Controllers Electric/Electronic Controllers Pneumatic Receiver-Controllers Pneumatic Receiver-Controllers Thermostats Thermostats Auxiliary Control Devices Auxiliary Control Devices |
| 312 | Communication Networks for Building Automation Systems Communication Networks for Building Automation Systems Communication Protocols Communication Protocols OSI Network Model OSI Network Model Network Structure Network Structure |
| 313 | Connections Between BAS Networks and Other Computer Networks Connections Between BAS Networks and Other Computer Networks Transmission Media Transmission Media |
| 314 | Specifying BAS Networks Specifying BAS Networks Specification Method Specification Method Communication Tasks Communication Tasks Approaches to Interoperability Approaches to Interoperability |
| 315 | Standard Protocols Standard Protocols Gateways and Interfaces Gateways and Interfaces Commissioning Commissioning Tuning Tuning Tuning Proportional, PI, and PID Controllers Tuning Proportional, PI, and PID Controllers |
| 316 | Tuning Digital Controllers Tuning Digital Controllers |
| 317 | Computer Modeling of Control Systems Computer Modeling of Control Systems Codes and Standards Codes and Standards References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 318 | F05pCh16 F05pCh16 Flow Patterns Flow Patterns |
| 320 | Wind Pressure on Buildings Wind Pressure on Buildings Local Wind Pressure Coefficients Local Wind Pressure Coefficients |
| 321 | Surface-Averaged Wall Pressures Surface-Averaged Wall Pressures Roof Pressures Roof Pressures |
| 323 | Interference and Shielding Effects on Pressures Interference and Shielding Effects on Pressures Sources of Wind Data Sources of Wind Data |
| 324 | Estimating Wind at Sites Remote from Recording Stations Estimating Wind at Sites Remote from Recording Stations Wind Effects on System Operation Wind Effects on System Operation Natural and Mechanical Ventilation Natural and Mechanical Ventilation |
| 326 | Minimizing Wind Effect on System Volume Minimizing Wind Effect on System Volume Chemical Hood Operation Chemical Hood Operation Building Pressure Balance and Internal Flow Control Building Pressure Balance and Internal Flow Control Pressure Balance Pressure Balance Internal Flow Control Internal Flow Control |
| 327 | Physical and Computational Modeling Physical and Computational Modeling Computational Modeling Computational Modeling Physical Modeling Physical Modeling Similarity Requirements Similarity Requirements Wind Simulation Facilities Wind Simulation Facilities |
| 328 | Designing Model Test Programs Designing Model Test Programs Symbols Symbols References References |
| 329 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 330 | F05pCh17 F05pCh17 Characteristics of Energy and Energy Resource Forms Characteristics of Energy and Energy Resource Forms Forms of On-Site Energy Forms of On-Site Energy Nonrenewable and Renewable Energy Resources Nonrenewable and Renewable Energy Resources Characteristics of Fossil Fuels and Electricity Characteristics of Fossil Fuels and Electricity |
| 331 | Sustainability Sustainability Designing for Effective Energy Resource USE Designing for Effective Energy Resource USE Energy Ethic: Resource Conservation Design Principles Energy Ethic: Resource Conservation Design Principles Energy and Power Energy and Power Simplicity Simplicity Self-Imposed Budgets Self-Imposed Budgets Energy-Efficient Design Energy-Efficient Design |
| 332 | Building Energy Use Elements Building Energy Use Elements Envelope Envelope Lighting Lighting |
| 333 | Other Loads Other Loads HVAC System Design HVAC System Design HVAC Equipment Selection HVAC Equipment Selection Energy Transport Systems Energy Transport Systems |
| 334 | Power Distribution Power Distribution Domestic Hot-Water Systems Domestic Hot-Water Systems Controls Controls On-Site Energy/Energy Resource Relationships On-Site Energy/Energy Resource Relationships Quantifiable Relationships Quantifiable Relationships Intangible Relationships Intangible Relationships |
| 335 | Summary Summary Energy Resource Planning Energy Resource Planning Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) |
| 336 | Tradable Emission Credits Tradable Emission Credits Overview of Global Energy Resources Overview of Global Energy Resources World Energy Resources World Energy Resources Production Production Reserves Reserves |
| 337 | Consumption Consumption |
| 338 | Carbon Emissions Carbon Emissions |
| 339 | U.S. Energy Use U.S. Energy Use Per Capita Energy Consumption Per Capita Energy Consumption Projected Overall Energy Consumption Projected Overall Energy Consumption |
| 340 | Outlook Summary Outlook Summary U.S. Agencies and Associations U.S. Agencies and Associations References References |
| 341 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 342 | F05pCh18 F05pCh18 Principles of Combustion Principles of Combustion Combustion Reactions Combustion Reactions Flammability Limits Flammability Limits |
| 343 | Ignition Temperature Ignition Temperature Combustion Modes Combustion Modes |
| 344 | Heating Value Heating Value Altitude Compensation Altitude Compensation |
| 345 | Fuel Classification Fuel Classification Gaseous Fuels Gaseous Fuels Types and Properties Types and Properties |
| 346 | Liquid Fuels Liquid Fuels Types of Fuel Oils Types of Fuel Oils Characteristics of Fuel Oils Characteristics of Fuel Oils |
| 347 | Types and Properties of Liquid Fuels for Engines Types and Properties of Liquid Fuels for Engines |
| 348 | Solid Fuels Solid Fuels Types of Coals Types of Coals |
| 349 | Characteristics of Coal Characteristics of Coal Combustion Calculations Combustion Calculations |
| 350 | Air Required for Combustion Air Required for Combustion |
| 351 | Theoretical CO2 Theoretical CO2 Quantity of Flue Gas Produced Quantity of Flue Gas Produced |
| 352 | Water Vapor and Dew Point of Flue Gas Water Vapor and Dew Point of Flue Gas |
| 353 | Sample Combustion Calculations Sample Combustion Calculations Efficiency Calculations Efficiency Calculations |
| 354 | Seasonal Efficiency Seasonal Efficiency Combustion Considerations Combustion Considerations Air Pollution Air Pollution |
| 357 | Condensation and Corrosion Condensation and Corrosion Abnormal Combustion Noise in Gas Appliances Abnormal Combustion Noise in Gas Appliances Soot Soot References References |
| 358 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 359 | F05pCh19 F05pCh19 PHASEOUT OF REFRIGERANTS PHASEOUT OF REFRIGERANTS REFRIGERANT PROPERTIES REFRIGERANT PROPERTIES Physical Properties Physical Properties |
| 363 | Electrical Properties Electrical Properties Sound Velocity Sound Velocity |
| 364 | REFRIGERANT PERFORMANCE REFRIGERANT PERFORMANCE |
| 365 | SAFETY SAFETY LEAK DETECTION LEAK DETECTION Electronic Detection Electronic Detection Bubble Method Bubble Method |
| 366 | UV Dye Method UV Dye Method Ammonia Leaks Ammonia Leaks EFFECT ON CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS EFFECT ON CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Metals Metals Elastomers Elastomers |
| 367 | Plastics Plastics References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 368 | F05pCh20 F05pCh20 |
| 439 | References References |
| 443 | F05pCh21 F05pCh21 Brines Brines Physical Properties Physical Properties |
| 446 | Corrosion Inhibition Corrosion Inhibition Inhibited Glycols Inhibited Glycols Physical Properties Physical Properties |
| 447 | Corrosion Inhibition Corrosion Inhibition |
| 452 | Service Considerations Service Considerations |
| 454 | Halocarbons Halocarbons |
| 455 | Nonhalocarbon, Nonaqueous Fluids Nonhalocarbon, Nonaqueous Fluids References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 456 | F05pCh22 F05pCh22 Desiccant Applications Desiccant Applications Desiccant Cycle Desiccant Cycle |
| 458 | Types of Desiccants Types of Desiccants Liquid Absorbents Liquid Absorbents |
| 459 | Solid Adsorbents Solid Adsorbents |
| 460 | Desiccant Isotherms Desiccant Isotherms Desiccant Life Desiccant Life Cosorption of Water Vapor and Indoor Air Contaminants Cosorption of Water Vapor and Indoor Air Contaminants |
| 461 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 462 | F05pCh23 F05pCh23 Terminology and Symbols Terminology and Symbols Heat Heat |
| 463 | Air Air Moisture Moisture Heat Transfer Heat Transfer Steady-State Thermal Response Steady-State Thermal Response Thermal Resistance of a Flat Assembly Thermal Resistance of a Flat Assembly Surface Film Resistances Surface Film Resistances |
| 464 | Heat Flow Across an Air Space Heat Flow Across an Air Space Total Thermal Resistance of a Flat Building Component Total Thermal Resistance of a Flat Building Component |
| 465 | Thermal Transmittance of a Flat Building Component Thermal Transmittance of a Flat Building Component Interface Temperatures in a Flat Building Component Interface Temperatures in a Flat Building Component Heat Flow Through a Flat Building Component Heat Flow Through a Flat Building Component Series and Parallel Heat Flow Paths Series and Parallel Heat Flow Paths Thermal Bridges and Whole-Wall Thermal Transmittance Thermal Bridges and Whole-Wall Thermal Transmittance Transient Thermal Response Transient Thermal Response |
| 466 | Airflow Airflow Moisture Flow Moisture Flow Moisture Problems in Buildings Moisture Problems in Buildings Mold, Dust Mites, and Human Health Mold, Dust Mites, and Human Health Paint Failure and Other Appearance Problems Paint Failure and Other Appearance Problems Structural Failures Structural Failures Effect of Moisture on Heat Flow Effect of Moisture on Heat Flow |
| 467 | Moisture Effect on Heat Storage Moisture Effect on Heat Storage Moisture in Building Materials Moisture in Building Materials |
| 468 | Moisture Flow Mechanisms Moisture Flow Mechanisms Water Vapor Flow by Diffusion Water Vapor Flow by Diffusion Water Vapor Flow by Air Movement Water Vapor Flow by Air Movement Water Flow by Capillary Suction Water Flow by Capillary Suction |
| 469 | Isothermal Moisture Flow Isothermal Moisture Flow Nonisothermal Moisture Flow Nonisothermal Moisture Flow Combined Heat, Air , and Moisture Flow Combined Heat, Air , and Moisture Flow |
| 471 | Simplified Hygrothermal Design Calculations and Analyses Simplified Hygrothermal Design Calculations and Analyses Surface Condensation Surface Condensation Interstitial Condensation and Drying Interstitial Condensation and Drying Dew-Point Methods Dew-Point Methods |
| 475 | Thermal Insulation Materials Thermal Insulation Materials Basic Materials Basic Materials Physical Structure and Form Physical Structure and Form Properties Properties Apparent Thermal Conductivity Apparent Thermal Conductivity |
| 478 | Mechanical Properties Mechanical Properties Health and Safety Health and Safety Acoustics Acoustics Other Properties Other Properties Water Vapor and Airflow Retarders Water Vapor and Airflow Retarders Airflow Retarders Airflow Retarders |
| 479 | Vapor Retarders Vapor Retarders Functions and Properties Functions and Properties |
| 480 | Classifications Classifications References References |
| 482 | Bibliography Bibliography Moisture Content and Heat Flow Moisture Content and Heat Flow |
| 484 | F05pCh24 F05pCh24 General Building Insulation Practice General Building Insulation Practice Wood Frame Construction Wood Frame Construction Cold-Formed Steel Frame Construction Cold-Formed Steel Frame Construction |
| 485 | Heavy Steel Frame Construction Heavy Steel Frame Construction Masonry and Concrete Construction Masonry and Concrete Construction Foundation and Floor Systems Foundation and Floor Systems |
| 486 | Low-Slope Roof Deck Construction Low-Slope Roof Deck Construction Insulation Field Performance Characteristics Insulation Field Performance Characteristics Moisture Control Moisture Control Liquid Water Entry Liquid Water Entry |
| 487 | Water Vapor Migration Water Vapor Migration Air Leakage Control Air Leakage Control Options Options Heating Climates Heating Climates Surface Condensation Surface Condensation Indoor Humidity Control Indoor Humidity Control |
| 488 | Vapor and Airflow Retarders Vapor and Airflow Retarders Attics and Cathedral Ceilings Attics and Cathedral Ceilings |
| 489 | Operating Practices Operating Practices Other Considerations Other Considerations Example of Residential Wall Construction for Heating Climates Example of Residential Wall Construction for Heating Climates |
| 490 | Mixed Climates Mixed Climates Vapor and Airflow Retarders Vapor and Airflow Retarders Attics and Cathedral Ceilings Attics and Cathedral Ceilings Example of Residential Wall Construction for Mixed Climates Example of Residential Wall Construction for Mixed Climates Warm, Humid Climates Warm, Humid Climates |
| 491 | Airflow and Water Vapor Retarders Airflow and Water Vapor Retarders Attics and Cathedral Ceilings Attics and Cathedral Ceilings Other Considerations Other Considerations Operation and Maintenance Operation and Maintenance Example of Residential Wall Construction for Warm, Humid Climates Example of Residential Wall Construction for Warm, Humid Climates |
| 492 | Membrane Roof Systems Membrane Roof Systems Inverted Roof Systems Inverted Roof Systems Self-Drying, Low-Slope Roof Systems Self-Drying, Low-Slope Roof Systems |
| 493 | Foundations Foundations Grading Grading Floor Slab Floor Slab Crawlspaces Crawlspaces Example of Residential Foundation Construction Details Example of Residential Foundation Construction Details |
| 494 | Envelope Component Intersections Envelope Component Intersections |
| 495 | Commercial and Institutional Buildings Commercial and Institutional Buildings |
| 496 | Industrial and Commercial Insulation Practice Industrial and Commercial Insulation Practice Pipes Pipes Securing Methods Securing Methods Insulation Finish for Above-Ambient Temperatures Insulation Finish for Above-Ambient Temperatures Insulation Finish for Below-Ambient Temperatures Insulation Finish for Below-Ambient Temperatures |
| 497 | Surface Temperature Surface Temperature Insulating Pipes to Prevent Freezing Insulating Pipes to Prevent Freezing Underground Pipe Insulation Underground Pipe Insulation |
| 498 | Ducts Ducts Materials for Ducts, Insulations, and Liners Materials for Ducts, Insulations, and Liners Securing Methods Securing Methods Heating Ducts Heating Ducts Cooling Ducts Cooling Ducts References References |
| 499 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 500 | F05pCh25 F05pCh25 Building Envelopes Building Envelopes Thermal Transmission Data for Building Components Thermal Transmission Data for Building Components |
| 501 | Calculating Overall Thermal Resistances Calculating Overall Thermal Resistances Wood Frame Walls Wood Frame Walls |
| 502 | Masonry Walls Masonry Walls |
| 508 | Constructions Containing Metal Constructions Containing Metal |
| 509 | Zone Method of Calculation Zone Method of Calculation |
| 510 | Modified Zone Method for Metal Stud Walls with Insulated Cavities Modified Zone Method for Metal Stud Walls with Insulated Cavities |
| 511 | Ceilings and Roofs Ceilings and Roofs Windows and Doors Windows and Doors Uo Concept Uo Concept |
| 512 | Slab-on-Grade and Below-Grade Construction Slab-on-Grade and Below-Grade Construction Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Soil Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Soil |
| 513 | Water Vapor Transmission Data for Building Components Water Vapor Transmission Data for Building Components Calculating Heat Flow for Buried Pipelines Calculating Heat Flow for Buried Pipelines codes and Standards codes and Standards |
| 514 | References References |
| 518 | F05pCh26 F05pCh26 Design Considerations Design Considerations Energy Conservation Energy Conservation Economic Thickness Economic Thickness |
| 519 | Personnel Protection Personnel Protection Condensation Control Condensation Control Freeze Prevention Freeze Prevention |
| 520 | Noise Control Noise Control |
| 521 | Fire Safety Fire Safety |
| 522 | Corrosion Under Insulation Corrosion Under Insulation |
| 523 | Materials and Systems Materials and Systems Categories of Insulation Materials Categories of Insulation Materials Physical Properties of Insulation Materials Physical Properties of Insulation Materials Weather Protection Weather Protection |
| 525 | Vapor Retarders Vapor Retarders |
| 526 | Installation Installation Pipe Insulation Pipe Insulation |
| 528 | Tanks, Vessels, and Equipment Tanks, Vessels, and Equipment Ducts Ducts |
| 530 | Design Data Design Data Estimating Heat Loss and Gain Estimating Heat Loss and Gain |
| 531 | Controlling Surface Temperatures Controlling Surface Temperatures |
| 533 | Standards Standards |
| 534 | References References |
| 535 | F05pCh27 F05pCh27 Basic Concepts and Terminology Basic Concepts and Terminology Ventilation and Infiltration Ventilation and Infiltration |
| 536 | Forced-Air Distribution Systems Forced-Air Distribution Systems Outside Air Fraction Outside Air Fraction Room Air Movement Room Air Movement |
| 537 | Air Exchange Rate Air Exchange Rate Time Constants Time Constants Averaging Time-Varying Ventilation Averaging Time-Varying Ventilation |
| 538 | Age of Air Age of Air Air Change Effectiveness Air Change Effectiveness |
| 539 | Driving Mechanisms for Ventilation and Infiltration Driving Mechanisms for Ventilation and Infiltration Stack Pressure Stack Pressure Wind Pressure Wind Pressure |
| 540 | Mechanical Systems Mechanical Systems |
| 541 | Combining Driving Forces Combining Driving Forces Neutral Pressure Level Neutral Pressure Level |
| 542 | Thermal Draft Coefficient Thermal Draft Coefficient Commercial and Institutional Ventilation Requirements Commercial and Institutional Ventilation Requirements |
| 543 | Indoor Air Quality Indoor Air Quality Thermal Loads Thermal Loads |
| 544 | Infiltration Degree-Days Infiltration Degree-Days Natural Ventilation Natural Ventilation Natural Ventilation Openings Natural Ventilation Openings Required Flow for Indoor Temperature Control Required Flow for Indoor Temperature Control Airflow Through Large Intentional Openings Airflow Through Large Intentional Openings Flow Caused by Wind Only Flow Caused by Wind Only |
| 545 | Flow Caused by Thermal Forces Only Flow Caused by Thermal Forces Only Natural Ventilation Guidelines Natural Ventilation Guidelines |
| 546 | Residential Air Leakage Residential Air Leakage Envelope Leakage Measurement Envelope Leakage Measurement Airtightness Ratings Airtightness Ratings |
| 547 | Conversion Between Ratings Conversion Between Ratings Building Air Leakage Data Building Air Leakage Data Air Leakage of Building Components Air Leakage of Building Components Leakage Distribution Leakage Distribution |
| 548 | Multifamily Building Leakage Multifamily Building Leakage Controlling Air Leakage Controlling Air Leakage |
| 549 | Safe Havens Safe Havens Residential Ventilation Residential Ventilation |
| 550 | Residential Ventilation Zones Residential Ventilation Zones Shelter in Place Shelter in Place |
| 551 | Safe Havens Safe Havens Residential Ventilation Requirements Residential Ventilation Requirements Source Control Source Control |
| 552 | Local Exhaust Ventilation Local Exhaust Ventilation Whole-House Ventilation Whole-House Ventilation Air Distribution Air Distribution Selection Principles for Ventilation Systems Selection Principles for Ventilation Systems |
| 553 | Selecting a Whole-House Ventilation System Selecting a Whole-House Ventilation System |
| 554 | Simplified Models of Residential Ventilation and Infiltration Simplified Models of Residential Ventilation and Infiltration Empirical Models Empirical Models Multizone Models Multizone Models Single-Zone Models Single-Zone Models Superposition of Wind and Stack Effects Superposition of Wind and Stack Effects |
| 555 | Residential Calculation Examples Residential Calculation Examples |
| 557 | Combining Residential Infiltration and Mechanical Ventilation Combining Residential Infiltration and Mechanical Ventilation Nonresidential Air Leakage Nonresidential Air Leakage Commercial Building Envelope Leakage Commercial Building Envelope Leakage Air Leakage Through Internal Partitions Air Leakage Through Internal Partitions Air Leakage Through Exterior Doors Air Leakage Through Exterior Doors |
| 558 | Air Leakage Through Automatic Doors Air Leakage Through Automatic Doors |
| 559 | Nonresidential Ventilation Nonresidential Ventilation Ventilation Rate Procedure Ventilation Rate Procedure Tracer Gas Measurements Tracer Gas Measurements |
| 560 | Decay or Growth Decay or Growth Constant Concentration Constant Concentration Constant Injection Constant Injection |
| 561 | Multizone Air Exchange Measurement Multizone Air Exchange Measurement Symbols Symbols References References |
| 565 | Bibliography Bibliography Bibliographic Database Bibliographic Database |
| 566 | F05pCh28 F05pCh28 Climatic Design Conditions Climatic Design Conditions |
| 568 | Monthly Design Conditions Monthly Design Conditions Data Sources Data Sources |
| 569 | Calculation of Design Conditions Calculation of Design Conditions Differences With Previously Published Design Conditions Differences With Previously Published Design Conditions |
| 570 | Applicability and Characteristics of Design Conditions Applicability and Characteristics of Design Conditions |
| 571 | Generating Design-Day Data Generating Design-Day Data |
| 572 | Representativeness of Data and Sources of Uncertainty Representativeness of Data and Sources of Uncertainty Representativeness of Data Representativeness of Data Uncertainty from Variation in Length of Record Uncertainty from Variation in Length of Record |
| 573 | Frequency and Duration of Episodes Exceeding the Design Dry-Bulb Temperature Frequency and Duration of Episodes Exceeding the Design Dry-Bulb Temperature |
| 574 | Other Sources of Climatic Information Other Sources of Climatic Information Joint Frequency Tables of Psychrometric Conditions Joint Frequency Tables of Psychrometric Conditions Degree Days and Climate Normals Degree Days and Climate Normals |
| 575 | Typical Year Data Sets Typical Year Data Sets Seasonal Percentiles of Dew-Point Temperature Seasonal Percentiles of Dew-Point Temperature Sequences of Extreme Temperature and Humidity Durations Sequences of Extreme Temperature and Humidity Durations Global Weather Data Source Web Page Global Weather Data Source Web Page Observational Data Sets Observational Data Sets |
| 576 | References References |
| 592 | F05pCh29 F05pCh29 Residential Features Residential Features Calculation Approach Calculation Approach |
| 593 | Other Methods Other Methods Residential Heat Balance (RHB) Method Residential Heat Balance (RHB) Method Residential Load Factor (RLF) Method Residential Load Factor (RLF) Method Common Data and Procedures Common Data and Procedures |
| 594 | General Guidelines General Guidelines Basic Relationships Basic Relationships Design Conditions Design Conditions |
| 595 | Building Data Building Data |
| 596 | Load Components Load Components |
| 599 | Cooling Load Cooling Load Peak Load Computation Peak Load Computation Opaque Surfaces Opaque Surfaces |
| 600 | Slab Floors Slab Floors Transparent Fenestration Surfaces Transparent Fenestration Surfaces |
| 601 | Infiltration and Ventilation Infiltration and Ventilation Internal Gain Internal Gain Air Distribution System-Heat Gain Air Distribution System-Heat Gain Total Latent Load Total Latent Load |
| 602 | Summary of RLF Cooling Load Equations Summary of RLF Cooling Load Equations Heating Load Heating Load Exterior Surfaces Above Grade Exterior Surfaces Above Grade Below-Grade Surfaces Below-Grade Surfaces |
| 603 | On-Grade Surfaces On-Grade Surfaces |
| 604 | Surfaces Adjacent to Buffer Space Surfaces Adjacent to Buffer Space Ventilation and Infiltration Ventilation and Infiltration Humidification Humidification Pickup Load Pickup Load |
| 605 | Summary of Heating Load Procedures Summary of Heating Load Procedures Load Calculation Example Load Calculation Example Solution Solution |
| 607 | Symbols Symbols Subscripts Subscripts |
| 608 | References References |
| 610 | F05pCh30 F05pCh30 Cooling Load Calculation Principles Cooling Load Calculation Principles Terminology Terminology Heat Flow Rates Heat Flow Rates |
| 611 | Time Delay Effect Time Delay Effect Cooling Load Calculation Methods Cooling Load Calculation Methods Cooling Load Calculations in Practice Cooling Load Calculations in Practice Data Assembly Data Assembly |
| 612 | Internal Heat Gains Internal Heat Gains People People Lighting Lighting Instantaneous Heat Gain from Lighting Instantaneous Heat Gain from Lighting |
| 613 | Light Heat Components Light Heat Components Return Air Light Fixtures Return Air Light Fixtures Electric Motors Electric Motors |
| 615 | Overloading or Underloading Overloading or Underloading Radiation and Convection Radiation and Convection Appliances Appliances Cooking Appliances Cooking Appliances |
| 617 | Hospital and Laboratory Equipment Hospital and Laboratory Equipment Office Equipment Office Equipment |
| 621 | Infiltration and Moisture Migration Heat Gains Infiltration and Moisture Migration Heat Gains Infiltration Infiltration Standard Air Volumes Standard Air Volumes |
| 622 | Heat Gain Calculations Using Standard Air Values Heat Gain Calculations Using Standard Air Values Latent Heat Gain from Moisture Diffusion Latent Heat Gain from Moisture Diffusion Other Latent Loads Other Latent Loads Fenestration Heat Gain Fenestration Heat Gain |
| 623 | Fenestration Direct Solar , Diffuse Solar , and Conductive Heat Gains Fenestration Direct Solar , Diffuse Solar , and Conductive Heat Gains Exterior Shading Exterior Shading |
| 624 | Heat Balance Method Heat Balance Method Assumptions Assumptions Elements Elements Outside-Face Heat Balance Outside-Face Heat Balance Wall Conduction Process Wall Conduction Process |
| 625 | Inside-Face Heat Balance Inside-Face Heat Balance Using SHGC to Calculate Solar Heat Gain Using SHGC to Calculate Solar Heat Gain |
| 627 | Air Heat Balance Air Heat Balance General Zone for Load Calculation General Zone for Load Calculation Mathematical Description Mathematical Description Conduction Process Conduction Process |
| 628 | Heat Balance Equations Heat Balance Equations Overall HB Iterative Solution Overall HB Iterative Solution Input Required Input Required |
| 629 | Radiant Time Series (RTS) Method Radiant Time Series (RTS) Method Assumptions and Principles Assumptions and Principles Overview Overview |
| 631 | RTS Procedure RTS Procedure Heat Gain Through Exterior Surfaces Heat Gain Through Exterior Surfaces Sol-Air Temperature Sol-Air Temperature Calculating Conductive Heat Gain Using Conduction Time Series Calculating Conductive Heat Gain Using Conduction Time Series |
| 632 | Heat Gain Through Interior Surfaces Heat Gain Through Interior Surfaces Floors Floors Calculating Cooling Load Calculating Cooling Load |
| 635 | Heating Load Calculations Heating Load Calculations |
| 638 | Heating Safety Factors and Load Allowances Heating Safety Factors and Load Allowances Cooling Needs During Noncooling Months Cooling Needs During Noncooling Months Other Heating Considerations Other Heating Considerations System Heating and Cooling Load Effects System Heating and Cooling Load Effects Zoning Zoning |
| 639 | Ventilation Ventilation Air Heat Transport Systems Air Heat Transport Systems On/Off Systems On/Off Systems Variable-Volume Systems Variable-Volume Systems Constant-Volume Reheat Systems Constant-Volume Reheat Systems Mixed Air Systems Mixed Air Systems Heat Gain from Fans Heat Gain from Fans |
| 640 | Duct Surface Heat Transfer Duct Surface Heat Transfer Duct Leakage Duct Leakage Ceiling Return Air Plenum Temperatures Ceiling Return Air Plenum Temperatures |
| 641 | Plenum Distribution Systems Plenum Distribution Systems Central Plant Central Plant Piping Piping Pumps Pumps Example Cooling and Heating Load Calculations Example Cooling and Heating Load Calculations Single-Room Example Single-Room Example Room Characteristics Room Characteristics |
| 642 | Cooling Loads Using RTS Method Cooling Loads Using RTS Method |
| 650 | Single-Room Example Peak Heating Load Single-Room Example Peak Heating Load |
| 651 | Whole-Building Example Whole-Building Example Design Process and Shell Building Definition Design Process and Shell Building Definition |
| 653 | Tenant Fit Design Process and Definition Tenant Fit Design Process and Definition |
| 654 | Room by Room Cooling and Heating Loads Room by Room Cooling and Heating Loads Conclusions Conclusions Previous Cooling Load Calculation Methods Previous Cooling Load Calculation Methods |
| 659 | References References |
| 660 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 662 | Building Example Drawings Building Example Drawings |
| 670 | F05pCh31 F05pCh31 Fenestration Components Fenestration Components Glazing Glazing Insulating Glazing Units Insulating Glazing Units |
| 671 | Framing Framing Shading Shading |
| 672 | Determining Fenestration Energy Flow Determining Fenestration Energy Flow |
| 673 | U-Factor (Thermal Transmittance) U-Factor (Thermal Transmittance) Determining Fenestration U-Factors Determining Fenestration U-Factors Center-of-Glass U-Factor Center-of-Glass U-Factor |
| 674 | Edge-of-Glass U-Factor Edge-of-Glass U-Factor Frame U-Factor Frame U-Factor Curtain Wall Construction Curtain Wall Construction Indoor and Outdoor Surface Heat Transfer Coefficients Indoor and Outdoor Surface Heat Transfer Coefficients |
| 675 | Representative U-Factors for Fenestration Products Representative U-Factors for Fenestration Products |
| 680 | Representative U-Factors for Doors Representative U-Factors for Doors |
| 681 | Examples Examples |
| 682 | Solar Heat Gain and Visible Transmittance Solar Heat Gain and Visible Transmittance Determining Incident Solar Flux Determining Incident Solar Flux Solar Radiation Solar Radiation |
| 684 | Determining Solar Angle Determining Solar Angle |
| 685 | Direct Normal Irradiance Direct Normal Irradiance Diffuse and Ground-Reflected Radiation Diffuse and Ground-Reflected Radiation |
| 686 | Thermal Infrared Radiation Thermal Infrared Radiation Optical Properties Optical Properties Angular Dependence Angular Dependence |
| 687 | Spectral Dependence Spectral Dependence Solar-Optical Properties of Glazing Solar-Optical Properties of Glazing |
| 688 | Angular Dependence of Glazing Optical Properties Angular Dependence of Glazing Optical Properties |
| 689 | Optical Properties of Single Glazing Layers Optical Properties of Single Glazing Layers |
| 690 | Uncoated Glazings Uncoated Glazings ASHRAE “Standard” Glass ASHRAE “Standard” Glass Determining the Properties of Uncoated Glazing Layers from Normal Incidence Measurements Determining the Properties of Uncoated Glazing Layers from Normal Incidence Measurements |
| 691 | Coated Glazings Coated Glazings |
| 692 | Optical Properties of Multiple-Layer Glazing Systems Optical Properties of Multiple-Layer Glazing Systems |
| 693 | Spectral Averaging of Glazing Properties Spectral Averaging of Glazing Properties |
| 694 | Angular Averaging of Glazing Properties Angular Averaging of Glazing Properties |
| 703 | Spectrally Selective Glazing Spectrally Selective Glazing |
| 705 | Solar Heat Gain Coefficient Solar Heat Gain Coefficient Calculation of Solar Heat Gain Coefficient Calculation of Solar Heat Gain Coefficient |
| 706 | Diffuse Radiation Diffuse Radiation Solar Gain Through Frame and Other Opaque Elements Solar Gain Through Frame and Other Opaque Elements |
| 707 | Shading Coefficient: Historical Perspective Shading Coefficient: Historical Perspective |
| 708 | Solar Heat Gain Coefficient, Visible Transmittance, and Spectrally Averaged Solar-Optical Property Values Solar Heat Gain Coefficient, Visible Transmittance, and Spectrally Averaged Solar-Optical Property Values Passive Solar Gain Passive Solar Gain Solar Gain Rejection and Internal-Load- Dominated Buildings Solar Gain Rejection and Internal-Load- Dominated Buildings Airflow Windows Airflow Windows |
| 709 | Skylights Skylights Glass Block Walls Glass Block Walls |
| 710 | Plastic Materials for Glazing Plastic Materials for Glazing Calculation of Solar Heat Gain Calculation of Solar Heat Gain Opaque Fenestration Elements Opaque Fenestration Elements Glazing Systems Glazing Systems |
| 711 | Shading Devices and Fenestration Attachments Shading Devices and Fenestration Attachments Generalized Calculation Procedure for Shading Devices and Fenestration Attachments Generalized Calculation Procedure for Shading Devices and Fenestration Attachments |
| 712 | Solar-Thermal Separation Solar-Thermal Separation Calculating System Transmittance and Absorptances from Layer Properties Calculating System Transmittance and Absorptances from Layer Properties |
| 713 | Simplified Calculation Procedure Simplified Calculation Procedure Exterior Shading Exterior Shading |
| 714 | Louvers and Sunshades Louvers and Sunshades Roof Overhangs: Horizontal and Vertical Projections Roof Overhangs: Horizontal and Vertical Projections |
| 715 | Equations for Computer Calculations of External Shadowing of Inclined Surfaces Equations for Computer Calculations of External Shadowing of Inclined Surfaces |
| 716 | Indoor and Between-Glass Shading Devices on Simple Fenestrations Indoor and Between-Glass Shading Devices on Simple Fenestrations Venetian Blinds and Roller Shades Venetian Blinds and Roller Shades Draperies Draperies |
| 718 | Completely Shaded Glazings Completely Shaded Glazings |
| 720 | Exterior Shading by Overhangs, Fins, etc. Exterior Shading by Overhangs, Fins, etc. Exterior Shading Layer Exterior Shading Layer Between-Glass Shading Layer Between-Glass Shading Layer |
| 721 | Interior Shading Layer Interior Shading Layer |
| 722 | Visual and Thermal Controls Visual and Thermal Controls |
| 723 | Operational Effectiveness of Shading Devices Operational Effectiveness of Shading Devices Indoor Shading Devices Indoor Shading Devices |
| 724 | Double Drapery Double Drapery Air Leakage Air Leakage Infiltration Through Fenestration Infiltration Through Fenestration |
| 725 | Indoor Air Movement Indoor Air Movement Daylighting Daylighting Daylight Prediction Daylight Prediction |
| 726 | Light Transmittance and Daylight Use Light Transmittance and Daylight Use |
| 728 | Selecting Fenestration Selecting Fenestration Annual Energy Performance Annual Energy Performance Simplified Techniques for Rough Estimates of Fenestration Annual Energy Performance Simplified Techniques for Rough Estimates of Fenestration Annual Energy Performance |
| 729 | Simplified Residential Annual Energy Performance Ratings Simplified Residential Annual Energy Performance Ratings Condensation Resistance Condensation Resistance |
| 731 | Occupant Comfort and Acceptance Occupant Comfort and Acceptance |
| 732 | Sound Reduction Sound Reduction Strength and Safety Strength and Safety Life-Cycle Costs Life-Cycle Costs Durability Durability |
| 733 | Supply and Exhaust Airflow Windows Supply and Exhaust Airflow Windows Codes and Standards Codes and Standards |
| 734 | Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Symbols Symbols |
| 735 | References References |
| 737 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 739 | F05pCh32 F05pCh32 General Considerations General Considerations Models and Approaches Models and Approaches Characteristics of Models Characteristics of Models Forward Models Forward Models |
| 740 | Data-Driven Models Data-Driven Models |
| 741 | Choosing an Analysis Method Choosing an Analysis Method Selecting Energy Analysis Computer Programs Selecting Energy Analysis Computer Programs Tools for Energy Analysis Tools for Energy Analysis Component Modeling and Loads Component Modeling and Loads Calculating Space Sensible Loads Calculating Space Sensible Loads |
| 742 | Heat Balance Method Heat Balance Method |
| 743 | Weighting-Factor Method Weighting-Factor Method |
| 744 | Normalized Coefficients of Space Air Transfer Functions Normalized Coefficients of Space Air Transfer Functions Thermal-Network Methods Thermal-Network Methods |
| 745 | Ground Heat Transfer Ground Heat Transfer Simplified Calculation Method for Slab Foundations and Basements Simplified Calculation Method for Slab Foundations and Basements |
| 747 | Secondary System Components Secondary System Components Fans, Pumps, and Distribution Systems Fans, Pumps, and Distribution Systems |
| 748 | Heat and Mass Transfer Components Heat and Mass Transfer Components |
| 749 | Application to Cooling and Dehumidifying Coils Application to Cooling and Dehumidifying Coils |
| 750 | Primary System Components Primary System Components Modeling Strategies Modeling Strategies |
| 752 | Boiler Model Boiler Model |
| 753 | Vapor Compression Chiller Models Vapor Compression Chiller Models |
| 755 | Cooling Tower Model Cooling Tower Model System Modeling System Modeling Overall Modeling Strategies Overall Modeling Strategies Degree-Day and Bin Methods Degree-Day and Bin Methods |
| 756 | Balance Point Temperature Balance Point Temperature Annual Degree-Day Method Annual Degree-Day Method |
| 758 | Monthly Degree-Days Monthly Degree-Days Bin Method Bin Method |
| 760 | Correlation Methods Correlation Methods |
| 761 | Simulating Secondary and Primary Systems Simulating Secondary and Primary Systems Modeling of System Controls Modeling of System Controls Integration of System Models Integration of System Models |
| 762 | Data-Driven Modeling Data-Driven Modeling Categories of Data-Driven Methods Categories of Data-Driven Methods Empirical or “Black-Box” Approach Empirical or “Black-Box” Approach |
| 763 | Calibrated Simulation Approach Calibrated Simulation Approach Gray-Box Approach Gray-Box Approach Types of Data-Driven Models Types of Data-Driven Models Steady-State Models Steady-State Models |
| 767 | Dynamic Models Dynamic Models |
| 768 | Examples Using Data-Driven Methods Examples Using Data-Driven Methods Modeling Utility Bill Data Modeling Utility Bill Data Neural Network Models Neural Network Models |
| 769 | Model Selection Model Selection MODEL VALIDATION AND TESTING MODEL VALIDATION AND TESTING |
| 770 | Methodological Basis Methodological Basis External Error Types External Error Types Internal Error Types Internal Error Types |
| 771 | Summary of Previous Testing and Validation Work Summary of Previous Testing and Validation Work References References |
| 775 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 778 | F05pCh33 F05pCh33 Terminology Terminology Principles of Jet Behavior Principles of Jet Behavior Air Jet Classification Air Jet Classification |
| 779 | Isothermal Jets Isothermal Jets |
| 783 | Isothermal Radial Flow Jets Isothermal Radial Flow Jets Nonisothermal Jets Nonisothermal Jets Surface Jets (Wall and Ceiling) Surface Jets (Wall and Ceiling) Multiple Jets Multiple Jets Airflow in Occupied Zone Airflow in Occupied Zone |
| 784 | Room Air Diffusion Methods Room Air Diffusion Methods Mixing Systems Mixing Systems Outlet Classification and Performance Outlet Classification and Performance |
| 786 | Factors Affecting Outlet Performance Factors Affecting Outlet Performance |
| 787 | Displacement Ventilation Displacement Ventilation |
| 788 | Supply Air Temperature, Thermal Comfort Considerations, and Cooling Capacity Supply Air Temperature, Thermal Comfort Considerations, and Cooling Capacity Design Design Displacement Ventilation and Heating Displacement Ventilation and Heating |
| 789 | Unidirectional Airflow Ventilation Unidirectional Airflow Ventilation Underfloor Air Distribution and Task/Ambient Conditioning Underfloor Air Distribution and Task/Ambient Conditioning Task/Ambient Conditioning (TAC) Task/Ambient Conditioning (TAC) Methods of Evaluation Methods of Evaluation Standards for Satisfactory Conditions Standards for Satisfactory Conditions |
| 790 | Air Diffusion Performance Index (ADPI) Air Diffusion Performance Index (ADPI) |
| 791 | ADPI Selection Guide ADPI Selection Guide System Design System Design Design Considerations Design Considerations Noise Noise Duct Approaches to Diffuser Outlets Duct Approaches to Diffuser Outlets |
| 792 | Return and Exhaust Openings Return and Exhaust Openings System Balancing System Balancing Design Procedure Design Procedure Outlet Location and Selection Outlet Location and Selection |
| 793 | Group A Outlets Group A Outlets Group B Outlets Group B Outlets Group C Outlets Group C Outlets Group D Outlets Group D Outlets Group E Outlets Group E Outlets |
| 794 | Return Air Design for Optimum Performance Return Air Design for Optimum Performance Ceiling-Mounted Air Diffuser Systems Ceiling-Mounted Air Diffuser Systems Interior Spaces Interior Spaces Perimeter Spaces Perimeter Spaces |
| 795 | References References |
| 796 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 797 | F05pCh34 F05pCh34 Computational Fluid Dynamics Computational Fluid Dynamics Mathematical and Numerical Background Mathematical and Numerical Background |
| 799 | Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Approaches Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Approaches Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Large Eddy Simulation (LES) |
| 800 | Direction Numerical Simulation (DNS) Direction Numerical Simulation (DNS) Meshing for Computational Fluid Dynamics Meshing for Computational Fluid Dynamics Structured Grids Structured Grids |
| 801 | Unstructured Grids Unstructured Grids Grid Quality Grid Quality Immersed Boundary Grid Generation Immersed Boundary Grid Generation Grid Independence Grid Independence |
| 802 | Boundary Conditions for Computational Fluid Dynamics Boundary Conditions for Computational Fluid Dynamics Inlet Boundary Conditions Inlet Boundary Conditions |
| 803 | Outlet Boundary Conditions Outlet Boundary Conditions Wall/Surface Boundary Conditions Wall/Surface Boundary Conditions |
| 804 | Symmetry Surface Boundary Conditions Symmetry Surface Boundary Conditions |
| 805 | Fixed Sources and Sinks Fixed Sources and Sinks Modeling Considerations Modeling Considerations CFD Modeling Approaches CFD Modeling Approaches Planning Planning Dimensional Accuracy and Faithfulness to Details Dimensional Accuracy and Faithfulness to Details CFD Simulation Steps CFD Simulation Steps Verification, Validation, and Reporting Results Verification, Validation, and Reporting Results |
| 806 | Verification Verification |
| 808 | Validation Validation |
| 809 | Reporting CFD Results Reporting CFD Results |
| 810 | Multizone Network Airflow and Contaminant Transport Modeling Multizone Network Airflow and Contaminant Transport Modeling Multizone Airflow Modeling Multizone Airflow Modeling Theory Theory |
| 811 | Solution Techniques Solution Techniques |
| 812 | Contaminant Transport Modeling Contaminant Transport Modeling Fundamentals Fundamentals Solution Techniques Solution Techniques Multizone Modeling Approaches Multizone Modeling Approaches Simulation Planning Simulation Planning Steps Steps |
| 813 | Verification and Validation Verification and Validation Analytical Verification Analytical Verification |
| 814 | Intermodel Comparison Intermodel Comparison Empirical Validation Empirical Validation |
| 816 | Symbols Symbols |
| 817 | References References |
| 819 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 820 | F05pCh35 F05pCh35 Bernoulli Equation Bernoulli Equation |
| 821 | Head and Pressure Head and Pressure Static Pressure Static Pressure Velocity Pressure Velocity Pressure Total Pressure Total Pressure Pressure Measurement Pressure Measurement System Analysis System Analysis |
| 824 | Pressure Changes in System Pressure Changes in System |
| 825 | Fluid Resistance Fluid Resistance Friction Losses Friction Losses Darcy and Colebrook Equations Darcy and Colebrook Equations |
| 826 | Roughness Factors Roughness Factors Friction Chart Friction Chart |
| 828 | Noncircular Ducts Noncircular Ducts Dynamic Losses Dynamic Losses Local Loss Coefficients Local Loss Coefficients |
| 830 | Duct Fitting Database Duct Fitting Database |
| 831 | Bends in Flexible Duct Bends in Flexible Duct Ductwork Sectional Losses Ductwork Sectional Losses Darcy-Weisbach Equation Darcy-Weisbach Equation Fan-System Interface Fan-System Interface Fan Inlet and Outlet Conditions Fan Inlet and Outlet Conditions Fan System Effect Coefficients Fan System Effect Coefficients |
| 832 | Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing Considerations Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing Considerations |
| 833 | Duct System Design Duct System Design Design Considerations Design Considerations Space Pressure Relationships Space Pressure Relationships Fire and Smoke Management Fire and Smoke Management Duct Insulation Duct Insulation Duct System Leakage Duct System Leakage |
| 835 | System Component Design Velocities System Component Design Velocities |
| 836 | System and Duct Noise System and Duct Noise Testing and Balancing Testing and Balancing Duct Design Methods Duct Design Methods Equal Friction Method Equal Friction Method Static Regain Method Static Regain Method |
| 837 | T-Method Optimization T-Method Optimization T-Method Simulation T-Method Simulation Balancing Dampers Balancing Dampers Constant-Volume (CV) Systems Constant-Volume (CV) Systems |
| 838 | Variable-Air-Volume (VAV) Systems Variable-Air-Volume (VAV) Systems HVAC Duct Design Procedures HVAC Duct Design Procedures Industrial Exhaust System Duct Design Industrial Exhaust System Duct Design |
| 841 | References References |
| 845 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 846 | Fitting Loss Coefficients Fitting Loss Coefficients Round Fittings Round Fittings |
| 871 | Rectangular Fittings Rectangular Fittings |
| 886 | F05pCh36 F05pCh36 Pressure Drop Equations Pressure Drop Equations Darcy-Weisbach Equation Darcy-Weisbach Equation Hazen-Williams Equation Hazen-Williams Equation Valve and Fitting Losses Valve and Fitting Losses |
| 889 | Losses in Multiple Fittings Losses in Multiple Fittings Calculating Pressure Losses Calculating Pressure Losses |
| 890 | Water Piping Water Piping Flow Rate Limitations Flow Rate Limitations Noise Generation Noise Generation Erosion Erosion |
| 891 | Allowances for Aging Allowances for Aging Water Hammer Water Hammer Other Considerations Other Considerations Other Piping Materials and Fluids Other Piping Materials and Fluids Hydronic System Piping Hydronic System Piping Range of Usage of Pressure Drop Charts Range of Usage of Pressure Drop Charts Air Separation Air Separation |
| 893 | Valve and Fitting Pressure Drop Valve and Fitting Pressure Drop |
| 894 | Service Water Piping Service Water Piping |
| 895 | Plastic Pipe Plastic Pipe |
| 896 | Procedure for Sizing Cold Water Systems Procedure for Sizing Cold Water Systems |
| 897 | Steam Piping Steam Piping Pipe Sizes Pipe Sizes |
| 898 | Sizing Charts Sizing Charts Low-Pressure Steam Piping Low-Pressure Steam Piping |
| 899 | High-Pressure Steam Piping High-Pressure Steam Piping Use of Basic and Velocity Multiplier Charts Use of Basic and Velocity Multiplier Charts |
| 903 | Steam Condensate Systems Steam Condensate Systems Two-Pipe Systems Two-Pipe Systems |
| 905 | One-Pipe Systems One-Pipe Systems |
| 906 | Gas Piping Gas Piping Fuel Oil Piping Fuel Oil Piping |
| 908 | Pipe Sizes for Heavy Oil Pipe Sizes for Heavy Oil References References |
| 909 | F05pCh37 F05pCh37 Abbreviations for Text, Drawings, and Computer Programs Abbreviations for Text, Drawings, and Computer Programs Computer Programs Computer Programs Letter Symbols Letter Symbols |
| 918 | Piping System Identification Piping System Identification Definitions Definitions |
| 919 | Method of Identification Method of Identification Codes and Standards Codes and Standards |
| 920 | F05pCh38 F05pCh38 Table 1 Conversions to I-P and SI Units Table 1 Conversions to I-P and SI Units |
| 921 | Table 2 Conversion Factors Table 2 Conversion Factors |
| 922 | F05pCh39 F05pCh39 Table 1 Properties of Vapor Table 1 Properties of Vapor |
| 923 | Table 2 Properties of Liquids Table 2 Properties of Liquids |
| 924 | Table 3 Properties of Solids Table 3 Properties of Solids |
| 925 | References References |
| 926 | F05pCh40 F05pCh40 Selected Codes and Standards Published by Various Societies and Associations Selected Codes and Standards Published by Various Societies and Associations |
| 951 | ABBREVIATIONS, ADDRESSES, TELEPHONE NUMBERS, AND WEB ADDRESSES ABBREVIATIONS, ADDRESSES, TELEPHONE NUMBERS, AND WEB ADDRESSES |
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