ASTM-D909 2001

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D909-01 Standard Test Method for Knock Characteristics of Aviation Gasoline’s by the Supercharge Method

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASTM	2001	84

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Categories: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels, ASTM

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Description

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the knock-limited power, under supercharge rich-mixture conditions, of fuels for use in spark-ignition reciprocating aircraft engines, in terms of ASTM supercharge octane or performance number. By operational considerations, this test method is restricted to testing fuels of 85 ASTM supercharge octane number and over.

1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Annex 7.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Scope Referenced Documents Terminology Summary of Test Method
2	Significance and Use Apparatus Reference Materials TABLE 1
3	Sampling TABLE 2
4	Operating Conditions FIG. 1
5	Starting and Stopping the Engine Standard Engine Performance Determination of Knock-Limited IMEP Rating a Sample
6	FIG. 2
7	FIG. 3
8	Calculation and Report FIG. 4
9	Precision and Bias FIG. 5 TABLE 3
10	A1. APPARATUS A1.1 APPARATUS A1.2 Cylinder Cooling System TABLE A1.1
11	A1.3 Crankcase Ventilation A1.4 Engine Specifications A1.5 Cylinder A1.6 Piston and Rings A1.7 Valves and Valve Seats A1.8 Valve Guides, Springs, and Push Rods A1.9 Wiring Diagram A1.10 Ignition System A1.11 Exhaust System Components FIG. A1.1
12	A1.12 Fuel Supply System FIG. A1.2 TABLE A1.2
13	FIG. A1.3
14	A1.13 Intake Air Heaters A1.14 Air Induction System A1.15 Detonation Meters A1.16 Pressure Lubrication FIG. A1.4
15	FIG. A1.5 FIG. A1.6
16	A1.17 Shafts, Rods, and Crankcase FIG. A1.7
17	A1.18 Dynamometer FIG. A1.7
18	FIG. A1.8
19	FIG. A1.9
20	TABLE A1.3
21	FIG. A1.10
22	FIG. A1.11
23	FIG. A1.12
24	FIG. A1.13 FIG. A1.14
25	FIG. A1.15 FIG. A1.16
26	FIG. A1.17
27	FIG. A1.17
28	FIG. A1.18
29	FIG. A1.19
30	FIG. A1.20
31	FIG. A1.21
32	A2. REFERENCE MATERIALS AND BLENDING ACCESSORIES A2.1 Reference Fuels FIG. A1.22
33	A2.2 Standardization and Check Fuels A2.3 Handling Reference and Standardization Fuels A2.4 Blending Reference and Standardization Fuels A2.5 Tetraethyllead A2.6 Precautions for Handling Tetraethyllead
34	A2.7 Apparatus for Handling Tetraethyllead A2.8 Adding Concentrated Tetraethyllead to Fuels FIG. A2.1
35	A2.9 Reference Materials A2.10 Availability of Reference Materials FIG. A2.1
36	A2.11 Availability of Blending Accessories TABLE A2.1
37	A2.12 Availability of Tables and Charts
38	FIG. A2.3
39	A3. OPERATION A3.1 Adjusting Clearance Volume A3.2 Bench Tilt Procedure TABLE A3.1
41	A3.3 Calculation of Compression Ratio A3.4 Preparations Before Starting Unit
42	A3.5 Setting Controls for Starting A3.6 Starting and Warm-Up
43	FIG. A3.1
44	A3.7 Stopping FIG. A3.2
45	A3.8 Observations and Adjustments Before Standardizing Unit TABLE A3.2 TABLE A3.3
46	A3.9 Measurement of Fuel Consumption
47	A3.10 Calculation of Fuel-Air Ratio A3.11 Air Humidity
48	FIG. A3.3
49	A3.13 Standard Knock Intensity A3.14 Rating Samples TABLE A3.4
50	A3.15 Bracketing Reference Fuel Blends FIG. A3.4
51	A3.16 Calculating Rating of Sample from Knock-Limited Power Curves A3.17 Trouble Shooting Guide
52	A4. MAINTENANCE A4.1 Importance of Maintenance A4.2 Type of Maintenance A4.3 Daily Inspection FIG. A3.5
53	A4.5 Periodic 500- to 800-Hour Inspection A4.6 Periodic 2000-Hour Inspection A4.7 Recognizing Need for Top Overhaul A4.8 Characteristic Engine Operating Faults
54	A4.9 Cylinder Removal A4.10 Cylinder Maintenance Procedure FIG. A4.1
55	A4.11 Replacing Valve Guides A4.12 Valve Cleaning A4.13 Valve Seat Inserts FIG. A4.2
56	A4.14 Valve Seat Overhaul Apparatus FIG. A4.3 FIG. A4.4 FIG. A4.5
57	A4.15 Valve Overhaul Procedure FIG. A4.6
58	A4.16 Piston and Rings A4.17 Piston Pins and Retainers A4.18 Cylinder Clamping Sleeve A4.19 Rocker Arm Assembly FIG. A4.7
59	A4.20 Cooling System A4.21 Main Bearings A4.22 Crankshaft and Flywheel
60	A4.23 Connecting Rod TABLE A4.1
61	A4.24 Camshaft A4.25 Valve Timing Procedure A4.26 Valve Tappets A4.27 Balancing Systems
62	A4.28 Idler Gear A4.29 Lubrication System A4.30 Oil Pressure Adjustment A4.31 Valve Lubrication A4.32 Oil Cooler and Filter A4.33 Crankcase Oil Leaks A4.34 Crankcase Breather Valve A4.35 Oil Change Procedure
63	A4.36 Engine Break-In A4.37 Induction System Heaters A4.38 Air Induction System
64	A4.39 Exhaust System A4.40 Fuel Injection System A4.41 Fuel Weighing System Check A4.42 Fuel Injection Nozzle
65	A4.43 Checking Nozzle Opening Pressure FIG. A4.8
66	A4.44 Fuel Pump Delivery Valve A4.45 Fuel Pump Barrel and Plunger FIG. A4.9
67	A4.46 Fuel Pump Timing FIG. A4.10
68	A4.47 Pump Plunger Lift A4.48 Fuel Pump Drive A4.49 Ignition System A4.50 Spark Plugs A4.51 Breaker Points A4.52 Condenser
69	A4.53 Neon Spark Indicator A4.54 Dynamometer and Scale A4.55 Rotation of Trunnion Bearings A4.56 Dashpot Adjustments A4.57 Preliminary Scale Check
70	A4.58 Complete Scale Calibration16
71	A4.59 General Mechanical Scale Adjustments A4.60 Alignment of Dynamometer Shaft A4.61 Lubrication of Dynamometer Bearings A4.62 Induction Heater Safety Switches A4.63 Electric Relays and Thermostats
72	A4.64 Pressure Gages A4.65 Thermometers A4.66 Dimensions, Replacement Limits, Recommended Torque Values TABLE A4.2
73	A5. INSTALLATION AND ASSEMBLY A5.1 Unpacking Precautions A5.2 Installing the Unit Assembly
74	FIG. A5.1
75	A5.3 Assembling the Induction System FIG. A5.2 FIG. A5.3
76	A5.4 Mounting the Cooling Condenser A5.5 Dynamometer Scale Head Assembly A5.6 Panel and Desk Assembly
77	A5.7 Intake Manifold A5.8 Wiring A5.9 Manometer A5.10 Crankcase Ventilation A5.11 Water Cooling System FIG. A5.4
78	A5.12 Induction System Control and Indicating Lines A5.13 Installing Induction System A5.14 Induction Line Remote Control A5.15 Remote Fuel Control A5.16 Filling Manometers
79	A5.17 Fuel Systems A5.18 Oil Lines A5.19 Exhaust System A5.20 Thermometers TABLE A5.1
80	A5.21 Control Panel Desk A5.22 Final Check of Assembly A5.23 Connecting Electric Power Lines A5.24 Starting Unit A6. BUILDING AND UTILITY REQUIREMENTS A6.1 Utility Services A6.2 Laboratory Site
81	A6.3 Type of Structure A6.4 Laboratory Foundations FIG. A6.1
82	A6.5 Test Unit Foundation A6.6 Service Installations A6.7 Floor Drainage A6.8 Ventilating, Heating, and Air Conditioning A6.9 Lighting A6.10 Soundproofing
83	A7. PRECAUTIONARY INFORMATION A7.1 Introduction A7.2 Caution Alert\| A7.3 Warning Alert\|\| A7.4 Danger Alert\|

Additional information

Standard Title	D909-01 Standard Test Method for Knock Characteristics of Aviation Gasoline's by the Supercharge Method
Published Code	ASTM
Publication Date	2001
Pages Count	84
ICS Codes	75.160.20 - Liquid fuels

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