BS 7346-7:2006
$189.07
Components for smoke and heat control systems – Code of practice on functional recommendations and calculation methods for smoke and heat control systems for covered car parks
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2006 | 46 |
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 3 | Contents 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 Smoke and heat control system selection 10 5 Design fires 11 6 Vehicle exhaust pollution control 13 7 Natural dispersal smoke ventilation 14 8 Conventional mechanical extract 16 9 Impulse ventilation to achieve smoke clearance 18 10 Impulse ventilation to assist fire-fighting access 20 11 Impulse ventilation to protect means of escape 24 12 Smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems (SHEVS) 25 13 Ductwork, fixings, and smoke dampers 26 14 Controls and power supplies 27 15 Pre-installation verification 30 16 Interaction with other fire protection systems and other building systems 31 17 Commissioning 33 18 Documentation to be supplied with heat and smoke control system 35 19 Maintenance and safety 37 Annexes Annex A (informative) Computer-based models 38 Annex B (informative) Lighting, signage, public address and voice alarm systems 39 Bibliography 40 List of figures Figure 1 – Typical mechanical ventilation using a ducted smoke dispersal system 15 Figure 2 – Typical mechanical ventilation using an impulse smoke dispersal system 17 Figure 3 – Typical mechanical ventilation using an impulse system for fire-fighter access 21 List of tables Table 1 – Steady-state design fires 12 Table 2 – Checklist for commissioning of major components of a smoke and heat control system or SHEVS 34 |
| 4 | Foreword |
| 5 | 0 Introduction 0.1 Background to smoke control in car parks 1) to assist fire-fighters to clear smoke from a car park during and after a fire; 2) to provide clear smoke-free access for fire-fighters to a point close to the seat of the fire; 3) to protect means of escape from the car park. a) To assist fire-fighters to clear smoke from a car park during and after a fire. |
| 6 | b) To provide clear smoke-free access to fire-fighters to a point close to the seat of the fire. 2) moving the smoke and heat from that location towards a specific extraction point or points; 3) creating a smoke free approach zone or bridgehead clear of the fire. This allows fire-fighters to assemble personnel and equipment in favourable conditions and fire-fighting operations to be carried out more quickly, safely and efficiently. c) To protect means of escape from the car park. |
| 7 | 0.2 Further considerations 1 Scope |
| 8 | 2 Normative references |
| 9 | 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 addressable fire detection system 3.2 aerodynamic free area 3.3 approving authority 3.4 bridgehead 3.5 ceiling jet 3.6 coefficient of discharge 3.7 computational fluid dynamics model (CFD model) 3.8 cross-flow ventilation 3.9 design fire 3.10 directed message |
| 10 | 3.11 dispersal 3.12 element of structure 3.13 equivalent area 3.14 exhaust ventilation system 3.15 exhaust ventilator 3.16 extraction point 3.17 fire compartment 3.18 fire engineered solution |
| 11 | 3.19 fire load 3.20 fire operational position 3.21 fire resistance 3.22 fire service override switch 3.23 fixing 3.24 frequency inverter 3.25 impulse 3.26 jet fan 3.27 impulse ventilation system (IVS) 3.28 integrity 3.29 means of escape |
| 12 | 3.30 mechanical cross ventilation 3.31 multi criteria fire detection 3.32 natural cross ventilation 3.33 override control 3.34 pressure differential system 3.35 rate of rise heat detection 3.36 replacement air 3.37 signalling system 3.38 smoke clearance system 3.39 smoke control damper |
| 13 | 3.40 smoke control zone 3.41 smoke and heat control system 3.42 smoke and heat exhaust ventilation system (SHEVS) 3.43 steady-state design method 3.44 steady-state design fire 3.45 time-dependent design fire 3.46 thrust 3.47 vehicle emission ventilation 3.48 zone model |
| 14 | 4 Smoke and heat control system selection 4.1 Design objectives 4.2 Selection of objectives |
| 15 | 5 Design fires |
| 16 | 5.1 Car fires Table 1 Steady-state design fires 5.2 Stores and storage within car parks a) The type of combustible materials stored. b) The amount and disposition of the fire load. c) The degree of fire resisting enclosure if provided. d) The provision of sprinklers. |
| 17 | 6 Vehicle exhaust pollution control 6.1 General 6.2 Naturally ventilated car parks 6.3 Mechanical and natural ventilation of car parks 6.4 Mechanically ventilated car parks |
| 18 | 6.5 Detailed quantitative assessment of contaminants 7 Natural dispersal smoke ventilation 7.1 Car parks which are open sided 7.2 Car parks which are not open sided |
| 19 | Figure 1 Typical mechanical ventilation using a ducted smoke dispersal system |
| 20 | 8 Conventional mechanical extract 8.1 General a) smoke detection; b) rapid rate of rise heat detection; c) multi-criteria fire detection; d) a sprinkler flow switch; e) a fire service override switch. |
| 21 | 8.2 Performance recommendations for equipment 8.3 Calculation procedures Figure 2 Typical mechanical ventilation using an impulse smoke dispersal system |
| 22 | 9 Impulse ventilation to achieve smoke clearance 9.1 General |
| 23 | a) smoke detection; b) rapid rate of rise heat detection; c) multi-criteria fire detection; d) sprinkler flow switch; e) fire service override switch. |
| 24 | 9.2 Calculation procedures 10 Impulse ventilation to assist fire-fighting access 10.1 System design criteria |
| 25 | Figure 3 Typical mechanical ventilation using an impulse system for fire-fighter access |
| 26 | a) smoke detection; b) rapid rate of rise heat detection; c) multi-criteria fire detection. |
| 27 | 10.2 Equipment rating |
| 28 | 11 Impulse ventilation to protect means of escape 11.1 System design objectives 11.2 System design criteria 11.3 Equipment rating |
| 29 | 12 Smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems (SHEVS) a) If the SHEVS can meet the airflow requirements for vehicle exhaust emission control (see Clause 7) with a reduced volume flow rate compared to the requirements for smoke control, it might be used to fulfil both sets of requirements. b) Where the SHEVS is designed to protect means of escape for occupants, the clear height should be at least as detailed in BS 7346-4 (i.e. 2.5 m or 0.8 times the ceiling height, if lower than 2.5 m). c) Where the SHEVS is designed to provide a clear, smoke-free approach to the fire for fire-fighters, the clear height should be at least 1.75 m. d) The design fire, whether steady-state or time-dependent, should be based on 5.1 rather than the car fire cited in BS 7346-4. e) The system should be independent from any other ventilation or HVAC system in the building other than for the control of vehicle emission pollutants. f) All other performance recommendations and calculation procedures should be as detailed in BS 7346-4 for steady-state designs,… g) Openings should be provided to allow the air to enter or exit the car park. These inlets should conform to the recommendation… |
| 30 | Figure 4 Design regions for a single volume space 13 Ductwork, fixings, and smoke dampers |
| 31 | 14 Controls and power supplies 14.1 General 14.2 Controls a) smoke detection; b) rapid rate of rise heat detection; c) multi-criteria fire detection; d) sprinkler flow switch. |
| 32 | 14.3 Computerised control systems 14.4 Electrical power supplies |
| 33 | a) classified as LS60 in accordance with BS 7346-6:2005; b) in accordance with BS 8434-2:2004; or c) in accordance with BS EN 60702-1:2004. |
| 34 | 15 Pre-installation verification 15.1 Zone modelling 15.2 CFD modelling |
| 35 | 15.3 Selection of verification method 16 Interaction with other fire protection systems and other building systems 16.1 General 16.2 Sprinkler systems 16.3 Other ventilation systems a) Wherever the vehicle exhaust fume ventilation is provided by a system independent of the smoke and heat control system, that system should close down in the event of the smoke and heat control system being initiated. b) Any ducts or openings which form a part of the non-fire protective ventilation system and which penetrate between storeys or fire compartments should be closed at the boundary between storeys or fire compartments using fire-rated smoke dampers. |
| 36 | c) All smoke control dampers in that part of the HVAC system corresponding to the affected smoke control zone should move into their fire operational positions simultaneously with the HVAC fans. d) The functions described in a) to c) should be tested after the system has been installed by simulating a fire detection signal in accordance with Clause 17. e) If parts of the HVAC system are used in the smoke and heat control system, those parts of the HVAC system which are incorporated into the smoke and heat control system should follow all appropriate recommendations in this standard. f) All smoke control dampers should be capable of being opened and closed by powered devices. 16.4 Lighting, signage, public address and voice alarm systems 16.5 Pressure differential systems 16.6 External/ground level escape routes |
| 37 | 16.7 Security systems 16.8 Fire safety management 17 Commissioning |
| 38 | Table 2 Checklist for commissioning of major components of a smoke and heat control system or SHEVS |
| 39 | 18 Documentation to be supplied with heat and smoke control system 18.1 General design recommendations 18.1.2 Fire-fighting |
| 40 | 18.2 Detailed recommendations 18.2.1 System design documentation a) A justification for the choice of design fire. b) Where design calculations explicitly include wind pressure forces and/or wind pressure coefficients, identification of all zones of overpressure and suction on the building’s surface. c) The locations of all exhaust ventilator outlets and replacement air openings in the building. d) Assumptions and input parameters used in calculations of the external environment of the building. e) Wind load, snow load, and low ambient temperature assessments for any ventilators. f) Relative positions of the exhaust outlets and unprotected openings in neighbouring buildings, pedestrian areas and vehicle roadways in the neighbourhood of the building. g) full details of all the inlet air provisions, locations and their method of operation; h) for mechanical systems, the total volume of air to be provided; i) the calculated air flow speed at the inlets for this air. 18.3 Installation, maintenance and testing documentation 18.4 Computer control software |
| 41 | 19 Maintenance and safety |
| 42 | Annex A (informative) Computer-based models A.1 General A.2 Computer-based zone models A.3 Computational fluid dynamics models |
| 43 | Annex B (informative) Lighting, signage, public address and voice alarm systems B.1 Lighting and signage B.2 Public address and voice alarm systems |
| 44 | Bibliography [1] GREAT BRITAIN. The Building Regulations 2000. SI 2000, No. 2531, as amended. London: The Stationery Office. [2] GREAT BRITAIN. The Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 2001, No. 320 (as amended). London: The Stationery Office. [3] GREAT BRITAIN. The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) Statutory Rules 2000, No. 389. London: The Stationery Office. [4] GREAT BRITAIN. The Building Regulations Approved Document B, Fire safety. London: The Stationery Office, 2000 [5] NORTHERN IRELAND. The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) Technical Booklet E, Fire safety, 2005. [6] GREAT BRITAIN. Scottish Building Standards Technical Handbooks. London: The Stationery Office. [7] JOYEUX, D, CAJOT, L-G, SCHLEICH, J-B. Natural fires in closed car parks. Eurofire ’98, Belgium, 1998. [8] Air treatment systems for car parks, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, VDI 2053 (2004). [9] GREAT BRITAIN. The Building Regulations Approved Document F, Ventilation. London: The Stationery Office, 2006. [10] GREAT BRITAIN. The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) Technical Booklet K, Ventilation, 1994. |
