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BS EN 12101-13:2022

BS EN 12101-13:2022

$215.11

Smoke and heat control systems – Pressure differential systems (PDS). Design and calculation methods, installation, acceptance testing, routine testing and maintenance

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 126
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This document gives calculation methods, guidance and requirements for the design, installation, acceptance testing, routine testing and maintenance for pressure differential systems (PDS). PDSs are designed to hold back smoke at a leaky physical barrier in a building, such as a door (either open or closed) or other similarly restricted openings and to keep tenable conditions in escape and access routes depending on the application. It covers systems intended to protect means of escape e.g. staircases, corridors, lobbies, as well as systems intended to provide a protected firefighting space (bridgehead) for the fire services. It provides details on the critical features and relevant procedures for the installation. It describes the commissioning procedures and acceptance testing criteria required to confirm that the calculated design is achieved in the building. This document gives rules, requirements and procedures to design PDS for buildings up to 60 m. For buildings taller than 60 m the same requirements are given (e.g. Table 1), but additional methods of calculation and verification are necessary. Requirements for such methods and verification are given in Annex D, but the methods fall outside the scope of this document [e.g. Additional mathematical analysis and/or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)]. Routine testing and maintenance requirements are also defined in this document. In the absence of national requirements and under expected ambient and outside conditions, the requirements in Table 1 are fulfilled by the PDS.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
10 1 Scope
2 Normative references
11 3 Terms and definitions
12 4 Design objectives
13 5 Requirements
17 5.5.2.1 General
5.5.2.2 Pressurization systems with passive air release
18 5.5.2.3 Pressurization systems with active air release
5.6.2.1 Connected lobbies
19 5.6.2.2 Connected corridors
5.6.3.1 General
20 5.6.3.2 Example 1: Staircase protection (pressurization system)
21 5.6.3.3 Example 2: Staircase, firefighters lift, and/or other lift shaft(s), protection (pressurization system)
22 5.6.3.4 Example 3: Staircase protection (pressurization system)
23 5.6.3.5 Example 4: Staircase, firefighters lift and/or other lift shaft(s), protection (pressurization system)
24 5.6.3.6 Example 5: Staircase protection (pressurization system)
25 5.6.3.7 Example 6: Staircase protection (pressurization system)
26 5.6.3.8 Example 7: Staircase, firefighters lift and/or other lift shaft(s), protection (pressurization system)
27 5.6.3.9 Example 8: Staircase and lobby protection (pressurization system)
28 5.6.3.10 Example 9: Staircase, lobby and firefighters lift shaft protection (pressurization system)
30 5.6.6.1 General
5.6.6.2 Air intake
31 5.6.6.3 Air supply to firefighter lift and other lift shafts
5.6.6.4 Air supply to staircases
5.6.7.1 General
32 5.6.7.2 Passive air release by openings in the façade
5.6.7.3 Passive air release by shafts and/or duct systems
5.6.7.4 Active air release by shafts and/or duct systems
33 6 Interaction
35 7 Equipment and components – specification and installation
47 8 Testing and measuring
57 8.5.5.1 General
8.5.5.2 Fire detection system
8.5.5.3 Smoke detectors as an integrated part of the PDS
8.5.5.4 Manual control of PDS for firefighters
58 8.5.5.5 Manual activation for means of escape (operated by escaping people)
9 Additional considerations for design and testing
59 10 Documentation
61 11 Testing and Maintenance, design changes, faults, routine testing and operation
63 11.5.2.1 General
11.5.2.2 Daily testing
11.5.2.3 Monthly testing
64 11.5.2.4 Yearly testing
65 11.5.2.5 Auto test and communication technology
66 Annex A (informative)Calculation procedures
A.1 General
67 A.2 Calculation procedure
68 A.3 Basic rules
A.3.1 Calculation of volume flowrates through openings (QOPENING)
69 A.3.2 Air velocities through geometric openings
A.3.3 Leakage paths
A.3.3.1 General
A.3.3.2 Parallel leakage paths, Aep
70 A.3.3.3 Series leakage paths, Aes
A.4 Estimation of door closed volume supply rate
A.4.1 Estimation of leakage rate through closed doors
A.4.1.1 Air leakage data for closed doors
72 A.4.1.2 Estimation of leakage through closed doors (QDC)
A.4.1.3 Estimation of leakage through lift landing doors (QLD)
73 A.4.2 Estimation of leakage rate via closed windows
A.4.2.1 Air leakage data for windows
A.4.2.2 Estimation of leakage via closed windows (QWC)
74 A.4.3 Estimation of leakage rates through walls
A.4.3.1 Air leakage data for walls
A.4.3.2 Estimation of leakage through walls (QWALL)
75 A.4.4 Estimation of leakage rate through floors
A.4.4.1 Air leakage data for floors
A.4.4.2 Estimation of leakage through floors (QFLOOR)
A.4.5 Estimation of total leakage rate with doors closed (QSDC)
A.4.6 Estimation of other leakages (QDCOT), and final exit door leakage (QED)
76 A.4.7 Estimate flushing volume (QFLUSH)
A.4.8 Estimation of system supply rate with doors closed (QTDC)
A.5 Estimation of door open airflows
A.5.1 Estimation of protected space door open volume flowrate through the door between the protected and unprotected space (QDO)
77 A.5.2 Estimation of passive air release paths
A.5.2.1 General
A.5.2.2 Estimation of recommended minimum vent area requirements (AVA)
78 A.5.2.3 Estimation of the recommended size of air release shafts (AVS)
A.5.3 Estimation of the pressure in the unprotected space (PUS)
79 A.5.4 Estimation of the pressure in the staircase (PSC)
A.5.5 Estimation of the pressure in the unprotected space (PUS) for active air release
A.5.6 Estimation of the exit door flowrate (QEDO), where required by the design concept
80 A.5.7 Estimation of the flowrate with the door open (QTDO)
A.6 Finalize design
A.6.1 Estimate design flowrate (QDESIGN)
A.6.2 Determine fan supply path
A.6.2.1 General
A.6.2.2 Estimation of mechanical extract requirements
81 A.6.3 Estimation of the pressure drop across the staircase
82 A.6.4 Pressure distribution across the staircase
A.6.4.1 General
83 A.6.4.2 Estimation of door opening forces; Maximum pressure across doors
A.6.4.3 Door opening force limitations; Maximum pressure in the staircase.
84 A.6.5 Estimate relief vent area (APV)
A.7 Other considerations
85 Annex B (informative)Design example and possible calculation procedures
B.1 General
86 B.2 Pressurization calculation
95 Annex C (informative)Further information on wind and temperature effects
C.1 General
C.2 Influence of wind effect
C.3 Pressure in the protected space
96 C.4 Natural air release (Passive air release)
C.5 Powered air release (Active air release)
C.6 Influence of temperature effect
97 C.7 Pressure control
C.7.1 Passive pressure control
C.7.2 Active pressure control
C.8 Assessment of meteorological effect during performance test
C.8.1 General
C.8.2 Wind effect
C.8.3 Stack effect
98 Annex D (informative)Guidance for PDS design for buildings taller than 60 m
D.1 General
D.2 Principles
99 D.3 Requirements
D.4 Selection of the engineering method
D.4.1 General
100 D.4.2 Multizone airflow models (zone-knot-models)
D.4.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
D.5 Climatic input data
D.6 Information required for simulations
D.6.1 General
101 D.6.2 Content requirements
102 D.6.3 Presentation of the results
D.7 Project assessment by authorities having jurisdiction
103 Annex E (informative)Example of firefighters’ intervention in building equipped with PDS
104 Annex F (informative)Documentation and responsibilities in the process
F.1 General
F.2 Concept studies
105 F.3 Planning and Engineering
F.4 Execution stage
F.5 Occupation phase
107 Annex G (informative)(Example) PDS concept report
110 Annex H (informative)(Example) PDS test report
118 Annex I (informative)Risk assessment – List of potential disturbances
120 Annex J (informative)Practical suggestions for successful commissioning
121 Annex K (normative)Labelling — Information and position

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BS EN 12101-13:2022
$215.11