BS EN 16351:2015
$215.11
Timber structures. Cross laminated timber. Requirements
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2015 | 106 |
This European Standard sets out provisions regarding the performance characteristics for straight and curved structural cross laminated timber (X-Lam) both without and with large finger joints as a material for the manufacture of structural elements to be used in buildings and bridges.
This European Standard applies to cross laminated timber:
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to be used in service class 1 or 2 according to EN 1995‑1‑1 ;
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made of coniferous species and poplar listed in 5.1.5 of this standard;
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built up of at least three orthogonally bonded layers (at least two of them timber layers);
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having, depending on the number of layers, adjacent layers which may be bonded parallel to the grain;
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made of timber layers which are made of strength graded timber according to EN 14081‑1 ;
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made of timber layers having thicknesses between 6 mm and 60 mm (including) taking into account the layup requirements given in this European standard;
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made of timber layers which may be edge bonded or which are not bonded and have spacing less than 6 mm between adjacent laminations;
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which may comprise wood based panel layers made of structural wood based panels specified in this European standard, fulfilling the requirements for use in service class 2 or 3 according to EN 1995‑1‑1 , having no structural joints between the single panels and having thicknesses between 6 mm and 45 mm (including);
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bonded with adhesives, fulfilling the requirements given in this European standard;
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having overall thicknesses up to 500 mm;
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which is not made from reused timber or wood based panels comprising reused timber.
This European Standard also applies to cross laminated timber with large finger joints:
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made from cross laminated timber pieces having the same cross section and layup;
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made from cross laminated timber pieces having cross sectional thicknesses from 51 mm up to 345 mm (inclusive) and minimum thicknesses of the outermost layers not less than 17 mm.
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made from cross laminated timber pieces solely comprising timber layers;
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made from plane cross laminated timber pieces jointed so that no regular change between the grain directions of the layers occurs;
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with finger joints having a finger length of at least 45 mm and fingers which are visible at the two narrow sides of the components.
This European Standard applies to cross laminated timber treated against biological attack. Cross laminated timber treated with fire retardants is not covered.
It also sets out minimum production requirements and procedures for Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | Contents Page |
| 10 | 1 Scope |
| 11 | 2 Normative references |
| 12 | 3 Terms and definitions |
| 16 | 4 Symbols |
| 18 | 5 Components and product characteristics, testing and assessment methods |
| 20 | 5.1.6.1 General 5.1.6.2 Phenolic and aminoplastic adhesives 5.1.6.3 Moisture curing one component polyurethane adhesives |
| 21 | 5.1.6.4 Emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives |
| 22 | 5.2.2.1 General 5.2.2.2 Cross sectional sizes 5.2.2.3 Layer thickness 5.2.2.4 Grooves and edge bonds |
| 24 | 5.2.2.5 Maximum acceptable deviations 5.2.2.6 Corrected sizes and moisture deformation factor |
| 25 | 5.2.2.7 Layup (including layer orientation) |
| 26 | 5.2.3.1 General 5.2.3.2 Determination from geometrical data and layer’s properties |
| 27 | 5.2.3.3 Determination from tests with cross laminated timber |
| 28 | 5.2.5.1 General 5.2.5.2 Bonding strength of finger joints in laminations 5.2.5.3 Bonding strength of bonds in edge bonded timber layers (shear test) 5.2.5.4 Bonding strength of glue lines between layers |
| 29 | 5.2.5.5 Bonding strength of large finger joints 5.2.7.1 General 5.2.7.2 Declaration as reaction to fire class of layers |
| 30 | 5.2.7.3 Declaration on the basis of tests |
| 31 | 5.2.9.1 Formaldehyde emission 5.2.9.2 Release/content of other dangerous substances |
| 32 | 5.2.10.1 Durability of bonding strength 5.2.10.2 Durability against biological attack |
| 33 | 6 Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) |
| 41 | 6.3.2.1 General |
| 42 | 6.3.2.2 Equipment 6.3.2.3 Raw materials and components 6.3.2.4 Traceability and marking 6.3.2.5 Controls during manufacturing process |
| 43 | 6.3.2.6 Product testing and evaluation |
| 46 | 6.3.2.7 Non-complying products 6.3.2.8 Corrective action |
| 47 | 6.3.2.9 Handling, storage and packaging |
| 48 | 7 Marking and labelling |
| 50 | Annex A (normative)Release of Formaldehyde A.1 General A.2 Classification A.2.1 Cross laminated timber A.2.1.1 Requirements A.2.1.2 Test procedure |
| 51 | A.2.1.3 Test report A.2.2 Cross laminated timber with large finger joints |
| 52 | Annex B (normative)Additional test methods and requirements for adhesives B.1 General B.2 Long-term sustained load test at cyclic climate conditions with specimens loaded perpendicular to the glue line for moisture curing one-component polyurethane and emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives (glass house test) B.2.1 General description B.2.2 Production of the specimens |
| 53 | B.2.3 Test procedure and climate conditions |
| 54 | B.2.4 Requirements B.2.5 Test report |
| 55 | Annex C (normative)Delamination test of glue lines between layers C.1 Principle C.2 Apparatus C.2.1 Pressure vessel C.2.2 Drying duct C.2.3 Balance C.2.4 Metal wedge and hammer C.3 Sampling and preparation of test pieces |
| 56 | C.4 Procedures C.4.1 General C.4.2 Measurement and evaluation of delamination C.4.2.1 Measurement of delamination C.4.2.2 Glue line openings to be regarded as delaminations C.4.2.3 Glue line openings not to be regarded as delaminations |
| 57 | C.4.2.4 Criteria for glued areas after splitting C.4.3 Test cycle C.5 Results C.5.1 General C.5.2 Total delamination |
| 58 | C.5.3 Maximum delamination C.5.4 Wood failure percentage C.6 Test report |
| 59 | Annex D (normative)Shear tests D.1 Principle D.2 Apparatus D.2.1 Testing machine D.2.2 Shearing tool |
| 60 | D.3 Test pieces D.3.1 General D.3.2 Test pieces for edge bonds in timber layers D.3.3 Test pieces for glue lines between layers |
| 62 | D.3.4 Test pieces for testing single glue lines within cross laminated timber D.3.5 Sampling of test pieces |
| 63 | D.3.6 Marking of test pieces D.4 Procedure D.5 Results |
| 64 | D.6 Test report |
| 65 | Annex E (normative)Tests with laminations with or without finger joints (including compliance criteria) E.1 Sampling E.1.1 General E.1.2 For type testing E.1.3 For factory production control E.2 Testing E.2.1 General E.2.2 Additional requirements for type testing E.2.3 Additional requirements for factory production control |
| 66 | E.3 Compliance criteria of finger joints in laminations E.3.1 For type testing E.3.2 For factory production control E.4 Report of tests with finger joints in laminations |
| 67 | E.5 Tests with laminations without finger joints |
| 68 | Annex F (normative)Determination of strength, stiffness and density properties of cross laminated timber F.1 Indices |
| 71 | F.2 General F.2.1 Sampling F.2.2 Specimens F.2.3 Testing |
| 72 | F.2.4 Analysis of test results F.2.5 Test reports F.3 Characteristics determined by tests with loads perpendicular to the plane F.3.1 Bending test |
| 73 | F.3.2 (Rolling) shear strength and stiffness derived from bending tests |
| 74 | F.3.3 (Rolling) shear strength and stiffness derived from shear test (alternative test method) |
| 76 | F.3.4 Compression perpendicular to the plane F.3.5 Large finger joint – Bending test |
| 77 | F.4 Characteristics determined by tests with in-plane loads F.4.1 Bending |
| 78 | F.4.2 Shear values within a layer – net cross section |
| 79 | F.4.3 Shear values for glue lines between layers – torsional shear |
| 80 | F.4.4 Shear stiffness for cross laminated timber in plane by bending test |
| 81 | F.4.5 Large finger joint – Bending test |
| 82 | Annex G (normative)Measurement of moisture content G.1 General G.2 Measurement of moisture content of boards during production G.3 Mean moisture content of cross laminated timber made from timber laminations |
| 83 | Annex H (normative)Separation tests with finger joints in laminations produced with contact-free application of adhesive |
| 84 | Annex I (normative)Minimum production requirements I.1 Personnel I.2 Production and storage facilities I.2.1 General I.2.2 Facilities for drying and storage of timber I.2.3 Facilities for processing and storage of adhesives I.2.4 Facilities for production and curing |
| 85 | I.3 Equipment I.4 Finger joints in laminations I.4.1 Wane and edge damages |
| 86 | I.4.2 Finger joint geometry I.4.3 Knots and local grain deviation |
| 87 | I.4.4 Moisture content at bonding I.4.5 Bonding surface and application of the adhesive I.4.5.1 General I.4.5.2 Manual application I.4.5.3 Application by machine |
| 88 | I.4.5.4 Additional requirements for contact free application I.4.6 Time between cutting and adhesive application I.4.7 Pressure I.4.8 Curing |
| 89 | I.5 Bonding of laminations and layers I.5.1 General I.5.2 Moisture content at bonding I.5.3 Bonding surfaces and adhesive application I.5.4 Cramping I.5.5 Glue line thickness |
| 90 | I.5.6 Curing I.6 Cross laminated timber with large finger joints I.6.1 Cross laminated timber to be jointed I.6.2 Moisture content at bonding I.6.3 Finger joint geometry I.6.4 Machining of the fingers I.6.5 Adhesive, bonding surface and adhesive application |
| 91 | I.6.6 Cramping I.6.7 Glue line thickness I.6.8 Curing |
| 92 | Annex ZA (informative)Clauses of this European Standard addressing the requirements of the EU Construction Products Regulation |
