BS EN 60071-5:2015
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Insulation co-ordination – Procedures for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations
Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
BSI | 2015 | 100 |
This part of IEC 60071 provides guidance on the procedures for insulation co-ordination of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations, without prescribing standardized insulation levels.
This standard applies only for HVDC applications in high-voltage a.c. power systems and not for industrial conversion equipment. Principles and guidance given are for insulation coordination purposes only. The requirements for human safety are not covered by this standard.
PDF Catalog
PDF Pages | PDF Title |
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6 | English CONTENTS |
10 | INTRODUCTION |
11 | 1 General 1.1 Scope 1.2 Additional background |
12 | 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions |
13 | Tables Table 1 – Classes and shapes of overvoltages, standard voltage shapes and standard withstand voltage tests |
18 | 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 General 4.2 Subscripts 4.3 Letter symbols |
19 | 4.4 Abbreviations 5 Typical HVDC converter station schemes |
21 | Figures Figure 1 – Possible arrester locations in a pole with two 12-pulse converters in series |
22 | Figure 2 – Possible arrester locations for a back-to-back converter station Table 2 – Symbol description |
23 | 6 Principles of insulation co-ordination 6.1 General 6.2 Essential differences between a.c. and d.c. systems 6.3 Insulation co-ordination procedure |
24 | 6.4 Comparison of withstand voltage selection in a.c. and d.c. systems |
25 | Table 3 – Comparison of the selection of withstand voltages for a.c. equipment with that for HVDC converter station equipment |
26 | 7 Voltages and overvoltages in service 7.1 Continuous operating voltages at various locations in the converter station |
27 | Figure 3 – HVDC converter station with one 12-pulse converter bridge per pole |
29 | Figure 4 – Continuous operating voltages at various locations (location identification according to Figure 3) |
30 | 7.2 Peak continuous operating voltage (PCOV) and crest continuous operating voltage (CCOV) |
31 | Figure 5 – Operating voltage of a valve arrester (V), rectifier operation Figure 6 – Operating voltage of a mid-point arrester (M), rectifier operation |
32 | 7.3 Sources and types of overvoltages Figure 7 – Operating voltage of a converter bus arrester (CB), rectifier operation |
33 | 7.4 Temporary overvoltages 7.4.1 General 7.4.2 Temporary overvoltages on the a.c. side 7.4.3 Temporary overvoltages on the d.c. side 7.5 Slow-front overvoltages 7.5.1 General 7.5.2 Slow-front overvoltages on the a.c. side |
34 | 7.5.3 Slow-front overvoltages on the d.c. side |
35 | 7.6 Fast-front, very-fast-front and steep-front overvoltages |
36 | 8 Arrester characteristics and stresses 8.1 Arrester characteristics |
37 | 8.2 Arrester specification 8.3 Arrester stresses 8.3.1 General |
38 | 8.3.2 AC bus arrester (A) |
39 | 8.3.3 AC filter arrester (FA) 8.3.4 Transformer valve winding arresters (T) 8.3.5 Valve arrester (V) |
42 | 8.3.6 Bridge arrester (B) |
43 | 8.3.7 Converter unit arrester (C) 8.3.8 Mid-point d.c. bus arrester (M) |
44 | 8.3.9 Converter unit d.c. bus arrester (CB) 8.3.10 DC bus and d.c. line/cable arrester (DB and DL/DC) 8.3.11 Neutral bus arrester (E, EL, EM in Figure 3, EB, E1, EL, EM in Figure 1) |
45 | 8.3.12 DC reactor arrester (DR) |
46 | 8.3.13 DC filter arrester (FD) 8.3.14 Earth electrode station arrester 8.4 Protection strategy 8.4.1 General 8.4.2 Insulation directly protected by a single arrester |
47 | 8.4.3 Insulation protected by more than one arrester in series 8.4.4 Valve side neutral point of transformers 8.4.5 Insulation between phase conductors of the converter transformer 8.4.6 Summary of protection strategy |
48 | Table 4 – Arrester protection on the d.c. side: Single 12-pulse converter (Figure 3) Table 5 – Arrester protection on the d.c. side: Two 12-pulse converters (Figure 1) |
49 | 8.5 Summary of events and stresses |
50 | Table 6 – Events stressing arresters: Single 12-pulse converter (Figure 3) Table 7 – Types of arrester stresses for different events: Single 12-pulse converter (Figure 3) |
51 | 9 Design procedure of insulation co-ordination 9.1 General 9.2 Arrester requirements |
52 | Table 8 – Arrester requirements |
53 | 9.3 Characteristics of insulation 9.4 Representative overvoltages (Urp) Table 9 – Representative overvoltages and required withstand voltages |
54 | 9.5 Determination of the co-ordination withstand voltages (Ucw) 9.6 Determination of the required withstand voltages (Urw) |
56 | 9.7 Determination of the specified withstand voltage (Uw) 10 Study tools and system modelling 10.1 General 10.2 Study approach and tools Table 10 – Indicative values of ratios of required impulse withstandvoltage to impulse protective level |
57 | 10.3 System details 10.3.1 Modelling and system representation |
58 | Table 11 – Origin of overvoltages and associated frequency ranges |
59 | 10.3.2 AC network and a.c. side of the HVDC converter station Figure 8 – One pole of an HVDC converter station |
60 | 10.3.3 DC overhead line/cable and earth electrode line details 10.3.4 DC side of an HVDC converter station details |
61 | 11 Creepage distances 11.1 General 11.2 Base voltage for creepage distance 11.3 Creepage distance for outdoor insulation under d.c. voltage |
62 | 11.4 Creepage distance for indoor insulation under d.c. or mixed voltage 11.5 Creepage distance of a.c. insulators 12 Clearances in air |
64 | Annex A (informative) Example of insulation co-ordination for conventional HVDC converters A.1 General A.2 Arrester protective scheme A.3 Arrester stresses, protection and insulation levels A.3.1 General |
65 | A.3.2 Slow-front overvoltages transferred from the a.c. side A.3.3 Earth fault between valve and upper bridge transformer bushing |
68 | A.4 Transformer valve side withstand voltages A.4.1 Phase-to-phase |
69 | A.4.2 Upper bridge transformer phase-to-earth (star) A.4.3 Lower bridge transformer phase-to-earth (delta) A.5 Air-insulated smoothing reactors withstand voltages A.5.1 Terminal-to-terminal slow-front overvoltages |
70 | A.5.2 Terminal-to-earth A.6 Results |
71 | Figure A.1 – AC and d.c. arresters Figure A.2 – Valve arrester stressesfor slow-front overvoltages from a.c. side |
72 | Figure A.3 – Arrester V2 stress for slow-front overvoltagefrom a.c. side Figure A.4 – Valve arrester stresses for earth fault between valveand upper bridge transformer bushing |
73 | Figure A.5 – Arrester V1 stress for earth fault between valveand upper bridge transformer bushing |
74 | Annex B (informative) Example of insulation co-ordination for capacitor commutated converters (CCC) and controlled series capacitor converters (CSCC) B.1 General B.2 Arrester protective scheme B.3 Arrester stresses, protection and insulation levels B.3.1 General |
75 | B.3.2 Transferred slow-front overvoltages from the a.c. side |
76 | B.3.3 Earth fault between valve and upper bridge transformer bushing |
79 | B.4 Transformer valve side withstand voltages B.4.1 Phase-to-phase B.4.2 Upper bridge transformer phase-to-earth (star) B.4.3 Lower bridge transformer phase-to-earth (delta) |
80 | B.5 Air-insulated smoothing reactors withstand voltages B.5.1 Slow-front terminal-to-terminal overvoltages B.5.2 Terminal-to-earth |
81 | B.6 Results |
82 | Figure B.1 – AC and d.c. arresters for CCC and CSCC converters |
83 | Figure B.2 – Valve arrester stresses for slow-front overvoltages from a.c. side |
84 | Figure B.3 – Arrester V2 stress for slow-front overvoltage from a.c. side |
86 | Figure B.4 – Valve arrester stresses for earth fault between valveand upper bridge transformer bushing |
87 | Figure B.5 – Arrester V1 stress for earth fault between valveand upper bridge transformer bushing |
88 | Figure B.6 – Stresses on capacitor arresters Ccc and Csc during earth fault between valve and upper bridge transformer bushing |
89 | Annex C (informative) Considerations for insulation co-ordination of some special converter configurations C.1 Procedure for insulation co-ordination of back-to-back type of HVDC links C.2 Procedure for insulation co-ordination of parallel valve groups C.2.1 General |
90 | C.2.2 AC bus arrester (A) C.2.3 AC filter arrester (FA) C.2.4 Valve arrester (V) C.2.5 Bridge arrester (B) and converter unit arrester (C) C.2.6 Mid-point arrester (M) C.2.7 Converter unit d.c. bus arrester (CB) Figure C.1 – Expanded HVDC converter with parallel valve groups |
91 | C.2.8 DC bus and d.c. line/cable arrester (DB and DL) C.2.9 Neutral bus arrester (E) C.2.10 DC reactor arrester (DR) C.2.11 DC filter arrester (FD) C.2.12 New converter stations with parallel valve groups C.3 Procedure for insulation co-ordination of upgrading existing systems with series-connected valve groups C.3.1 General |
92 | C.3.2 AC bus arrester (A) C.3.3 AC filter arrester (FA) C.3.4 Valve arrester (V) C.3.5 Bridge arrester (B) and converter unit arrester (C) C.3.6 Mid-point arrester (M) Figure C.2 – Upgraded HVDC converter with series valve group |
93 | C.3.7 Converter unit d.c. bus arrester (CB), d.c. bus and d.c. line/cable arrester (DB and DL) C.3.8 Neutral bus arrester (E) C.3.9 DC reactor arrester (DR) C.3.10 DC filter arrester (FD) C.4 Overvoltages in the a.c. network due to closely coupled HVDC links |
94 | C.5 Effect of gas-insulated switchgear on insulation co-ordination of HVDC converter stations |
95 | Annex D (informative) Typical arrester characteristics Figure D.1 – Typical arrester V-I characteristics |
96 | Bibliography |