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BS EN IEC 62477-1:2023

BS EN IEC 62477-1:2023

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Safety requirements for power electronic converter systems and equipment – General

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 260
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IEC 62477-1:2022 applies to power electronic converter systems (PECS), any specified accessories, and their components for electronic power conversion and electronic power switching, including the means for their control, protection, monitoring and measurement, such as with the main purpose of converting electric power, with rated system voltages not exceeding 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC. This document also applies to PECS which intentionally emit or receive radio waves for the purpose of radio communication. This document can also be used as a reference standard for product committees producing product standards for:

  • adjustable speed electric power drive systems (PDS);
  • standalone uninterruptible power systems (UPS);
  • low voltage stabilized DC power supplies;
  • bidirectional power converters.

For PECS and their specified accessories for which no product standard exists, this document provides minimum requirements for safety aspects. This document has the status of a group safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 for power electronic converter systems for solar, wind, tidal, wave, fuel cell or similar energy sources. According to IEC Guide 104, one of the responsibilities of technical committees is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications and/or group safety publications in the preparation of their product standards. Guidance for use of this group safety publication for product committees is given in Annex S. This document

  • establishes a common terminology for safety aspects relating to PECS,
  • establishes minimum requirements for the coordination of safety aspects of interrelated parts within a PECS,
  • establishes a common basis for minimum safety requirements for the PECS portion of products that contain PECS,
  • specifies requirements to reduce risks of fire, electric shock, thermal, energy and mechanical hazards, during use and operation and, where specifically stated, during service and maintenance, and
  • specifies minimum requirements to reduce risks with respect to PECS designed as pluggable and permanently connected equipment, whether it consists of a system of interconnected units or independent units, subject to installing, operating and maintaining the PECS in the manner prescribed by the manufacturer.

This document does not cover

  • telecommunications apparatus other than power supplies to such apparatus,
  • functional safety aspects as covered by, for example, IEC 61508 (all parts), and
  • electrical equipment and systems for railways applications and electr

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
7 Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
11 English
CONTENTS
20 FOREWORD
23 INTRODUCTION
25 1 Scope
26 2 Normative references
29 3 Terms and definitions
Tables
Table 1 – Alphabetical list of terms
42 4 Protection against hazards
4.1 General
4.2 Single fault conditions and abnormal operating conditions
43 4.3 Short-circuit and overload protection
4.3.1 General
45 4.3.2 Input short-circuit withstand strength and output short-circuit current ability
46 4.3.3 Short-circuit coordination (backup protection)
4.3.4 Protection by several devices
4.4 Protection against electric shock
4.4.1 General
48 Figures
Figure 1 – Protective means for protection against electric shock considering Class I equipment and Class II equipment
49 4.4.2 Decisive voltage class
Figure 2 – Protective means for protection against electric shock considering Class III equipment or accessible circuits of DVC As
51 Table 2 – Voltage limits for the decisive voltage classes DVC
52 Table 3 – Minimum protection requirements for circuit under consideration
53 4.4.3 Means for basic protection (protection against direct contact)
54 4.4.4 Means for fault protection (protection against indirect contact)
56 Figure 3 – Example of a PECS assembly and itsassociated protective equipotential bonding
57 Figure 4 – Example of a PECS assembly and itsassociated protective equipotential bonding through direct metallic contact
58 Table 4 – PE conductor cross-sectional area
61 Figure 5 – Time-voltage zones for accessible circuits of DVC As and DVC B –DC during single fault conditions
62 Figure 6 – Time-voltage zones for accessible circuits of DVC As and DVC B –AC peak during single fault conditions
63 Figure 7 – Time-voltage zones for conductive accessible partsduring single fault conditions
64 4.4.5 Means for enhanced protection
65 4.4.6 Protective means for equipment classes
Table 5 – Limits for access of touch current
67 4.4.7 Insulation
68 Table 6 – Definitions of pollution degrees
70 Table 7 – Impulse withstand voltage and temporary overvoltage versus system voltage
75 Table 8 – Clearances for functional insulation, basic insulation or supplementary insulation for inhomogeneous fields
78 Table 9 – Creepage distances
80 Table 10 – Generic materials for the direct support of uninsulated live parts
81 Table 11 – Thin sheet material thickness through insulation requirements
84 4.4.8 Compatibility with residual current-operated protective devices (RCD)
85 4.4.9 Capacitor discharge
4.5 Protection against electrical energy hazards
86 4.6 Protection against fire and thermal hazards
4.6.1 Circuits representing a fire hazard
4.6.2 Components representing a fire hazard
87 Table 12 – Flammability classes and classification standards
88 4.6.3 Fire enclosures
90 Figure 8 – Fire enclosure bottom openings below anunenclosed or partially enclosed fire-hazardous component
91 Figure 9 – Fire enclosure baffle construction
Table 13 – Permitted openings in fire enclosure bottoms
92 4.6.4 Temperature limits
93 Table 14 – Maximum measured temperatures for internal materials and components
95 4.6.5 Limited power sources
Table 15 – Maximum measured temperatures for accessible parts of the PECS
96 4.7 Protection against mechanical hazards
4.7.1 General
Table 16 – Limits for sources without an overcurrent protective device
Table 17 – Limits for power sources with an overcurrent protective device
97 4.7.2 Specific requirements for liquid cooled PECS
98 4.7.3 Mechanical hazards from rotating parts
99 4.7.4 Sharp edges
4.8 PECS with multiple sources of supply
100 4.9 Protection against environmental stresses
101 4.10 Protection against excessive acoustic noise hazards
Table 18 – Environmental service conditions
102 4.11 Wiring and connections
4.11.1 General
4.11.2 Insulation of conductors
Figure 10 – Example for interconnections within permanently connected PECS and between parts of them
103 Figure 11 – Example of cable as an arrangement of insulated conductors
104 4.11.3 Stranded wire
4.11.4 Routing and clamping
4.11.5 Identification of conductors and terminals
105 4.11.6 Splices and connections
4.11.7 Accessible connections
106 4.11.8 Interconnections between parts of the PECS
4.11.9 Supply connections
107 Figure 12 – Detachable mains supply cords and connections
108 4.11.10 Field wiring terminals and internal terminals
109 Table 19 – Wire bending space from terminals to enclosure
110 4.11.11 Means for shield connection of shielded wire or shielded cable
4.12 Enclosures
4.12.1 General
Figure 13 – Example for evaluation of wire bending space
111 4.12.2 Handles and manual controls
4.12.3 Cast metal
112 4.12.4 Sheet metal
Figure 14 – Supported and unsupported enclosure parts
113 Table 20 – Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: carbon steel or stainless steel
114 4.12.5 Stability requirement for enclosure
Table 21 – Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: aluminium, copper or brass
115 4.12.6 Strain relief
4.12.7 Polymeric enclosure stress relief
4.12.8 Polymeric enclosure UV resistance
4.13 Components
4.13.1 General
116 4.13.2 PTC thermistors
4.13.3 Mains supply cords
4.13.4 Capacitors and RC units bridging insulation
4.13.5 Wound components
117 4.13.6 Plug and socket-outlets
4.14 Protection against electromagnetic fields
5 Test requirements
5.1 General
5.1.1 Test objectives and classification
5.1.2 Selection of test samples
5.1.3 Sequence of tests
118 5.1.4 Earthing conditions
5.1.5 General conditions for tests
Table 22 – Environmental conditions for tests
119 5.1.6 Compliance
5.1.7 Test overview
Table 23 – Test overview
121 5.2 Test specifications
5.2.1 Visual inspection (type test and routine test)
5.2.2 Mechanical tests
127 Figure 15 – Impact test using a steel ball
129 Table 24 – Pull values for handles and manual control securement
Table 25 – Values for physical tests on strain relief of enclosure
130 5.2.3 Electrical tests
131 Table 26 – Impulse withstand voltage test procedure
132 Table 27 – Impulse withstand voltage test
134 Table 28 – AC or DC test voltage for circuits connecteddirectly to mains supply
Table 29 – AC or DC test voltage for circuits connected tonon-mains supply without temporary overvoltages
136 Figure 16 – Voltage test procedures
138 Figure 17 – Partial discharge test procedure
Table 30 – Partial discharge test
143 Figure 18 – Protective equipotential bonding impedance test for separate PECSwith power fed from the PECS with protection for the power cable
144 Figure 19 – Protective equipotential bonding impedance test for sub-assemblywith accessible parts and with power fed from the PECS
145 Table 31 – Test duration for protective equipotential bonding test
147 Figure 20 – Electric strength test instrument
148 Figure 21 – Mandrel
Figure 22 – Initial position of mandrel
Figure 23 – Final position of mandrel
149 Figure 24 – Position of metal foil on insulating material
150 5.2.4 Abnormal operation and simulated faults tests
154 Table 32 – AC short-time withstand current test, minimum PECS requirements
157 5.2.5 Material tests
Figure 25 – Circuit for high-current arcing test
159 Figure 26 – Test fixture for hot-wire ignition test
162 5.2.6 Environmental tests (type tests)
Table 33 – Environmental tests
163 Table 34 – Dry heat test (steady state)
164 Table 35 – Damp heat test (steady state)
165 Table 36 – Vibration test
Table 37 – Salt mist test
166 5.2.7 Hydrostatic pressure test (type test, routine test)
Table 38 – Dust test
Table 39 – Sand test
167 5.2.8 Electromagnetic fields (EMF)
6 Information and marking requirements
6.1 General
168 Table 40 – Marking location
169 6.2 Information for selection
6.2.1 General
171 6.2.2 Instructions and markings pertaining to accessories
6.3 Information for installation and commissioning
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Mechanical considerations
6.3.3 Environment
6.3.4 Handling and mounting
172 6.3.5 Enclosure temperature
6.3.6 Open type PECS
6.3.7 Connections
174 6.3.8 Commissioning
6.3.9 Protection requirements
176 6.4 Information for intended use
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Adjustment
177 6.4.3 Labels, signs, symbols and signals
179 6.4.4 Hot surfaces
6.4.5 Control and device marking
6.5 Supplementary information
6.5.1 Maintenance
180 6.5.2 Capacitor discharge
6.5.3 Auto restart/bypass connection
6.5.4 Other hazards
6.5.5 PECS with multiple sources of supply
6.5.6 Replaceable fuses in neutral of single-phase PECS
182 Annexes
Annex A (normative)Additional information for protection against electric shock
A.1 General
A.2 Protection by means of DVC As
A.3 Protection by means of protective impedance
Figure A.1 – Protection by DVC As with enhanced protection
183 A.4 Protection by using limited voltages
Figure A.2 – Protection by means of protective impedance
Figure A.3 – Protection by using limited voltages
184 A.5 Evaluation of the working voltage of circuits
A.5.1 General
A.5.2 Classification of the working voltage
185 A.5.3 AC working voltage
A.5.4 DC working voltage
Figure A.4 – Typical waveform for AC working voltage
Figure A.5 – Typical waveform for DC working voltage
186 A.5.5 Pulsating working voltage
Figure A.6 – Typical waveform for pulsating working voltage
187 A.6 The concept of protective means according to 4.4
A.6.1 General
A.6.2 Examples of the use of elements of protective means
188 Table A.1 – Examples for protection against electric shock
189 Annex B (informative)Considerations for the reduction of the pollution degree
B.1 General
B.2 Factors influencing the pollution degree
B.3 Reduction of influencing factors
190 Annex C (informative)Symbols referred to in this document
C.1 Symbols used
Table C.1 – Symbols used
191 C.2 Determination of contrast
193 Annex D (normative)Evaluation of clearance and creepage distances
D.1 Measurement
D.2 Relationship of measurement to pollution degree
Table D.1 – Width of grooves by pollution degree
194 D.3 Examples
Figure D.1 – Example of measurements including a groove
Figure D.2 – Example of measurements including a groove
Figure D.3 – Example of measurements including a groove
195 Figure D.4 – Example of measurements including a rib
Figure D.5 – Example of measurements providing protection of type 2
Figure D.6 – Example of measurements providing protection of type 1
196 Figure D.7 – Example of measurements providing protection of type 1
Figure D.8 – Example of measurements providing protection of type 1
Figure D.9 – Example of measurements including a barrier (cemented joint)
197 Figure D.10 – Example of measurements including a barrier
Figure D.11 – Example of measurements including a gap
198 Figure D.12 – Example of measurements including a gap
Figure D.13 – Example of measurements including an isolated conductive part
Figure D.14 – Example of measurements in inner layer of PWB
199 Figure D.15 – Example of measurements on enclosure of insulating material to a part inside
200 Annex E (normative)Altitude correction for clearances
E.1 Correction factor for clearances at altitudes above 2 000 m
E.2 Test voltages for verifying clearances at different altitudes
Table E.1 – Correction factor for clearances at altitudes between 2 000 m and 20 000 m
201 Table E.2 – Test voltages for verifying clearances at different altitudes
202 Annex F (normative)Clearance and creepage distance determination forfrequencies greater than 30 kHz
F.1 General influence of the frequency on the withstand characteristics
F.2 Clearance
F.2.1 General
203 F.2.2 Clearance for inhomogenous fields
Figure F.1 – Diagram for dimensioning of clearances
204 F.2.3 Clearance for approximately homogenous fields
Table F.1 – Minimum values of clearances in air at atmospheric pressure for inhomogeneous field conditions
Table F.2 – Multiplication factors for clearances in air at atmospheric pressurefor approximately homogeneous field conditions
205 F.3 Creepage distance
Figure F.2 – Diagram for dimensioning of creepage distances
206 F.4 Solid insulation
F.4.1 General
F.4.2 Approximately uniform field distribution without air gaps or voids
Table F.3 – Minimum values of creepage distances for different frequency ranges
207 F.4.3 Other cases
Figure F.3 – Permissible field strength for dimensioning of solid insulationaccording to Formula (F.1)
208 Annex G (informative)Cross-sections of round conductors
Table G.1 – Standard cross-sections of round conductors
209 Annex H (informative)Guidelines for RCD compatibility
H.1 Selection of RCD type
Figure H.1 – Flow chart leading to selection of the RCD type upstream of a PECS
210 H.2 Fault current waveforms
Figure H.2 – Symbols for marking depending on the type of RCD
212 Figure H.3 – Fault current waveforms in connectionswith power electronic converter devices
213 Annex I (informative)Examples of overvoltage category reduction
I.1 General
I.2 Protection to the surroundings (see 4.4.7.2)
I.2.1 Circuits connected to mains supply (see 4.4.7.2.3)
Figure I.1 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the originof the installation mains supply
214 Figure I.2 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the mains supply
Figure I.3 – Basic protection evaluation for single and three phase PECSnot permanently connected to the mains supply
Figure I.4 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the originof the installation mains supply where internal SPDs are used
215 Figure I.5 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the mains supplywhere internal SPDs are used
Figure I.6 – Example of enhanced protection evaluation for circuits connectedto the mains supply where internal SPDs are used
Figure I.7 – Example of enhanced protection evaluation for circuits connectedto the mains supply where internal SPDs are used
216 I.2.2 Circuits connected to the non-mains supply (see 4.4.7.2.4)
I.2.3 Protection between circuits (see 4.4.7.2.7)
Figure I.8 –Example of enhanced protection evaluation for circuits connectedto the mains supply where internal SPDs are used
Figure I.9 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the non-mains supply
Figure I.10 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the the origin of the installation non-mains supply
217 I.3 Functional insulation (see 4.4.7.3)
I.4 Further examples
Figure I.11 – Functional insulation evaluation within circuits affectedby external transients
Figure I.12 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the mains supply
Figure I.13 – Insulation evaluation for accessible circuit of DVC As
218 I.5 Circuits with multiple supplies (see 4.4.7.2.1)
Figure I.14 – PEC with mains supply and non-mains supply without galvanic isolation
Figure I.15 – Transformer (basic protected) PEC inverter with SPD and transformerto reduce impulse voltage for functional and basic protection
219 Annex J (informative)Burn thresholds for touchable surfaces
J.1 General
J.2 Burn thresholds
Figure J.1 – Burn threshold spread when the skin is in contactwith a hot smooth surface made of bare (uncoated) metal
220 Figure J.2 – Rise in the burn threshold spread from Figure J.1 for metalswhich are coated by shellac varnish
Figure J.3 – Rise in the burn threshold spread from Figure J.1for metals coated with the specific materials
221 Figure J.4 – Burn threshold spread when the skin is in contactwith a hot smooth surface made of ceramics, glass and stone materials
222 Figure J.5 – Burn threshold spread when the skin is in contactwith a hot smooth surface made of plastics
223 Annex K (informative)Table of electrochemical potentials
Table K.1 – Table of electrochemical potentials
224 Annex L (informative)Measuring instrument for touch current measurements
L.1 Measuring instrument 1
L.2 Measuring instrument 2
Figure L.1 – Measuring instrument 1
Figure L.2 – Measuring instrument 2
225 L.3 Measuring instrument 3
226 Annex M (normative)Test probes for determining access
Figure M.1 – Sphere 50 mm probe according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe A
227 Figure M.2 – Jointed test finger according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe B
228 Figure M.3 – Test rod 2,5 mm according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe C
Figure M.4 – Sphere 12,5 mm test probe according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe 2
229 Annex N (informative)Guidance regarding short-circuit current
N.1 General
230 N.2 Coordination of short-circuit current
N.2.1 General
N.2.2 Conditional short-circuit current (Icc) and minimum required prospective short-circuit current (Icp, mr)
231 Figure N.1 – Example of short-circuit current curve under specification of Icc
232 N.2.3 Short-time withstand current (Icw)
Figure N.2 – Example of tripping characteristic of a circuit breaker
Figure N.3 – Example of tripping characteristic of a current-limiting fuse
233 N.3 Guidance for specification of short-circuit current and short-circuit protective device
N.3.1 General
Figure N.4 – Example of short-circuit current curve under specification of Icw
234 N.3.2 Example 1: Two or more PECS with different ratings
Figure N.5 – Two PECS with different specifications
235 N.3.3 Specification of Icc
N.3.4 Specification of Icw
236 N.3.5 Example 2: One PECS with more than one rating
Figure N.6 – One PECS with different specification for each input mains supply port
237 N.3.6 Additional explanation on terms, definitions and specifications
238 N.4 Short-circuit rating and single fault conditions testing
N.4.1 General
239 Figure N.7 – Flowchart for classification of Icc or Icw
240 N.4.2 Exemption from short-time withstand current testing
N.5 Guideline for short-circuit analysis
241 Annex O (informative)Guidelines for determination of clearance and creepage distances
O.1 Guideline for determination of clearances
Figure O.1 – Flowchart for determination of clearance
242 O.2 Guideline for determination of creepage distances
O.3 Minimum spacings within solid insulation or similar
Figure O.2 – Flowchart for determination of creepage distance
243 Table O.1 – Minimum spacings within solid insulation or similar
244 Annex P (informative)Protection of persons against electromagnetic fieldsfor frequencies from 0 Hz up to 300 GHz
P.1 General influence of electromagnetic fields to persons
P.1.1 General
P.1.2 Low-frequency electric fields effects (1 Hz to 100 kHz)
P.1.3 Low-frequency magnetic fields effects (1 Hz to 100 kHz)
P.1.4 Low-frequency electric and magnetic fields effects
P.1.5 High-frequency electromagnetic fields effects (100 kHz to 300 GHz)
245 P.1.6 Current knowledge on low-level effects
P.1.7 Biological effects versus adverse health effects
P.1.8 Influence of EMF on passive and active medical implants
P.2 Requirements from ICNIRP LF guidelines against exposure to EMF
P.2.1 Adoption of exposure limits from ICNIRP
246 Table P.1 – Limits of EMF for general public exposure
247 P.2.2 Limits of EMF exposure for transportation and storage
P.3 Protection of persons against exposure of EMF
P.3.1 General
Table P.2 – Limits of EMF for occupational exposure
Table P.3 – Limits for magnetic flux density of static magnetic fields (2013/35/EU)
248 P.3.2 EMF requirements for general public access areas
P.3.3 EMF requirements for general access areas, service access areas and restricted access areas
P.3.4 EMF requirements for transportation and storage
249 P.4 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) test (type test)
P.4.1 General test set up for EMF
P.4.2 EMF test (type test)
P.5 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) marking
Table P.4 – EMF test overview
250 Annex Q (informative)Maximum disconnection times
Table 41.1 – Maximum disconnection times
251 Annex R (informative)Risk assessment according to IEC Guide 116
R.1 General
R.2 Risk assessment
Table R.1 – Risk assessment
253 Annex S (informative)Guidance to product technical committees
254 Bibliography

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BS EN IEC 62477-1:2023
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