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BS IEC 60479-2:2019

BS IEC 60479-2:2019

$198.66

Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Special aspects

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2019 60
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IEC 60479-2:2019 describes the effects on the human body when a sinusoidal alternating current in the frequency range above 100 Hz passes through it. The effects of current passing through the human body for: – alternating sinusoidal current with DC components, – alternating sinusoidal current with phase control, and – alternating sinusoidal current with multicycle control are given but are only deemed applicable for alternating current frequencies from 15 Hz up to 100 Hz. Means of extending the frequency of applicability of pure sinusoids to a frequency of 150 kHz are given and means of examining random complex irregular waveforms are given. This document describes the effects of current passing through the human body in the form of single and multiple successive unidirectional rectangular impulses, sinusoidal impulses and impulses resulting from capacitor discharges. The values specified are deemed to be applicable for impulse durations from 0,1 ms up to and including 10 ms. This document only considers conducted current resulting from the direct application of a source of current to the body, as does IEC 60479-1. It does not consider current induced within the body caused by its exposure to an external electromagnetic field. This basic safety publication is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. It is not intended for use by manufacturers or certification bodies. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test methods or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications. This first edition cancels and replaces IEC TS 60479-2:2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 60479 2:2017: a) change in status from Technical Specification to International Standard.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
7 FOREWORD
9 INTRODUCTION
10 1 Scope
2 Normative references
11 3 Terms and definitions
13 4 Effects of alternating currents with frequencies above 100 Hz
4.1 General
14 4.2 Effects of alternating current in the frequency range above 100 Hz up to and including 1 000 Hz
4.2.1 Threshold of perception
4.2.2 Threshold of let-go
Figures
Figure 1 – Variation of the threshold of perception within the frequency range 50/60 Hz to 1 000 Hz
15 4.2.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
Figure 2 – Variation of the threshold of let-go within the frequency range 50/60 Hz to 1 000 Hz
Figure 3 – Variation of the threshold of ventricular fibrillation within the frequency range 50/60 Hz to 1 000 Hz, shock durations longer than one heart period and longitudinal current paths through the trunk of the body
16 4.3 Effects of alternating current in the frequency range above 1 000 Hz up to and including 10 000 Hz
4.3.1 Threshold of perception
4.3.2 Threshold of let-go
Figure 4 – Variation of the threshold of perception within the frequency range 1 000 Hz to 10 000 Hz
Figure 5 – Variation of the threshold of let-go within the frequency range 1 000 Hz to 10 000 Hz
17 4.3.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
4.4 Effects of alternating current in the frequency range above 10 000 Hz
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Threshold of perception
4.4.3 Threshold of let-go
4.4.4 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
18 4.4.5 Other effects
5 Effects of special waveforms of current
5.1 General
5.2 Equivalent magnitude, frequency and threshold
Figure 6 – Variation of the threshold of ventricular fibrillation for continuous sinusoidal current (1 000 Hz to 150 kHz)
19 5.3 Effects of alternating current with DC components
5.3.1 Waveforms and frequencies and current thresholds
20 5.3.2 Threshold of startle reaction
Figure 7 – Waveforms of currents
21 5.3.3 Threshold of let-go
Figure 8 – Let-go thresholds for men, women and children
22 5.3.4 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
Figure 9 – 99,5-percentile let-go threshold for combinations of 50/60 Hz sinusoidal alternating current and direct current
24 Figure 10 – Composite alternating and direct current with equivalent likelihood of ventricular fibrillation
25 Figure 11 – Waveforms of rectified alternating currents
26 6 Effects of alternating current with phase control
6.1 Waveforms and frequencies and current thresholds
27 6.2 Threshold of startle reaction and threshold of let-go
6.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
6.3.1 General
Figure 12 – Waveforms of alternating currents with phase control
28 6.3.2 Symmetrical control
6.3.3 Asymmetrical control
7 Effects of alternating current with multicyle control
7.1 Waveforms and frequencies
29 7.2 Threshold of startle reaction and threshold of let-go
7.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
7.3.1 General
Figure 13 – Waveforms of alternating currents calculated with multicycle control factor
30 7.3.2 Shock durations longer than 1,5 times the period of the cardiac cycle
7.3.3 Shock durations less than 0,75 times the period of the cardiac cycle
8 Estimation of the equivalent current threshold for mixed frequencies
8.1 Threshold of perception and let-go
Figure 14 – Threshold of ventricular fibrillation (average value) for alternating current with multicycle control for various degrees of controls (results of experiments with young pigs)
31 8.2 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
9 Effects of current pulse bursts and random complex irregular waveforms
9.1 Ventricular fibrillation threshold of multiple pulses of current separated by 300 ms or more
9.2 Ventricular fibrillation threshold of multiple pulses of current separated by less than 300 ms
9.2.1 General
32 9.2.2 Examples
Tables
Table 1 – Estimate for ventricular fibrillation threshold after each pulse of current in a series of pulses each of which excited the heart tissue in such a manner as to trigger ventricular responses
33 Figure 15 – Series of four rectangular pulses of unidirectional current
Figure 16 – Series of four rectangular pulses of unidirectional current
34 9.2.3 Random complex irregular waveforms
Figure 17 – Series of four rectangular pulses of unidirectional current
35 Figure 18 – Example of current versus elapsed time overa contaminated insulator
36 10 Effects of electric current through the immersed human body
10.1 General
10.2 Resistivity of water solutions and of the human body
Figure 19 – PC plotted on the AC time current curves (IEC 60479-1:2018, Figure 20)
37 Table 2 – Resistivity of water solutions [24], [25]
38 10.3 Conducted current through immersed body
Table 3 – Resistivity of human body tissues
39 10.4 Physiological effects of current through the immersed body
Table 4 – Relative interaction between the resistivity of water solution and the impedance characteristic of the electrical source
40 10.5 Threshold values of current
10.6 Intrinsically “safe” voltage values
11 Effects of unidirectional single impulse currents of short duration
11.1 General
41 11.2 Effects of unidirectional impulse currents of short duration
11.2.1 Waveforms
42 11.2.2 Determination of specific fibrillating energy Fe
Figure 20 – Forms of current for rectangular impulses,sinusoidal impulses and for capacitor discharges
43 11.3 Threshold of perception and threshold of pain for capacitor discharge
Figure 21 – Rectangular impulse, sinusoidal impulse and capacitor discharge havingthe same specific fibrillating energy and the same shock duration
44 Figure 22 – Threshold of perception and threshold of pain for the current resulting from the discharge of a capacitor (dry hands, large contact area)
45 11.4 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
11.4.1 General
46 11.4.2 Examples
Figure 23 – Probability of fibrillation risks for current flowingin the path left hand to feet
47 Table 5 – Effects of shocks
48 Table 6 – Effects of shocks
49 Annexes
Annex A (informative) Random complex irregular waveform analysis
A.1 General
A.2 Formal theoretical statement of the method
Figure A.1 – Definition of a segment of a random complex waveform
Figure A.2 – Definition of a duration within a sample
50 A.3 Demonstration of the calculation
A.3.1 General
52 A.3.2 Choice of justified current
A.3.3 Choice of sampling step size
Figure A.3 – PC for demonstration example of the random complex waveformmethod plotted against time-current curves for RMS AC
53 A.4 Examples 1 and 2
Figure A.4 – Random complex waveform typical of those used in Example 1
54 Figure A.5 – Random complex waveform typical of those used in Example 2
55 Figure A.6 – PC for Examples 1 and 2 of the random complex waveformmethod plotted against time-current curves for RMS AC
56 Bibliography

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BS IEC 60479-2:2019
$198.66