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BSI PD CEN/TR 16588:2014

BSI PD CEN/TR 16588:2014

$167.15

Manual measurement of snow water equivalent

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2014 40
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This Technical Report defines the requirements for manual measurements of SWE over land, see ice and glaciers, under natural environmental conditions, and shows methods for calculating the spatial distribution of the data. It includes measurements with snow tubes, core drills and density cutters.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 Contents Page
6 Foreword
7 Introduction
8 1 Scope
2 Terms and definitions
12 3 Symbols
4 Objective
4.1 Spatial estimation of SWE
13 4.2 Snow load assessment
4.3 Snow profile
4.4 Water content in newly fallen snow
14 4.5 Reference to automatic SWE measurements
5 Principle of manual SWE measurements
6 Measurement sites
6.1 General
15 6.2 Manual measurements
16 7 Measurements
7.1 General
7.2 Snow density
17 7.3 Snow depth
7.3.1 Manual probing
7.3.2 Manual readings on fixed snow stakes
7.3.3 Automatic recording
18 7.3.4 Remote sensing
8 Manual SWE sampling methods
8.1 General
8.2 Snow tubes
19 8.3 Core drills
8.4 Density cutters
20 9 Spatial estimation
9.1 General
9.2 Interpolation methods
21 9.3 Snow courses
9.4 Regression modelling
22 9.5 Hydrologic and land surface modelling
9.6 Remote sensing systems for snow monitoring
23 10 Maintenance
11 Uncertainties
11.1 Environmental factors
11.2 Technical factors
24 11.3 Human factors
12 Assessment of quality
13 Measurement uncertainty
14 Recommendations
26 Annex A (informative) List of methods for determination of SWE in total snowpack
27 Annex B (informative) Manual SWE measuring bodies in Europe
28 Annex C (informative) Determination of mass of snow sample
29 Annex D (informative) Determination of water volume in snow sample
30 Annex E (informative) Snow stakes
31 Annex F (informative) List of samplers for detection of SWE
32 Annex G (informative) Snow tubes
33 Annex H (informative) Core drills
34 Annex I (informative) Density cutters
35 Annex J (informative) On-line glossaries
36 Bibliography

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BSI PD CEN/TR 16588:2014
$167.15