This part of IEC 60919 provides general guidance on the steady-state performance requirements of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. It concerns the steady-state performance of two-terminal HVDC systems utilizing 12-pulse converter units comprised of three-phase bridge (double-way) connections (see Figure 1), but it does not cover multi-terminal HVDC transmission systems. Both terminals are assumed to use thyristor valves as the main semiconductor valves and to have power flow capability in both directions. Diode valves are not considered in this document.

Only line-commutated converters are covered in this document, which includes capacitor commutated converter circuit configurations. General aspects of semiconductor line-commutated converters are given in IEC 60146-1-1, IEC TR 60146-1-2 and IEC 60146-1-3. Voltage-sourced converters are not considered.

The distinction is made between system performance specifications and equipment design specifications for individual components of a system. Equipment specifications and testing requirements are not defined in this document. Also excluded from this document are detailed seismic performance requirements. In addition, because there are many variations between different possible HVDC systems, this document does not consider these in detail; consequently, it is not used directly as a specification for a particular project, but rather to provide the basis for an appropriate specification tailored to fit actual system requirements.

This document, which covers steady-state performance, is followed by the additional documents of IEC TR 60919-2 on faults and switching as well as IEC TR 60919-3 on dynamic-conditions. All three aspects are considered when preparing two-terminal HVDC system specifications.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
2	undefined
4	CONTENTS
10	FOREWORD
12	INTRODUCTION
13	1 Scope Figures Figure 1 – Twelve-pulse converter unit
14	2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Types of HVDC systems 4.1 General 4.2 HVDC back-to-back system
15	4.3 Monopolar HVDC system with earth return Figure 2 – Examples of back-to-back HVDC systems
16	Figure 3 – Monopolar HVDC system with earth return
17	Figure 4 – Two 12-pulse units in series
18	4.4 Monopolar HVDC system with metallic return Figure 5 – Two 12-pulse units in parallel
19	4.5 Bipolar earth return HVDC system Figure 6 – Monopolar HVDC system with metallic return
20	Figure 7 – Bipolar system
21	Figure 8 – Metallic return operation of the unfaulted pole in a bipolar system
22	4.6 Bipolar HVDC system with metallic return
23	4.7 Two 12-pulse groups per pole Figure 9 – Bipolar HVDC system with metallic return
25	Figure 10 – Bipolar system with two 12-pulse units in series per pole
26	4.8 Converter transformer arrangements Figure 11 – Bipolar system with two 12-pulse units in parallel per pole
27	4.9 DC switching considerations
28	Figure 12 – DC switching of line conductors
29	Figure 13 – DC switching of converter poles
30	4.10 Series-capacitor-compensated HVDC systems Figure 14 – DC switching – Overhead line to cable
31	Figure 15 – DC switching – Two bipolar converters and lines
32	Figure 16 – DC switching – Intermediate
33	Figure 17 – Capacitor commutated converter configurations
34	4.11 LCC/VSC hybrid bipolar system
35	5 Environment information Figure 18 – LCC/VSC hybrid bipolar system
36	Tables Table 1 – Information supplied for HVDC substation
38	6 Rated power, current and voltage 6.1 Rated power 6.1.1 General 6.1.2 Rated power of an HVDC system with transmission line 6.1.3 Rated power of an HVDC back-to-back system
39	6.1.4 Direction of power flow 6.2 Rated current 6.3 Rated voltage 7 Overload and equipment capability 7.1 Overload
40	7.2 Equipment capability 7.2.1 General 7.2.2 Converter valve capability
41	7.2.3 Capability of oil-cooled transformers and reactors 7.2.4 AC harmonic filter and reactive power compensation equipment capability 7.2.5 Switchgear and buswork capability 8 Minimum power transfer and no-load stand-by state 8.1 General 8.2 Minimum current
42	8.3 Reduced direct voltage operation 8.4 No-load stand-by state 8.4.1 General 8.4.2 Converter transformers – No-load stand-by 8.4.3 Converter valves – No-load stand-by
43	8.4.4 AC filters and reactive compensation – No-load stand-by 8.4.5 DC reactors and DC filters – No-load stand-by 8.4.6 Auxiliary power system – No-load stand-by 8.4.7 Control and protection – No-load stand-by 9 AC system 9.1 General 9.2 AC voltage 9.2.1 Rated AC voltage 9.2.2 Steady-state voltage range
44	9.2.3 Negative sequence voltage 9.3 Frequency 9.3.1 Rated frequency
45	9.3.2 Steady-state frequency range 9.3.3 Short-term frequency variation 9.3.4 Frequency variation during emergency 9.4 System impedance at fundamental frequency 9.5 System impedance at harmonic frequencies 9.6 Positive and zero-sequence surge impedance
46	9.7 Other sources of harmonics 9.8 Subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) 10 Reactive power 10.1 General 10.2 Conventional HVDC systems
47	Figure 19 – Variations of reactive power Q with active power P of an HVDC converter
48	10.3 Series capacitor compensated HVDC schemes 10.4 Converter reactive power consumption 10.5 Reactive power balance with the AC system 10.6 Reactive power supply
49	10.7 Maximum size of switchable VAR banks 11 HVDC transmission line, earth electrode line and earth electrode 11.1 General 11.2 Overhead line(s) 11.2.1 General 11.2.2 Electrical parameters
50	11.3 Cable line(s) 11.3.1 General 11.3.2 Electrical parameters
51	11.4 Earth electrode line 11.5 Earth electrode 12 Reliability 12.1 General 12.2 Outage 12.2.1 General 12.2.2 Scheduled outage 12.2.3 Forced outage
52	12.3 Capacity 12.3.1 General 12.3.2 Maximum continuous capacity Pm 12.3.3 Outage capacity Po 12.3.4 Outage derating factor (ODF) 12.4 Outage duration terms 12.4.1 Actual outage duration (AOD) 12.4.2 Equivalent outage duration (EOD) 12.4.3 Period hours (PH)
53	12.4.4 Actual outage hours (AOH) 12.4.5 Equivalent outage hours (EOH) 12.5 Energy unavailability (EU) 12.5.1 General 12.5.2 Forced energy unavailability (FEU)
54	12.5.3 Scheduled energy unavailability (SEU) 12.6 Energy availability (EA) 12.7 Maximum permitted number of forced outages 12.8 Statistical probability of outages 12.8.1 Component faults 12.8.2 External faults 13 HVDC control 13.1 Control objectives
55	13.2 Control structure 13.2.1 General 13.2.2 Converter unit firing control
56	13.2.3 Pole control
57	Figure 20 – Control hierarchy for HVDC/UHVDC system
58	13.2.4 HVDC substation control
59	Figure 21 – Converter voltage-current characteristic
60	13.2.5 Master control 13.3 Control order settings 13.4 Current limits
61	13.5 Control circuit redundancy 13.6 Protection system 13.7 Measurements
62	14 Telecommunication 14.1 Types of telecommunication links 14.2 Telephone 14.3 Power line carrier (PLC)
63	14.4 Microwave 14.5 Radio link 14.6 Optical fibre telecommunication 14.7 Classification of data to be transmitted
64	14.8 Fast response telecommunication 14.9 Reliability
65	15 Auxiliary power supplies 15.1 General 15.2 Reliability and load classification
66	15.3 AC auxiliary supplies 15.4 Batteries and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
67	15.5 Emergency supply 16 Audible noise 16.1 General 16.2 Public nuisance 16.2.1 General
68	16.2.2 Valves and valve coolers 16.2.3 Converter transformers 16.2.4 DC reactors 16.2.5 AC filter reactors 16.3 Noise in working areas
69	17 Harmonic interference – AC 17.1 AC side harmonic generation 17.2 Filters
70	Figure 22 – Examples of AC filter connections for a bipole HVDC system
71	Figure 23 – Circuit diagrams for different filter types
72	17.3 Interference disturbance criteria
73	17.4 Levels for interference
74	17.5 Filter performance 18 Harmonic interference – DC 18.1 DC side interference 18.1.1 Harmonic currents in HVDC transmission line 18.1.2 Characteristic and non-characteristic harmonics
75	18.1.3 Groups of harmonics 18.1.4 Calculation of harmonic currents 18.1.5 Calculation of induced voltages 18.1.6 Personnel safety 18.1.7 DC filters
76	18.2 DC filter performance 18.2.1 Requirements for voice communication circuits 18.2.2 Levels of interference 18.2.3 Safety
77	18.3 Specification requirements 18.3.1 Economic level of filtering Table 2 – Performance parameters for voice communication circuits: Subscribers and trunk circuits
78	18.3.2 General criteria 18.3.3 Factors to be taken into account for calculations
79	18.3.4 Calculation of currents 19 Power line carrier interference (PLC) 19.1 General
80	19.2 Performance specification
81	20 Radio frequency interference 20.1 General Figure 24 – RY COM interference meter results averaged – Typical plot of converter interference levels on the DC line
82	20.2 RFI from HVDC systems 20.2.1 RFI sources 20.2.2 RFI propagation 20.2.3 RFI characteristics
83	20.3 RFI performance specification 20.3.1 RFI risk assessment 20.3.2 Specification RFI limit and its verification
84	20.3.3 Design aspects 21 Power losses 21.1 General Figure 25 – Recommended measurement procedure with definition of measuring point
85	21.2 Main contributing sources 21.2.1 General 21.2.2 AC filters and reactive power compensation 21.2.3 Converter bridges 21.2.4 Converter transformer 21.2.5 DC reactor
86	21.2.6 DC filter 21.2.7 Auxiliary equipment 21.2.8 Other components 22 Provision for extensions to the HVDC systems 22.1 General 22.2 Specification for extensions
88	Figure 26 – Extension methods for HVDC systems
89	Annex A (informative) Factors affecting reliability and availability of converter stations A.1 Design and documentation A.1.1 General A.1.2 General design principles
90	A.1.3 More detailed design principles A.1.4 Software design principles
91	A.1.5 RAM records A.2 Operation A.2.1 Training
92	A.2.2 Maintenance programs affecting reliability
93	A.2.3 Spare parts
96	Bibliography

Status	Definitive
Pages	98
Publication Date	2020-04-30
ISBN	978 0 580 52426 4
Standard Number	PD IEC TR 60919-1:2020
Title	Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line‑commutated converters – Steady-state conditions
Identical National Standard Of	IEC TR 60919-1:2020
Replaces	PD IEC/TR 60919-1:2010+A2:2017
Descriptors	Alternating current, Electrical connections, Electric substations, Electric convertors, Electric filters, Frequencies, Electric power transmission, Control systems, Direct-current power transmission, Direct current, Electrical faults, High voltage, Electric power distribution lines, Harmonics
Publisher	BSI
Committee	PEL/22
ICS Codes	29.240.99 - Other equipment related to power transmission and distribution networks


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