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BSI PD IEC TR 61292-4:2023

BSI PD IEC TR 61292-4:2023

$167.15

Optical amplifiers – Maximum permissible optical power for the damage-free and safe use of optical amplifiers, including Raman amplifiers

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 36
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
6 FOREWORD
8 INTRODUCTION
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
10 3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Maximum transmissible optical power to keep fibres damage-free
4.1 General
11 4.2 Fibre fuse and its propagation
Figures
Figure 1 ā€“ Experimental set-up for fibre fuse propagation
Tables
Table 1 ā€“ Threshold power of fibre fuse propagation for various fibres
12 4.3 Loss-induced heating at connectors or splices
Table 2 ā€“ Measurement conditions
13 4.4 Connector endface damage induced by dust/contamination
Figure 2 ā€“ Connection loss versus temperature increase
Figure 3 ā€“ Test set-up
14 Figure 4 ā€“ Surface condition contaminated with metal filings, before the test
15 4.5 Fibre coat burn/melt induced by tight fibre bending
Figure 5 ā€“ Variation of power attenuation during test at several power input values for plugs contaminated with metal filings
Figure 6 ā€“ Polishing surface condition contaminated with metal filing, after test
16 4.6 Summary of the fibre damage
Figure 7 ā€“ Thermo viewer image of tightly bent SMF with optical power of 3 W at 1 480 nm
Figure 8 ā€“ Temperature of the coating surface of SMFs against bending with optical power of 3 W at 1 480 nm
17 5 Maximum transmissible optical power to keep eyes and skin safe
5.1 Maximum transmissible exposure (MPE) on the surface of eye and skin
5.2 Maximum permissible optical power in the fibre for the safety of eye and skin
5.2.1 Power limit
18 5.2.2 Need for APR
Table 3 ā€“ Examples of power limits for optical fibre communication systems having automatic power reduction to reduce emissions to a lower hazard level
19 5.2.3 Wavelengths
5.2.4 Locations
5.2.5 Nominal ocular hazard distance (NOHD)
5.2.6 Power reduction times
Table 4 ā€“ Location types within an optical fibre communicationsystem and their typical installations
20 5.2.7 Medical aspects of the safety of eyes and skin in existing standards
Figure 9 ā€“ Maximum permissible power in the fibre against APR power reduction time
21 6 Maximum optical power permissible for optical amplifiers from the viewpoint of fibre damage as well as eye and skin safety
7 Conclusion
22 Annex A (informative) General information for optical fibre fuse
A.1 Introductory remark
A.2 Generating mechanism
Figure A.1 ā€“ Front part of the fibre fuse damage generated in the optical fibre
24 Figure A.2 ā€“ SiO absorption model
25 Figure A.3 ā€“ Calculated fibre fuse propagation behaviour simulated with the SiO absorption model
26 A.3 Void formation mechanism
A.4 Propagation characteristic of a fibre fuse
Figure A.4 ā€“ Series of optical micrographs showing damage generated by 9,0 W 1 480 nm laser light suggesting a mechanism of periodic void formation
27 Figure A.5 ā€“ Images of fibre fuse ignition taken with an ultra-high-speed camera and an optical micrograph of the damaged fibre
28 A.5 Prevention and termination
A.5.1 General
A.5.2 Prevention methods
Figure A.6 ā€“ Power density dependence of the fibre-fuse propagation velocity
Figure A.7 ā€“ Optical micrographs showing front part of the fibre fuse damage generated in SMF-28 fibres with various laser intensities (1 480 nm)
29 A.5.3 Termination methods
Figure A.8 ā€“ Principle of the optical fibre fuse passive termination method and photograph of a fibre fuse terminator using a TEC structure
30 Figure A.9 ā€“ Photograph of hole-assisted fibre and fibrefuse termination using a hole-assisted fibre
31 A.6 Additional safety information
A.7 Conclusion
Figure A.10 ā€“ Example of fibre fuse active termination scheme
Figure A.11 ā€“ Transformation of electrical signal by optical fibre fuse
32 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TR 61292-4:2023
$167.15