BSI PD IEC/TR 62357-200:2015
$198.66
Power systems management and associated information exchange – Guidelines for migration from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2015 | 70 |
This part of IEC 62357, which is a Technical Report, applies to information exchange in power systems including, but not restricted to, substations, control centre, maintenance centre, energy management systems, synchrophasor-based grid stability systems, bulk energy generation (including fossil fuel plants), distributed energy generation (renewables, wind and solar), energy storage, load management (demand side management and demand response for distribution level consumers or producers).
This Technical Report addresses the issues encountered when migrating from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). It describes migration strategies, covering impact on applications, communication stack, network nodes, configuration, address allocation, cyber security and the related management.
This Technical Report considers backward compatibility and show concepts as well as necessary migration paths to IPv6 from IPv4 where necessary, for a number of protocols in the IEC 61850 framework.
Following a review of IEC standards and technical reports according to the reference architecture for power system information exchange (IEC 62357-1), this Technical Report supports modifications caused by the introduction of IPv6 for revision of these documents, considering the impact of permitting or requiring IPv6.
This Technical Report does not impose the use of the IPv6 technology in utility communications.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | CONTENTS |
| 8 | FOREWORD |
| 10 | INTRODUCTION |
| 11 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 15 | 3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, acronyms and conventions 3.1 Terms and definitions |
| 16 | 3.2 Abbreviations |
| 18 | 3.3 Conventions 3.4 Network diagram symbols |
| 19 | 4 Internet technologies 4.1 Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) 4.1.1 Origin 4.1.2 IPv4 packet transmission over Ethernet Figures Figure 1 – Symbols |
| 20 | 4.1.3 IPv4 header Figure 2 – Ethernet frame with IP network header |
| 21 | 4.1.4 IPv4 addresses Figure 3 – Mapping of IPv4 header to Ethernet frames |
| 22 | 4.1.5 IPv4 fragmentation and packet size 4.1.6 IPv4 auxiliary protocols |
| 23 | 4.1.7 IPv4 routing 4.2 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 4.2.1 IPv6 motivation 4.2.2 IPv6 packets on Ethernet |
| 24 | 4.2.3 IPv6 addresses Figure 4 – Transmission of an IPv6 packet in an Ethernet frame |
| 25 | Figure 5 – IPv6 unicast address structure |
| 26 | 4.2.4 IPv6 auxiliary protocols Figure 6 – IPv6 ULA address structure Figure 7 – IPv6 link local address structure |
| 27 | 4.2.5 IPv6 fragmentation and packet size 4.2.6 IPv6 routing 4.3 Comparison IPv4 and IPv6 4.3.1 Main differences 4.3.2 IPv4 and IPv6 address classes Tables Table 1 – Differences between IPv4 and IPv6 |
| 28 | 4.3.3 Address representation in IEC 61850 Table 2 – IPv6 vs IPv4 addresses (RFC 4291) |
| 29 | 5 Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 5.1 IPv6 migration necessity 5.2 Migration types Figure 8 – IPv6 evolution |
| 30 | 5.3 IPv6 migration impact on power systems communications |
| 31 | 6 Migration methods 6.1 Migration principles 6.2 Address mapping 6.2.1 Address mapping from IPv4 to IPv6 Figure 9 – Mapping of IPv4 to IPv6 addresses |
| 32 | 6.2.2 General application impact of IPv6 addresses 6.2.3 Address migration in IEC 61850 |
| 34 | 6.3 Dual-stack devices 6.3.1 General Figure 10 – Dual-Stack devices (with two and one port) |
| 35 | Figure 11 – Dual-Stack devices in a mixed domain |
| 36 | 6.3.2 Standard dual-stack Figure 12 – Dual-Stack devices across routers |
| 37 | 6.3.3 IEC 61850 stack with IPv4 and IPv6 6.3.4 Migrating applications in dual-stack by Bump-in-the Host Figure 13 – IEC 61850 stack with IPv4 and IPv6 (doubly attached) Table 3 – Dual-stack comparison |
| 38 | 6.3.5 Dual-stack recommendations Figure 14 – Bump-in-the-host migration method |
| 39 | 6.4 Tunneling 6.4.1 Tunneling principle 6.4.2 Standardized tunneling protocols Figure 15 – Tunneling principle |
| 40 | 6.4.3 Tunneling IPv4 over IPv6 Figure 16 – Tunneling IPv4 over IPv6 |
| 42 | Figure 17 – Tunneling IPv4 over IPv6 and VLANs |
| 43 | 6.4.4 Standardized IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling protocols Table 4 – IPv4 over IPv6 tunnels |
| 44 | 6.4.5 Tunneling conclusion 6.5 Translation 6.5.1 Translation principle Table 5 – IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels |
| 45 | 6.5.2 Translation from IPv4 to IPv6 Figure 18 – Translator principle Figure 19 – Translation of IPv4 to IPv6 |
| 46 | 6.5.3 Translation implementation Figure 20 – Translation of IPv6 to IPv4 |
| 47 | 6.5.4 Standardized translators 6.5.5 Translator conclusion 6.6 Migration plan 6.6.1 Procedure Figure 21 – Translator principle of IPv4 to IPv6 |
| 48 | 6.6.2 Security considerations 7 Utility protocols based on the Internet Protocol 7.1 Utility protocols on Layer 3 |
| 49 | 7.2 Layer 3 communication in IEC 61850 7.2.1 Direct Layer 3 communication 7.2.2 Layer 3 communication by Network Address Translator (NAT) Figure 22 – Layer 3 direct connection |
| 50 | 7.2.3 Layer 3 communication by Application-Level Gateway (proxy) Figure 23 – Layer 3 connection over NAT |
| 51 | 7.3 IEC 61850 Layer 3 communication for Layer 2 traffic Figure 24 – Layer 3 connection via ALG Figure 25 – Layer 2 tunneling over Layer 3 WAN or other transport |
| 52 | 7.4 Other utility protocols 7.5 Virtual Private Network and overlays 8 Scenarios for substation automation 8.1 Scenario overview Figure 26 – Layer 2 frames tunneled over IPv4 in IEC TR 61850-90-5 (simplified) |
| 53 | 8.2 Scenario 1: Substation-external communication over IPv6 only 8.2.1 Scenario 1: Description 8.2.2 Scenario 1.1: Substation to substation Layer 2 tunneling IPv4 over IPv6 |
| 54 | 8.2.3 Scenario 1.2: substation to control centre: tunneling IPv4 over IPv6 8.2.4 Scenario 1: Evaluation Figure 27 – IPv4 substation to substation over IPv6 Figure 28 – IPv4 substation to external IPv6 over tunnel |
| 55 | 8.3 Scenario 2: Access from IPv6 devices through ALGs and translators 8.3.1 Scenario 2.1: substation to engineering over dual-stack engineering 8.3.2 Scenario 2.2 substation to control centre by ALG Figure 29 – IPv4 substation to external IPv6 client for engineering |
| 56 | 8.3.3 Scenario 2.3: substation to SCADA / engineering by translator/proxy Figure 30 – IPv4 substation to external IPv6 over gateway Figure 31 – IPv4 substation to external IPv6 over translator / proxy |
| 57 | 8.3.4 Scenario 2: Evaluation 8.4 Scenario 3: Substation partially or totally IPv6 8.4.1 Scenario 3: Description 8.4.2 Scenario 3.1: substation with dual-stack devices Figure 32 – IPv4 substation with dual-stack devices |
| 58 | 8.4.3 Scenario 3: Evaluation 8.5 Scenario 4: Intermediate devices as ALGs 8.5.1 Phasor Data Concentrators (PDC) as ALGs |
| 59 | 8.5.2 XMPP servers as ALGs Figure 33 – PDCs as ALGs |
| 60 | 8.5.3 Scenario 4 evaluation 8.6 Scenario 5: Integration of IPv6-only devices in a legacy IPv4 network 8.6.1 IPv6-only devices communicating over an IPv4 network Figure 34 – Translation by XMPP servers |
| 61 | 8.6.2 IPv6-only devices accessed from an IPv4 SCADA Figure 35 – IPv6-only sensors connected to legacy IPv4 network |
| 62 | 8.6.3 Scenario 5 evaluation 9 Use Case: Generation plant- IPv4 to IPv6 migration 9.1 General description Figure 36 – IPv6-only sensors connected to legacy IPv4 network |
| 63 | Figure 37 – Generation system telecontrol overview |
| 64 | 9.2 Legacy IPv4 addressing plan 9.3 IPv6 addressing plan and coexistence |
| 65 | 9.4 Advantages 9.5 Issues 10 Recommendations 10.1 Recommendations for manufacturers |
| 66 | 10.2 Recommendations for network engineers 10.3 Recommendations for IEC standardization |
| 67 | 10.4 Timetable for implementation of the migration plan |
| 68 | Bibliography |
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