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BSI PD IEC TR 63401-4:2022

BSI PD IEC TR 63401-4:2022

$198.66

Dynamic characteristics of inverter-based resources in bulk power systems – Behaviour of inverter-based resources in response to bulk grid faults

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 52
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
7 FOREWORD
9 INTRODUCTION
10 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
11 3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Existing requirements for fault current behaviour of IBRs
4.1 Review of the present requirements
12 Figures
Figure 1 – Fault-ride-through profile of power-generating modules
Tables
Table 1 – Parameters for Figure 1 for fault-ride-through capabilityof power-generating modules
13 Table 2 – Detailed parameters for Figure 1 for fault-ride-through capabilityof power-generating modules in different countries
14 4.2 Requirements for wind power stations and PV stations by NERC
Figure 2 – Category Ⅰ Abnormal voltage ride-through requirement [2]
15 Figure 3 – Category Ⅱ Abnormal voltage ride-through requirement [2]
Figure 4 – Category Ⅲ Abnormal voltage ride-through requirement as amended in [2]
16 4.3 Requirements for wind power stations and PV power stations in China
Figure 5 – Under voltage ride through requirements for wind farms in China
17 Figure 6 – Under voltage ride through requirements for photovoltaicpower stations in China
18 Figure 7 – Over voltage ride through requirementsfor photovoltaic power stations in China
19 4.4 Requirements for wind power stations and PV power stations in Germany
Figure 8 – Voltage ride through requirements for type IIpower stations according to VDE-AR-N-4120
20 Figure 9 – Requirements of the reactive current according to VDE-AR-N 4120
21 4.5 Clause summary
5 Analysis on the behaviour of fault current
5.1 Fault current needs
5.2 Fault current characteristics of full-scale-converter based IBRs
5.2.1 General
22 5.2.2 Typical control schemes of FSC-based IBRs
Figure 10 – Typical topology of a Type-IV WT
Figure 11 – Typical topology of a VSC-based PV inverter
Figure 12 – Diagram of basic AC current control strategy of GSC during fault
23 Figure 13 – Diagram of positive- and negative-sequence AC current control strategyof GSC for eliminating oscillations during voltage unbalance
24 5.2.3 Fault current characteristics of FSC-based IBR during symmetrical fault
5.2.4 Fault current characteristics of FSC-based IBR under unsymmetrical fault
Figure 14 – Diagram of positive- and negative-sequence AC current control strategyof GSC for complying I1R and I2R injection requirements
25 5.3 Fault current behaviour of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine (WT)
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 FRT solutions of DFIG-based WT
Figure 15 – Typical topology of a DFIG-based WT
26 Figure 16 – Energy flow and ESEs of a DFIG-based WT in normal operation
Figure 17 – ESEs and vector control scheme of a DFIG-based WT in normal operation
27 Figure 18 – FRT solutions of a DFIG-based WT during grid fault
28 5.3.3 Fault current behaviour of DFIG-based WT during symmetrical faults
Figure 19 – FRT solutions of a DFIG-based WT during grid fault
Figure 20 – The identified components of fault currents by the analytical expression
29 5.3.4 Fault current behaviour of DFIG-based WT during unsymmetrical faults
5.4 Behaviour of large-scale wind farm when outgoing line faults
30 Figure 21 – The topology of wind farm integrated to power grid in Shanxi Province
Figure 22 – The and recorded when BG fault occurs at point F1
31 Figure 23 – The and recorded when BG fault occurs at point F1
32 Figure 24 – The EPSI, ENSI, EZSI of wind farm includingboth DFIG and PMSG based WTs
33 Figure 25 – The EPSI, ENSI, EZSI of wind farm including only DFIG based WTs
34 5.5 Clause summary
Figure 26 – The , and recorded when ABCG fault occurs at point F2
35 6 Impact of IBRs on relay protection
6.1 Influence factors of IBRs on relay protection
36 6.2 Impact on distance protection
6.2.1 Basic principle of distance protection
Figure 27 – General fault characteristics of wind power system
37 Figure 28 – Diagrams of wind power integration system for distance protection
38 6.2.2 Power frequency component distance relay
6.2.3 Time-domain distance relay
6.2.4 Power frequency variation component distance relay
39 6.2.5 Phase-comparison distance relay
Figure 29 – Wind power integration system
40 Figure 30 – Operation performance of distance relays when the BC faultoccurs at the midpoint of DFIG wind power outgoing line
41 6.2.6 Conclusion
6.3 Impact on phase selector
6.3.1 Fault component of phase current difference based phase selector
Figure 31 – Fault component network
Table 3 – Simulation results of distance relays when BC faults occur at different locations of the DFIG wind power outgoing line
43 6.3.2 Fault component of sequence current based phase selector
Table 4 – Behaviour of traditional phase selectors under different kinds of faults
44 6.3.3 Conclusion
6.4 Impact on directional relay
6.4.1 Fault component of phase voltage and current based directional relay
6.4.2 Fault component of sequence voltage and current based directional relay
45 Figure 32 – The ratio of positive and negative sequence impedancefor DFIG wind farm when an AG fault occurs
Figure 33 – Fault component of phase voltage and current based directional relay
46 6.4.3 Conclusion
Figure 34 – Fault component of line to line voltage and current based directional relay
Figure 35 – Fault component of sequence voltage and current based directional relay
47 6.5 Clause summary
7 Conclusions and future work
7.1 Conclusions
7.2 Future work
Table 5 – Summary of adaptability of traditional relay protection
48 Annex A (informative)Expressions of DFIG-based WT’s fault current
Table A.1 – Fault current expressions of DFIG-based WT during symmetrical voltage dip
49 Table A.2 – Typical values and ranges of parameters in fault current expression
50 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TR 63401-4:2022
$198.66