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FEMA P 646 2012

FEMA P 646 2012

$11.70

FEMA P-646 – Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis, Second Edition

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
FEMA 2012 194
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 FEMAP-646coverFinal2012
2 Blank Page
3 01a-Title Page_final
5 01b-FEMA_Foreword_revision2
7 02-Preface_final
9 03-TableofContents
12 Blank Page
13 04-ListofFigures_final
18 Blank Page
19 05-ListofTables_final
20 Blank Page
21 07-2012-Ch01_Introduction_final
1.1 Objectives and Scope
22 1.2 Deciding to Construct a Vertical Evacuation Structure
1.2.1 Tsunami Hazard versus Risk
1.2.2 Decision-Making and Design Process
24 1.3 Limitations
25 1.4 Organization
27 08-2012-Ch02_Background_final_rev2
2.1 General
2.1.1 Historic Tsunami Activity
30 2.1.2 Behaviors and Characteristics of Tsunamis
36 2.2 Tsunami Effects on Buildings
2.2.1 Historic Data on Tsunami Effects
39 2.2.2 Observations from the Indian Ocean Tsunami
45 2.2.3 Observations from the Tohoku Japan Tsunami
51 2.2.4 Observations from Hurricane Katrina
54 2.2.5 Implications for Tsunami-Resistant Design
56 Blank Page
57 09-Ch03 Tsunami Hazard Assessment_9-2012_final
3.1 Current Tsunami Modeling and Inundation Mapping
58 3.2 The NOAA Tsunami Program: Forecast Modeling and Mapping
61 3.3 The National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program: Credible Worst-Case Scenarios
64 3.4 The FEMA Map Modernization Program: Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessments
66 3.5 Limitations in Available Modeling and Mapping Products
67 3.6 Hazard Quantification for Design of Tsunami Vertical Evacuation Structures
69 3.7 Recommendations to Improve Tsunami Hazard Assessment
70 Blank Page
71 10-Ch04_Vertical_Evacuation_Options_final
4.1 Vertical Evacuation Considerations
4.1.1 Single-Purpose Facilities
72 4.1.2 Multi-Purpose Facilities
73 4.1.3 Multi-Hazard Considerations
4.2 Vertical Evacuation Concepts
4.2.1 Existing High Ground
74 4.2.2 Soil Berms
75 4.2.3 Multi-Story Parking Garages
4.2.4 Community Facilities
76 4.2.5 Commercial Facilities
78 4.2.6 School Facilities
4.2.7 Existing Buildings
79 11-Ch05_Siting_final
5.1 Siting Considerations
5.1.1 Warning, Travel Time, and Spacing
81 5.1.2 Ingress and Vertical Circulation
82 5.1.3 Consideration of Site Hazards
84 5.2 Sizing Considerations
85 5.2.1 Services and Occupancy Duration
5.2.2 Square Footage Recommendations from Available Sheltering Guidelines
87 5.2.3 Recommended Minimum Square Footage for Short-Term Refuge from Tsunamis
5.3 Elevation Considerations
88 5.4 Size of Vertical Evacuation Structures
89 12-Ch06 Load Determination_final_rev
6.1 Currently Available Structural Design Criteria
6.1.1 Current U.S. Codes, Standards, and Guidelines
92 6.1.2 Summary of Current Design Requirements
93 6.1.3 Limitations in Available Flood Design Criteria Relative to Tsunami Loading
94 6.2 Performance Objectives
95 6.2.1 Tsunami Performance Objective
96 6.2.2 Seismic Performance Objectives
6.3 Earthquake Loading
97 6.3.1 Near-Source-Generated Tsunamis
6.3.2 Far-Source-Generated Tsunamis
98 6.4 Wind Loading
6.5 Tsunami Loading
99 6.5.1 Key Assumptions for Estimating Tsunami Load Effects
100 6.5.2 Hydrostatic Forces
102 6.5.3 Buoyant Forces
103 6.5.4 Hydrodynamic Forces
105 6.5.5 Impulsive Forces
106 6.5.6 Floating Debris Impact Forces
110 6.5.7 Damming of Accumulated Waterborne Debris
111 6.5.8 Uplift Forces on Elevated Floors
113 6.5.9 Additional Retained Water Loading on Elevated Floors
114 6.6 Combination of Tsunami Forces
6.6.1 Tsunami Force Combinations on the Overall Structure
116 6.6.2 Tsunami Force Combinations on Individual Components
117 6.7 Load Combinations
118 6.8 Member Capacities and Strength Design Considerations
119 6.9 Progressive Collapse Considerations
6.9.1 Department of Defense Methodology
121 6.9.2 General Services Administration Methodology
123 13-Ch07_Structural_Design_Concepts_final
7.1 Attributes of Tsunami-Resistant Structures
7.2 Structural Considerations for Tsunami Load Effects
124 7.2.1 Foundation / Scour Design Concepts
125 7.2.2 Breakaway Wall Concepts
127 7.3 Concepts for Modifying and Retrofitting Existing Structures
128 7.4 Permitting and Quality Assurance for Vertical Evacuation Structures
7.4.1 Permitting and Code Compliance
7.4.2 Peer Review
129 7.4.3 Quality Assurance / Quality Control
7.5 Planning Considerations for Vertical Evacuation Structures
130 7.6 Cost Considerations for Vertical Evacuation Structures
132 Blank Page
133 14-Appendix_A_3-26-2012_final
141 15-Appendix B_final
B.1 Site 1 Example: Escape Berm
144 B.2 Site 2 Example: Multi-Use Structure
148 Blank Page
150 16-Appendix C_V 4-13-2012_final
C.1 Inundation Depth
C.2 Hydrostatic and Buoyant Forces
152 C.3 Hydrodynamic and Impulsive Forces
C.4 Impact Force
154 C.5 Damming Effect of Waterborne Debris
155 C.6 Hydrodynamic Uplift Forces
156 Blank Page
157 17-Appendix D_V 4-13-2012_final
D.1 Available Models for Impact Loads
162 D.2 Summary and Discussion
165 18-Appendix E_final_508
E.1 Flow Velocity
168 E.2 Momentum Flux
170 Blank Page
171 19-Glossary_final
A
B
172 C
173 D
F
174 G
H
175 I
L
M
176 N
P
177 R
S
178 T
179 U
V
W
180 Blank Page
181 20-References_4-13-2012_final
192 Blank Page
193 21-Project_Participants_final
ATC Management and Oversight
FEMA Project Officer
FEMA Technical Monitor
Project Management Committee (Second Edition)
194 Project Management Committee
Project Review Panel

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