The 2024 edition of the Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC®) represents the most current approaches in the mechanical field. It is the eighth edition developed under the ANSI Consensus process is designated as an American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Contributions to the content of this code were made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing authorities, installers/maintainers, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/ testing laboratories, special experts and users. The UMC provides complete requirements for the installation and maintenance of heating, ventilating, cooling and refrigeration systems, while at the same time allowing latitude for innovations and new technologies. Key changes to the 2024 UMC include: Significant changes to the UMC include: New minimum air filtration requirements for occupied spaces of mechanically ventilated buildings Revised outdoor air intake requirements for transient occupancies New air balancing requirements for ventilation systems New exceptions for materials exposed with ducts or plenums New provisions for high-probability systems using Group A2L refrigerants for human comfort applications New refrigerant safety group classifications based on flammability and toxicity New requirements for refrigeration machinery rooms where A2L and B2L refrigerants are used New materials standards for refrigerant piping, tubing, and fittings New design requirements for geothermal district systems ambient temperature loops (ATL) New Appendix H providing minimum qualifications for installers, inspectors, or employers for systems covered by the UMC New Appendix I addressing mechanical system requirements indoor horticultural facilities New Appendix J addressing CO2 monitoring and clean air delivery for adequate ventilation in occupied spaces

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
2	Preface
4	Important Notices and Disclaimers Updating IAPMO Codes
5	Foreword Origin and Development
6	Adoption Revision Markings
7	Format of the Uniform Mechanical Code
13	Sample Legislation for Adoption of the Uniform Mechanical Code
14	Committee on Uniform Mechanical Code
15	Section Relocation
18	Table of Contents Chapter 1 Administration Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 General Regulations
19	Chapter 4 Ventilation Air
20	Chapter 5 Exhaust Systems
22	Chapter 6 Duct Systems
23	Chapter 7 Combustion Air Chapter 8 Chimneys and Vents
24	Chapter 9 Installation of Specific Appliances
26	Chapter 10 Boilers and Pressure Vessels
27	Chapter 11 Refrigeration
29	Chapter 12 Hydronics
31	Chapter 13 Fuel Gas Piping
33	Chapter 14 Process Piping Chapter 15 Solar Energy Systems Chapter 16 Stationary Power Plants Chapter 17 Geothermal Energy Systems and Ambient Temperature Loops
35	Chapter 18 Referenced Standards Appendices Table of Contents Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Appendix I Appendix J Useful Tables Index
36	Chapter 1 Administration 101.0 General. 101.1 Title. 101.2 Scope. 101.3 Purpose. 101.4 Unconstitutional. 101.5 Validity. 102.0 Applicability. 102.1 Conflicts Between Codes. 102.2 Existing Installations. 102.3 Maintenance. 102.3.1 Commercial HVAC Systems. 102.3.2 Residential HVAC Systems. 102.4 Additions, Alterations, Renovations, or Repairs. 102.5 Health and Safety. 102.6 Changes in Building Occupancy. 102.7 Moved Structures. 102.8 Appendices.
37	103.0 Duties and Powers of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 103.1 General. 103.2 Liability. 103.3 Applications and Permits. 103.3.1 Licensing. 103.4 Right of Entry. 104.0 Permits. 104.1 Permits Required. 104.2 Exempt Work. 104.3 Application for Permit.
38	104.3.1 Construction Documents. 104.3.2 Plan Review Fees. 104.3.3 Time Limitation of Application. 104.4 Permit Issuance. 104.4.1 Approved Plans or Construction Documents. 104.4.2 Validity of Permit. 104.4.3 Expiration.
39	104.4.4 Extension. 104.4.5 Suspension or Revocation. 104.4.6 Retention of Plans. 104.5 Fees. 104.5.1 Work Commencing Before Permit Issuance. 104.5.2 Investigation Fees. 104.5.3 Fee Refunds. 105.0 Inspections and Testing. 105.1 General. 105.2 Required Inspections. 105.2.1 Uncovering. 105.2.2 Other Inspections. 105.2.3 Inspection Requests.
40	105.2.4 Advance Notice. 105.2.5 Responsibility. 105.2.6 Reinspections. 105.3 Testing of Systems. 105.3.1 Defective Systems. 105.3.2 Retesting. 105.3.3 Approval. 105.4 Connection to Service Utilities. 106.0 Violations and Penalties. 106.1 General. 106.2 Notices of Correction or Violation. 106.3 Penalties. 106.4 Stop Orders.
41	106.5 Authority to Disconnect Utilities in Emergencies. 106.6 Authority to Condemn. 107.0 Board of Appeals. 107.1 General. 107.2 Limitations of Authority.
42	Table Table 104.5 Plumbing Permit Fees
44	Chapter 2 Definitions 201.0 General. 201.1 Applicability. 202.0 Definition of Terms. 202.1 General. 203.0 – A –
45	204.0 – B –
46	205.0 – C –
48	206.0 – D –
49	207.0 – E –
50	208.0 – F –
51	209.0 – G – 210.0 – H –
53	211.0 – I – 212.0 – J – 213.0 – K – 214.0 – L –
54	215.0 – M – 216.0 – N – 217.0 – O –
55	218.0 – P –
56	219.0 – Q – 220.0 – R –
57	221.0 – S –
58	222.0 – T – 223.0 – U – 224.0 – V –
59	225.0 – W – 226.0 – X – 227.0 – Y – 228.0 – Z –
60	Chapter 3 General Regulations 301.0 General. 301.1 Applicability. 301.2 Approval. 301.3 Design of Equipment. 301.4 Electrical Connections. 301.5 Oil-Burning Appliances. 301.6 Personnel Protection. 302.0 Materials – Standards and Alternates. 302.1 Minimum Standards. 302.1.1 Marking. 302.1.2 Standards. 302.1.3 Existing Buildings. 302.2 Alternate Materials and Methods of Construction Equivalency.
61	302.2.1 Testing. 302.2.1.1 Tests. 302.2.1.2 Request by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 302.3 Alternative Engineered Design. 302.3.1 Permit Application. 302.3.2 Technical Data. 302.3.3 Design Documents. 302.3.4 Design Approval. 302.3.5 Design Review. 302.3.6 Inspection and Testing. 303.0 Installation. 303.1 Listed Appliances. 303.2 Closet or Alcove Installations. 303.3 Unlisted Appliances. 303.4 Anchorage of Appliances.
62	303.5 Restraining Device. 303.6 Identification of Equipment. 303.7 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP-Gas) Facilities. 303.8 Appliances on Roofs. 303.8.1 Load Capacity. 303.8.2 Fasteners. 303.8.3 Installation of Appliances on Roofs. 303.8.4 Edge of Roof Clearance. 303.8.4.1 Guards and Rails. 303.8.5 Electrical Power. 303.8.6 Platform or Walkway. 303.9 Avoiding Strain on Gas Piping. 303.10 Clearance to Combustible Materials. 303.10.1 Clearance Reduction. 303.10.1.1 Type I Hood Exhaust System. 303.10.1.2 Product Conveying Ducts. 303.10.1.3 Solid-Fuel Burning Appliances.
63	303.11 Installation in Commercial Garages. 303.11.1 Parking Structures. 303.11.2 Repair Garages. 303.12 Installation in Aircraft Hangars. 304.0 Accessibility for Service. 304.1 General. 304.2 Sloped Roof. 304.3 Access to Appliances on Roofs. 304.3.1 Access from the Inside. 304.3.1.1 Access Type. 304.3.1.2 Permanent Ladders. 304.3.2 Permanent Lighting. 304.4 Appliances in Attics and Under-Floor Spaces. 304.4.1 Length of Passageway. 304.4.2 Width of Passageway. 304.4.3 Work Platform. 304.4.4 Lighting and Convenience Outlet.
64	305.0 Location. 305.1 Installation in Residential Garages. 305.1.1 Physical Damage. 305.1.2 Access from the Outside. 305.1.3 Cellulose Nitrate Plastic Storage. 305.2 Pit Location. 305.3 Flood Hazard Areas. 305.3.1 Coastal High Hazard Areas. 305.3.2 Air Exhaust and Intake Openings. 305.4 Elevator Shaft. 305.5 Drainage Pan. 305.6 Outdoor Locations. 306.0 Automatic Control Devices. 306.1 General.
65	307.0 Labeling. 307.1 Fuel-Burning Appliances. 307.2 Electric Heating Appliances. 307.3 Heat Pump and Electric Cooling Appliances. 307.4 Absorption Units. 308.0 Improper Location. 308.1 General. 309.0 Workmanship. 309.1 Engineering Practices. 309.2 Concealing Imperfections.
66	309.3 Installation Practices. 310.0 Condensate Wastes and Control. 310.1 Condensate Disposal. 310.1.1 Condensate Pumps. 310.2 Condensate Control. 310.2.1 Protection of Appurtenances. 310.3 Condensate Waste Pipe Material and Sizing. 310.3.1 Cleanouts. 310.4 Appliance Condensate Drains. Tables Table 310.3 Minimum Condensate Pipe Size
67	310.5 Point of Discharge. 310.6 Condensate Waste from Air-Conditioning 310.7 Female Plastic Connections. 311.0 Heating or Cooling Air System. 311.1 Source. 311.2 Air Filters. 311.2.1 Minimum Filtration. 311.3 Prohibited Sources. 311.4 Return-Air Limitations. 312.0 Plumbing Connections. 312.1 General. 313.0 Hangers, Supports, and Anchors. 313.1 General. 313.2 Material.
68	313.3 Suspended Piping. 313.4 Alignment. 313.5 Underground Installation. 313.6 Hanger Rod Sizes. 313.7 Gas Piping. 314.0 Balancing. 314.1 General. 315.0 Louvers in Hurricane Prone Regions. 315.1 General. 315.1.1 Testing. 315.1.2 Impact Resistance Test. 316.0 Protection of Piping, Tubing, Materials, and Structures. 316.1 General. 316.2 Installation. 316.3 Corrosion, Erosion, and Mechanical Damage. 316.4 Protectively Coated Pipe. 316.5 Fire-Resistant Construction. 316.6 Steel Nail Plates. 316.7 Sleeves. 316.7.1 Building Loads. 316.7.2 Exterior Walls. Table 313.6 Hanger Rod Sizes
69	316.8 Firewalls. 316.9 Structural Members. 316.10 Rodentproofing. 316.11 Metal Collars. 317.0 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill. 317.1 Trenches. 317.2 Tunneling and Driving. 317.3 Open Trenches. 317.4 Excavations.
70	Table 303.10.1 Reduction of Clearances with Specified Forms of Protection
71	Figures Figure 303.10.1(1) Extent Of Protection Necessary To Reduce Clearances From Gas Appliance or Vent Connectors Figure 303.10.1(2) Wall Protector Clearance Reduction System Figure 303.10.1(3) Masonry Clearance Reduction System
72	Table 313.3 Hangers and Supports
74	Chapter 4 Ventilation Air 401.0 General. 401.1 Applicability. 401.2 Indoor Swimming Pools. 402.0 Ventilation Air. 402.1 Occupiable Spaces. 402.1.1 Construction Documents. 402.1.2 Ventilation in Health Care Facilities. 402.2 Natural Ventilation Procedure. 402.2.1 Prescriptive Compliance Path. 402.2.1.1 Ceiling Height. 402.2.1.2 Floor Area to be Ventilated. 402.2.1.3 Single Side Opening. 402.2.1.4 Double Side Opening. 402.2.1.5 Corner Openings. 402.2.1.6 Location and Size of Openings.
75	402.2.1.6(A) Sizing Openings. 402.2.2 Engineered System Compliance Path. Tables Table 402.2.1.6(A)(1) Minimum Openable Areas: Single Openings Table 402.2.1.6(A)(2) Minimum Openable Areas: Two Vertically Spaced Openings
76	402.2.3 Control and Accessibility. 402.3 Mechanical Ventilation. 402.4 Outdoor Air Intakes. 402.4.1 Location. 402.4.1.1 Exhaust/Relief Outlets. 402.4.1.2 Fuel-Burning Equipment. 402.4.1.3 Roof, Landscaped Grade, or Another Surface Directly Below Intake. 402.4.1.4 Laboratory Exhaust. 402.4.2 Rain Entrainment. Table 402.4.1 Air Intake Minimum Separation Distance
77	402.4.3 Rain Intrusion. 402.4.4 Snow Entrainment. 402.4.5 Bird Screens. 403.0 Ventilation Rates. 403.1 General. 403.2 Zone Calculations. 403.2.1 Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow. 403.2.2 Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness. 403.2.2.1 Stratified Air Distribution Systems. 403.2.2.1.1 Supply Air. 403.2.2.1.2 Return Air. 403.2.2.1.3 Stratification. 403.2.2.2 Personalized Ventilation Systems. 403.2.2.2.1 Personalized Air. 403.2.2.2.2 Return Air. 403.2.3 Zone Outdoor Airflow. 403.3 Single-Zone Systems. 403.4 One Hundred Percent Outdoor Air Systems.
78	403.5 Multiple-Zone Recirculating Systems. 403.5.1 Uncorrected Outdoor Air Intake. 403.5.1.1 Occupant Diversity. 403.5.1.2 System Ventilation Efficiency. 403.5.1.3 Simplified Procedure for System Ventilation Efficiency. 403.5.1.4 Zone Minimum Primary Airflow. 403.5.2 Outdoor Air Intake. 403.6 Design for Varying Operating Conditions. 403.6.1 Short-Term Conditions. 403.7 Exhaust Ventilation. 403.7.1 Parking Garages.
79	403.7.2 Enclosed Parking Garages. 403.8 Dynamic Reset. 403.9 Air Classification and Recirculation. 403.9.1 Class 1 Air. 403.9.2 Class 2 Air. 403.9.3 Class 3 Air. 403.9.4 Class 4 Air. 403.10 Air Balance. 404.0 Alternative Procedure for Multiple-Zone Systems Ventilation Efficiency. 404.1 System Ventilation Efficiency. Table 403.9 Airstreams or Sources Description Air Class
80	404.2 Average Outdoor Air Fraction. 404.3 Zone Ventilation Efficiency. 404.3.1 Single Supply Systems. 404.3.2 Secondary-Recirculation Systems.
81	405.0 Ventilation for Residential Occupancies. 405.1 General. 405.1.1 Natural Ventilation. 405.2 Ventilation Air Rate. 405.2.1 Reduced Ventilation Air Rate. 405.3 Bathroom Exhaust. 405.3.1 Exhaust Rate. 405.4 Kitchen Exhaust. 405.4.1 Exhaust Rate. 405.5 Ventilation Openings.
82	Table 402.1 Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone
85	Table 403.2.2 Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness
86	Table 403.7 Minimum Exhaust Rates
88	Chapter 5 Exhaust Systems 501.0 General. 501.1 Applicability. 502.0 Termination. 502.1 Exhaust Opening Protection. 502.2 Termination of Exhaust Ducts. 502.2.1 Environmental, Class 1, and Class 2 Air Ducts. 502.2.2 Class 3 Air Ducts. 502.2.3 Product Conveying, Flammable, and Class 4 Air Ducts. 502.2.4 Commercial Kitchen Ducts. Part I – Environmental Air Ducts and Product-Conveying Systems. 503.0 Motors, Fans, and Filters. 503.1 General. 503.2 Fans. 504.0 Environmental Air Ducts. 504.1 General. Tables Figure
89	504.1.1 Backdraft Protection. 504.2 Independent Exhaust Systems. 504.3 Domestic Cooking Exhaust Equipment. 504.4 Clothes Dryers. 504.4.1 Provisions for Makeup Air. 504.4.2 Domestic Clothes Dryers. 504.4.2.1 Length Limitation.
90	504.4.2.2 Transition Ducts. 504.4.2.3 Exhaust Duct Power Ventilators. 504.4.3 Commercial Clothes Dryers. 504.4.3.1 Exhaust Ducts for Type 2 Clothes Dryers. 504.4.4 Common Exhaust. 504.4.5 Duct Supports. 504.4.6 Multistory Exhausting of Dryers. 504.5 Heat Recovery Ventilation (HRV) and Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) Systems. 505.0 Product-Conveying Systems. 505.1 General. 505.1.1 Mechanical Ventilation.
91	505.2 Incompatible Materials. 505.3 Flammability Limit. 505.3.1 Higher Concentrations. 505.3.2 Ovens and Furnaces. 505.3.3 Deflagration. 505.4 Air-Moving Devices. 505.5 Generating Flames, Sparks, or Hot Materials. 505.6 Fire Dampers. 505.6.1 Prohibited. 505.7 Fire Detection, Smoke Control, and Alarm Systems. 505.7.1 Automatic Extinguishing System. 505.7.2 Shut Down Permitted. 505.7.3 Smoke Control Systems. 505.8 Product-Conveying Ducts Classification. 505.9 Minimum Velocities and Circulation. 505.10 Makeup Air.
92	505.11 Hoods and Enclosures. 506.0 Product-Conveying Ducts. 506.1 Materials. 506.2 Construction. Table 505.9 Range of Minimum Duct Design Velocities
93	Table 506.2(1) Minimum Sheet Metal Thickness for Round Ducts
94	506.3 Penetrations. 506.3.1 Fire Barriers.
95	506.3.2 Protection. 506.4 Condensate. 506.4.1 Drainage. Table 506.2(2) Minimum Sheet Metal Thickness for Rectangular Ducts
96	506.5 Fittings. 506.6 Explosion Venting. 506.7 Supports. 506.8 Fire Protection. 506.8.1 Loads. 506.8.2 Corrosion. 506.8.3 Vibration and Stress. 506.8.4 Expansion and Contraction. 506.9 Protection from Physical Damage. 506.10 Duct Clearances. 506.10.1 Protection Provided. 506.10.2 Systems Conveying Combustible Materials. 506.10.3 Reduced Clearance Permitted. 506.10.4 Clearance Increases. 506.10.4.1 Temperatures Over 900°F. 506.10.4.2 Clearance Reduction. Table 506.10.4 Basic Minimum Clearances to Unprotected Surfaces
97	506.11 Clearance Reduction Methods. 506.11.1 Spacers and Ties. 506.11.2 Wool Batts Insulation. 506.11.3 Insulation Board. 506.11.4 Duct and Thermal Shield. 506.11.5 Thermal Shield and Combustible Surface. 506.11.6 Reduced Clearance with Air Gaps. 506.11.6.1 Air Circulation. 506.11.6.2 Single Flat Wall. 506.11.6.3 Thermal Shielding. Part II – Commercial Hoods and Kitchen Ventilation. 507.0 General Requirements. 507.1 Exhaust Systems. Table 506.11 Reduction of Duct Clearance with Specified Forms of Protection
98	507.2 Type I Hood Exhaust System Requirements. 507.2.1 Airflow. 507.2.2 Responsibility. 507.2.3 Solid-fuel Cooking Equipment. 507.2.4 Multitenant Applications. 507.2.5 Interior Surfaces. 507.2.6 Used in Other Applications. 507.3 Listed Devices. 507.3.1 Penetration. 507.4 Clearance. 507.4.1 Listed. 507.4.2 Clearance Reduction. 507.4.2.1 Mineral Wool Batts or Ceramic Fiber Blanket. 507.4.2.2 Field-Applied Grease Duct Enclosure. 507.4.2.3 Zero Clearance. 507.4.3 Clearance Integrity. 507.4.3.1 Fire.
99	507.4.3.2 Required Protection. 507.4.3.3 Protection Methods. 507.4.4 Factory Built. 507.4.4.1 Listing. 507.4.4.2 Single Wall. 507.4.4.3 Installation. 507.4.5 Field Applied. 507.4.6 Both Field-Applied and Factory Built. 507.4.6.1 Physical Damage. 507.4.6.2 Specification. 507.4.6.3 Clearance Options. 507.4.7 Building and Structural Contact. 507.4.7.1 Corrosion Protection. 507.4.7.2 Zero Clearance. 507.4.8 Clearance Between Duct and InteriorSurfaces. 507.5 Drawings. 507.6 Notification of Change.
100	508.0 Type I Hoods. 508.1 Where Required. 508.2 Listed Type I Hood Assemblies. 508.2.1 Listed Ultraviolet Hoods. 508.2.2 Listed Ventilated Ceiling Technology. 508.2.3 Construction of Listed Exhaust Hoods. 508.2.4 Assembly of Listed Exhaust Hoods. 508.3 Construction of Type I Hoods. 508.3.1 Grease Vapor. 508.3.2 Seams, Joints, and Penetrations. 508.3.2.1 Sealed. 508.3.3 Eyebrow-Type Hoods. Figure 508.3.3 Typical Section of Eyebrow-Type Hood
101	508.3.3.1 Duct Connection. 508.3.4 Insulation. 508.3.5 Exhaust Hood Assemblies with Integrated Supply-Air Plenums. 508.3.5.1 Outer Shell. 508.3.5.2 Inner Shell. 508.3.5.3 Fire Dampers. 508.3.5.3.1 Listing. 508.3.5.3.2 Actuating Temperature. 508.3.5.3.3 Exemption. 508.4 Supports. 508.5 Hood Size. 508.5.1 Canopy Size and Location. 508.5.1.1 Capacity of Hoods. 508.5.1.2 Extra-Heavy-Duty Cooking Appliances. 508.5.1.3 Heavy-Duty Cooking Appliances. Table 508.5.1.2 Extra-Heavy-Duty Cooking Appliance Airflow
102	508.5.1.4 Medium-Duty Cooking Appliances. 508.5.1.5 Light-Duty Cooking Appliances. 508.5.2 Noncanopy-Type Hoods. 508.5.2.1 Installation. 508.5.2.2 Capacity. 508.5.3 Labeling. 508.6 Solid-Fuel Hood Assemblies. 508.7 Exhaust Outlets. 509.0 Grease Removal Devices in Hoods. 509.1 Grease Removal Devices. 509.1.1 Grease Filters, Mesh-Type. Table 508.5.1.3 Heavy-Duty Cooking Appliance Airflow Table 508.5.1.4 Medium-Duty Cooking Appliance Airflow Table 508.5.1.5 Light-Duty Cooking Appliance Airflow
103	509.2 Installation. 509.2.1 Vertical Distance. 509.2.2 Grease Removal Device Protection. 509.2.2.1 Installation. 509.2.2.2 Size and Location. 509.2.2.3 Clearance. 509.2.3 Grease Filters. 509.2.3.1 Arrangement. 509.2.3.2 Accessibility. 509.2.3.3 Angled Installation. 509.2.4 Grease Drip Trays. 509.2.4.1 Size and Pitch. 509.2.5 Grease Filter Orientation. 509.3 Solid-Fuel Grease Removal Devices. 510.0 Exhaust Duct Systems. 510.1 General. 510.1.1 Fire Hazards. 510.1.2 Interconnection. 510.1.3 Duct Installation. 510.1.4 Accessibility. 510.1.5 Sign. 510.1.6 Bracing and Supports.
104	510.1.7 Type I Exhaust Duct Systems. 510.1.8 Independent Grease Duct System. 510.2 Clearance. 510.3 Openings. 510.3.1 Access Panel. 510.3.2 Access for Cleaning and Inspection. 510.3.3 Horizontal Ducts. 510.3.3.1 Cleaning. 510.3.3.2 Safe Access and Work Platform. 510.3.3.3 Support. 510.3.4 Vertical Ducts. 510.3.4.1 Access. 510.3.4.2 Safe Access and Work Platform. 510.3.5 Nonlisted Ductwork. 510.3.6 Access Panels. 510.3.6.1 Listed Grease Ducts. 510.3.6.2 Within an Enclosure. 510.3.7 Fire Protection System Devices. 510.4 Listed Grease Ducts. 510.4.1 Factory-Built Grease Ducts. 510.5 Other Grease Ducts. 510.5.1 Materials. 510.5.2 Factory-Built Grease Ducts
105	510.5.3 Installation. 510.5.3.1 Duct Leakage Test. 510.5.3.2 Welded Duct Connection. Figure 510.5.3 Permitted Duct-to Hood Collar Connection Figure 510.5.3.2(1) Telescoping-Type Duct Connection Figure 510.5.3.2(2) Bell-Type Duct Connection
106	510.5.4 Butt Welded Connections. 510.5.5 Telescoping and Bell-Type Connections. 510.5.6 Duct Leakage Test. 510.6 Exterior Installations. 510.6.1 Weather Protection. 510.7 Interior Installations. 510.7.1 Less than Four Stories. 510.7.2 Four Stories or More. 510.7.3 Clearance. 510.7.4 Mechanical and Structural Integrity. Figure 510.5.3.2(3) Flange with Edge Weld Duct Connection Figure 510.5.3.2(4) Flange with Lap Joint Weld Duct Connection
107	510.7.5 Materials. 510.7.5.1 Protection from Physical Damage. 510.7.5.2 Inspection. 510.7.6 Listed. 510.7.7 Fire Doors. 510.7.8 Ducts with Enclosure(s). 510.8 Underground Installations. 510.8.1 Grease Receptacle. 510.8.2 Cleanouts. 510.9 Termination of Type I Hood Exhaust System. 510.9.1 Rooftop Terminations.
108	510.9.1.1 Listed Vibration Isolation Connectors. 510.9.1.2 Inspection and Cleaning. 510.9.2 Wall Terminations. 510.10 Solid-Fuel Duct Systems. 511.0 Air Movement. 511.1 Exhaust Fans for Commercial Cooking Operations. 511.1.1 Upblast Fans. 511.1.2 In-Line Exhaust Fans. Figure 510.9.1 Upblast Fan Clearances Figure 510.9.2 Exhaust Termination Distance From Fresh Air Intake (FAI) or Operable Door or Window
109	511.1.2.1 Accessibility. 511.1.3 Utility Set Exhaust Fans. 511.1.3.1 At the Rooftop. Figure 511.1.2(1) Typical Section Of Duct-To-Fan Connection-Butt Joint Method Figure 511.1.2(2) Typical Section of Duct-To-Fan Connection-Overlapping Method Figure 511.1.2(3) Typical Section of Duct-To-Fan Connection–Sealant Method Figure 511.1.2(4) Typical Section Of Duct-To-Fan Connection-Direct To Fan Inlet Cone Method
110	511.1.3.2 Within the Building. 511.1.3.3 Duct Systems. 511.1.4 Construction. 511.1.5 Openings. 511.1.6 Standard. 511.2 Airflow. 511.2.1 Exceptions. 511.2.2 Exhaust-Air Volumes. 511.2.2.1 Performance Test. 511.2.2.2 Capture and Containment Test. 511.2.3 Exhaust Fan Operation. 511.3 Makeup Air. 511.3.1 Air Balance.
111	511.4 Common Duct (Manifold) Systems. 511.4.1 Connections. 511.4.2 Fire Damper. 511.4.3 Construction and Clearance. 511.4.4 Adjustment. 511.4.5 Adjustment Location. 511.4.6 Bleed Air Duct. 511.4.7 Disconnect. 511.5 Solid-Fuel Air Movement Requirements. 512.0 Auxiliary Equipment. 512.1 Dampers. 512.1.1 Use. 512.2 Electrical Equipment. 512.2.1 Device Installation in Ducts. 512.2.2 Lighting Units. 512.2.3 Concealed Spaces. 512.2.4 Listed Lighting Units. 512.2.5 Standard. 512.3 Other Equipment. 512.3.1 Access Required. 512.3.2 Downgrading. 512.3.3 Fire-Extinguishing System. 512.3.3.1 Protection. 512.3.3.2 Filter Media. 512.3.4 Source of Ignition. 512.3.5 Air Recirculation. 512.3.6 Carbon Monoxide Detector Required. 512.4 Solid-Fuel Auxiliary Equipment.
112	513.0 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment. 513.1 General. 513.1.1 Devices in Exhaust Ducts. 513.1.2 Protection. 513.2 Types of Equipment. 513.2.1 Identification. 513.2.2 Standard. 513.2.3 Installation. 513.2.4 Modification of Existing Hood Systems. 513.2.4.1 Sealing. 513.2.4.2 Obstructions. 513.2.4.3 System Re-evaluation. 513.2.5 Baffle Hoods with Water Wash. 513.2.5.1 Listed for the Purpose. 513.2.5.2 Domestic Water Supply. 513.2.5.3 Control Valve. 513.2.5.4 Activation. 513.2.5.5 Water-Wash System. 513.2.5.6 Exception. 513.2.5.7 Water Supply.
113	513.2.6 Water Valve Supervision. 513.3 Simultaneous Operation. 513.3.1 Hoods. 513.3.1.1 Common Ductwork. 513.3.2 Independent Systems. 513.3.3 Exempt Equipment. 513.3.4 Automatic Sprinkler System. 513.3.5 Dry or Wet Chemical Systems. 513.4 Fuel and Electric Power Shutoff. 513.4.1 Steam. 513.4.2 Protection Not Required. 513.4.3 Manual Reset. 513.4.3.1 Power Restoration. 513.4.4 Shutoff Not Required. 513.5 Manual Actuation. 513.6 System Annunciation. 513.6.1 Signaling. 513.7 Special Design and Application.
114	513.8 Review and Certification. 513.9 Installation Requirements. 513.10 Portable Fire Extinguishers. 513.10.1 Other Fire Extinguishers. 513.10.2 Carbon Dioxide-Type. 513.11 Maintenance. 513.11.1 Permitted Use. 513.12 Solid-Fuel Fire-Extinguishing Equipment. 514.0 Procedures for the Use, Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Equipment. 514.1 Operating Procedures. 514.1.1 Filters. 514.1.2 Openings. 514.1.3 Posting of Instructions. 514.1.4 Listing and Manufacturer’s Instructions. 514.1.5 Nonoperational. 514.1.6 Secondary Control Equipment. 514.1.7 Inspection Frequency. 514.2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. 514.2.1 Requirements. 514.2.2 Fusible Links and Sprinklers. 514.2.3 Inspection Tag. 514.2.4 Temperature-Sensing Elements. 514.2.5 Certification. 514.3 Inspection for Grease Buildup.
115	514.4 Cleaning of Exhaust Systems. 514.4.1 Measurement System. 514.4.1.1 Combustible Contaminants. 514.4.1.2 Gauge Comb. 514.4.1.3 Cleaning Method. 514.4.1.4 Combustible Contaminants. 514.4.2 Removal of Contaminants. 514.4.3 Electrical Switches. 514.4.4 Fire Suppression System. 514.4.5 Inoperable. 514.4.6 Solvents/Cleaning Aids. 514.4.7 Cleaning Chemicals. 514.4.8 Coating. 514.4.9 Access Panels and Cover Plates. 514.4.10 Date of Inspection. 514.4.11 Airflow. 514.4.12 Operable State. 514.4.13 Certification of Service. 514.4.14 Report Provided. 514.4.15 Unclean Area. Table 514.3 Schedule of Inspection for Grease Buildup Figure 514.4.1.2 Depth Gauge Comb
116	514.4.16 Metal Containers. 514.5 Cooking Equipment Maintenance. 514.5.1 Cleaning. 515.0 Minimum Safety Requirements for Cooking Equipment. 515.1 Cooking Equipment. 515.1.1 Installation. 515.1.1.1 Re-evaluation. 515.1.1.2 Prior Location. 515.1.1.3 Minimum Space. 515.1.1.4 Space Not Required. 515.1.1.5 Minimum Height. 515.2 Operating Controls. 516.0 Recirculating Systems. 516.1 General Requirements. 516.2 Design Restrictions. 516.2.1 Gas/Electrically Fueled Cooking Appliances. 516.2.2 Recirculation. 516.2.3 Protection. 516.2.4 Maximum Limits.
117	516.2.5 Label. 516.2.6 Fire Damper. 516.2.7 Installation of Electrical Wiring. 516.2.8 Power Supply. 516.2.9 Listing Evaluation. 516.3 Interlocks. 516.3.1 Airflow Sections. 516.3.2 Filter Component. 516.3.3 ESP Interlocks. 516.3.3.1 Manual Reset. 516.3.4 Airflow Switch or Transducer. 516.4 Location and Application Restrictions. 516.5 Additional Fire Safety Requirements. 516.5.1 Installation Downstream. 516.5.2 Locations. 516.6 Use and Maintenance. 516.6.1 Manufacturer’s Instructions. 516.6.2 Cleaning Schedule. 516.6.3 Hood Plenum and Blower Section Cleaning Schedule. 516.6.4 Inspection of Safety Interlocks. 516.6.5 Inspection. 516.6.6 Maintenance Log. 517.0 Solid-Fuel Cooking Operations. 517.1 Venting Application.
118	517.1.1 Natural Draft. 517.1.2 System Compliance. 517.1.3 Makeup Air System. 517.1.4 Natural Draft Ventilation Systems. 517.1.5 Opening Requirements. 517.1.6 Spark Arresters. 517.2 Location of Appliances. 517.2.1 Prohibited Location. 517.2.2 Flammable Vapors. 517.3 Hoods for Solid-Fuel Cooking. 517.3.1 Separation. 517.3.1.1 Equipment with Solid Fuel for Flavoring. 517.4 Exhaust Systems for Solid-Fuel Cooking. 517.4.1 Hood. 517.4.2 Building Exceeding Four Stories.
119	517.4.3 Prohibited. 517.5 Grease Removal Devices for Solid-Fuel Cooking. 517.5.1 Spark Arrester Devices. 517.5.2 Filters. 517.6 Air Movement for Solid-Fuel Cooking. 517.6.1 Replacement Air. 517.6.2 Operation. 517.7 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment for Solid-Fuel Cooking. 517.7.1 Grease Removal Devices, Hoods, and DuctSystems. 517.7.2 Listed Fire-Extinguishing Equipment. 517.7.3 Rating and Design. 517.7.4 Listing/Class. 517.7.5 Fixed-Water Pipe System. 517.7.6 Fuel Storage. 517.7.7 Auxiliary Fuel. 517.8 Other Safety Requirements. 517.8.1 Site-Built Solid Fuel Cooking Appliances.
120	517.8.2 Additional Devices. 517.8.3 Prohibited. 518.0 Downdraft Appliances. 518.1 General. 518.2 Ventilation System. 518.3 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment. 518.3.1 Integral Fire-Extinguishing System. 518.3.2 Interlocks. 518.4 Airflow Switch or Transducer. 518.4.1 Interlocks. 518.4.2 Manual Reset. 518.5 Surface Materials. 519.0 Type II Hood Exhaust System Requirements. 519.1 Where Required. 519.2 Construction of Type II Hoods.
121	519.3 Type II Hood Exhaust System Net Airflow. 519.3.1 Dishwashing Appliances. 519.4 Type II Exhaust Duct Systems. 519.5 Termination of Type II Hood Exhaust System. 519.6 Makeup Air. 519.7 Independent Exhaust Duct System.
122	Chapter 6 Duct Systems 601.0 General. 601.1 Applicability. 601.2 Sizing Requirements. 602.0 Material. 602.1 General. 602.2 Combustibles Within Ducts or Plenums. 602.2.1 Electrical. 602.2.2 Fire Sprinkler Piping. 602.2.3 Pneumatic Tubing. 602.2.4 Discrete Products in Plenums. 602.3 Tall Wood (Mass Timber) Buildings. 602.4 Metallic. 602.5 Nonmetallic Ducts. 602.5.1 Phenolic. Table
123	602.5.2 Gypsum. 602.5.3 Air Dispersion Systems. 602.5.4 Fibrous Glass Duct. 602.5.5 Other Materials. 602.6 Vibration Isolators. 602.7 Corridors. 603.0 Installation of Ducts. 603.1 General. 603.1.1 Pressure Classification. 603.1.2 Air Temperature. 603.1.3 Protection. 603.1.4 Vertical Risers. 603.1.5 Penetrations. 603.1.6 Earthquake Loads. 603.2 Under Floor or Crawl Space. 603.3 Metal Ducts. 603.4 Flexible Air Ducts.
124	603.4.1 Length Limitation. 603.4.2 Flexible Air Connectors. 603.5 Plastic Ducts. 603.6 Protection of Ducts. 603.6.1 Weather Protection. 603.7 Support of Ducts. 603.7.1 Metal Ducts. 603.7.1.1 Rectangular Ducts. 603.7.1.2 Horizontal Round Ducts. 603.7.1.3 Tight-Fitting Around the Perimeter. 603.7.1.4 Size of Circular Bands. 603.7.1.5 Connection. 603.7.2 Flexible Air Ducts. 603.7.3 Other Ducts. 603.8 Protection Against Flood Damage. 603.9 Joints and Seams of Ducts. 603.9.1 Closure Systems. Table 603.9.1 Closure Markings
125	603.9.2 Duct Leakage Tests. 603.10 Cross Contamination. 603.11 Underground Installation. 603.12 Air Dispersion Systems. 603.13 Clearances. 603.13.1 General. 603.13.2 Supply Air Ducts to Listed Furnaces. 603.13.3 Supply Air Ducts to Unlisted Furnaces. 603.13.4 Furnace Plenums and Air Ducts. 603.13.5 Duct Furnaces. 603.13.6 Fuel-Burning Kilns. 604.0 Furnace Plenums and Air Ducts Used in Fuel-Gas Appliances. 604.1 Furnace Plenums and Air Ducts. 604.2 Supplied as a Part of Furnace. 604.3 Not Supplied with the Furnace. 604.4 Return Air.
126	605.0 Insulation of Ducts. 605.1 General. 605.1.1 Within Ducts or Plenums. 605.1.2 Duct Coverings and Linings. 606.0 Smoke Dampers, Fire Dampers, and Ceiling Dampers. 606.1 Smoke Dampers. 606.2 Fire Dampers. 606.3 Ceiling Radiation Dampers. 606.4 Combination Fire/Smoke Dampers. 606.5 Corridor Dampers. 606.6 Periodic Testing and Inspection. 606.7 Multiple Arrangements. 606.8 Access and Identification.
127	606.9 Freedom from Interference. 606.10 Temperature Classification of Operating Elements. 607.0 Ventilating Ceilings. 607.1 General. 607.2 Requirements. 608.0 Use of Under-Floor Space as Supply Plenum for Dwelling Units. 608.1 General. 608.2 Dwelling Units. 608.3 Enclosed. 608.4 Flammable Materials. 608.5 Access. 608.6 Automatic Control. 608.7 Temperature Limit. 608.8 Noncombustible Receptacle. 608.8.1 Location. 608.8.2 Area. 608.8.3 Perimeter. 608.9 Floor Registers. 608.10 Exterior Wall and Interior Stud Partitions. 608.11 Wall Register. 608.12 Distance from Combustible. 608.13 Vapor Barrier. 608.14 Prohibited. 609.0 Automatic Shutoffs. 609.1 Air-Moving Systems and Smoke Detectors.
130	Chapter 7 Combustion Air 701.0 General. 701.1 Applicability. 701.1.1 Other Types of Appliances. 701.2 Pressure Difference. 701.3 Makeup Air. 701.4 Indoor Combustion Air. 701.4.1 Standard Method. 701.4.2 Known Air Infiltration Rate Method. 701.5 Indoor Opening Size and Location. 701.6 Outdoor Combustion Air. Figures
131	701.6.1 Two Permanent Openings Method. 701.6.2 One Permanent Opening Method. 701.7 Combination Indoor and Outdoor Combustion Air. Figure 701.5 All Combustion Air from Adjacent Indoor Spaces Through Indoor Combustion Air Openings Figure 701.6.1(1) All Combustion Air From Outdoors – Inlet Air from Ventilated Crawl Space And Outlet Air To Ventilated Attic [NFPA 54: Figure A.9.3.3.1(1)(a)] Figure 701.6.1(2) All Combustion Air from Outdoors Through Ventilated Attic
132	701.7.1 Indoor Openings. 701.7.2 Outdoor Opening(s) Location. 701.7.3 Outdoor Opening(s) Size. 701.8 Engineered Installations. 701.9 Mechanical Combustion Air Supply. 701.9.1 Exhaust Fans. 701.9.2 Interlock. 701.9.3 Specified Combustion Air. 701.10 Louvers, Grilles, and Screens. 701.10.1 Minimum Screen Mesh Size. 701.10.2 Motorized Louvers. Figure 701.6.1(3) All Combustion Air from Outdoors Through Horizontal Ducts Figure 701.6.2 All Combustion Air from Outdoors Through Single Combustion Air Opening
133	701.11 Combustion Air Ducts. 701.12 Dampers Prohibited. 702.0 Extra Device or Attachment. 702.1 General.
134	Chapter 8 Chimneys and Vents 801.0 General. 801.1 Applicability. 801.2 Venting of Gas Appliances. 801.3 Appliances Fueled by Other Fuels. 802.0 Venting of Appliances. 802.1 Listing. 802.1.1 Installation. 802.1.2 Prohibited Discharge. 802.2 Connection to Venting Systems. 802.2.1 Appliances Not Required to be Vented. 802.2.2 Maximum Input Rating. 802.2.3 Adjacent Room or Space. 802.2.4 Ventilating Hoods. 802.2.5 Well-Ventilated Spaces. 802.2.6 Direct Vent Appliances. 802.2.6.1 Through-the-Wall Vent Terminations. 802.2.7 Appliances with Integral Vents. 802.2.8 Incinerators, Commercial–Industrial. 802.3 Minimum Safe Performance. 802.3.1 Appliance Draft Requirements. 802.3.2 Appliance Venting Requirements. Tables Figure
135	802.3.3 Mechanical Draft Systems. 802.3.3.1 Venting. 802.3.3.2 Leakage. 802.3.3.3 Vent Connectors. 802.3.3.4 Operation. 802.3.4 Ventilating Hoods and Exhaust Systems. 802.3.5 Circulating Air Ducts, Above-Ceiling Air-Handling Spaces, and Furnace Plenums. 802.3.6 Above-Ceiling or Nonducted Air Handling System. 802.4 Type of Venting System to be Used. 802.4.1 Plastic Piping. 802.4.2 Plastic Vent Joints. 802.4.3 Special Gas Vents. 802.5 Masonry, Metal, and Factory-Built Chimneys. 802.5.1 Factory-Built Chimneys. 802.5.1.1 Decorative Shrouds. 802.5.2 Metal Chimneys. 802.5.3 Masonry Chimneys.
136	802.5.4 Termination. 802.5.4.1 Medium-Heat Gas Appliances. 802.5.4.2 Chimney Height. 802.5.4.3 Decorative Shrouds. 802.5.5 Size of Chimneys. Table 802.4 Type of Venting System to be Used
137	802.5.6 Inspection of Chimneys or Vents. 802.5.7 Inspection of Chimneys. 802.5.7.1 Standard. 802.5.7.2 Cleanouts. 802.5.7.3 Existing Chimney. 802.5.8 Chimney Serving Appliances Burning Other Fuels. 802.5.8.1 Gas and Liquid Fuel-Burning Appliances. 802.5.8.2 Gas and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances. 802.5.8.3 Combination Gas- and Oil-BurningAppliances. 802.5.9 Support of Chimneys. Figure 802.5.4 Typical Termination Locations for Chimneys and Single-Wall Metal Pipes Serving Residential-Type and Low-Heat Appliance
138	802.5.10 Cleanouts. 802.5.11 Space Surrounding Lining or Vent. 802.5.11.1 Combustion Air. 802.6 Gas Vents. 802.6.1 Gas Vent Termination. Figure 802.6.1 Termination Locations for Gas Vents With Listed Caps 12 Inches or Less In Size Not Less Than 8 Feet From A Vertical Wall
139	802.6.1.1 Insulation Protection Shield. 802.6.2 Size of Gas Vents. 802.6.2.1 Category I Appliances. 802.6.2.2 Vent Offsets. 802.6.2.3 Category II, Category III, and Category IV Appliances. 802.6.2.4 Sizing. 802.6.3 Gas Vents Serving Appliances on More than One Floor. 802.6.3.1 Occupiable Space. 802.6.3.2 Multistory Venting System. Table 802.6.1 Roof Pitch Height
140	802.6.4 Support of Gas Vents. 802.6.5 Marking. 802.7 Single-Wall Metal Pipe. 802.7.1 Cold Climate. 802.7.2 Termination. 802.7.3 Installation with Appliances Permitted by Section 802.4. 802.7.3.1 Limitations. 802.7.3.2 Attic or Concealed Space. 802.7.3.3 Clearances. 802.7.3.4 Roof Thimble. 802.7.3.5 Combustible Exterior Wall. Figure 802.6.3.1 Plan View of Practical Separation Method For Multistory Gas Venting
141	802.7.4 Size of Single-Wall Metal Pipe. 802.7.5 Support of Single-Wall Metal Pipe. 802.7.6 Marking. 802.8 Through-the-Wall Vent Termination. 802.8.1 Clearance for Through-the-Wall Vent Termination. 802.8.2 Annular Spaces. 802.8.3 Vent Terminals. 802.9 Condensation Drain. 802.9.1 Installation. 802.10 Vent Connectors for Category I Appliances. 802.10.1 Materials. Table 802.7.3.3 Clearance for Connectors
142	802.10.1.1 Unconditioned Space. 802.10.1.2 Residential-Type Appliances. 802.10.1.3 Nonresidential Low-Heat Appliances. 802.10.1.4 Medium-Heat Appliances. 802.10.2 Size of Vent Connector. Table 802.10.1.3 Minimum Thickness for Galvanized Steel Vent Connectors for Low-Heat Appliances Table 802.10.1.4 Minimum Thickness for Steel Vent Connectors for Medium-Heat Appliances
143	Table 802.8.1 Through-the-Wall Direct Vent Termination Clearances
144	802.10.2.1 Manifold. 802.10.2.2 Size. 802.10.2.3 Height. 802.10.2.4 Size Increase. 802.10.3 Two or More Appliances Connected to a Single Vent. Figure 802.8.1 Exit Terminals of Mechanical Draft and Direct Vent Venting Systems
145	802.10.3.1 Height of Connector. 802.10.3.2 Pressure. 802.10.4 Clearance. 802.10.5 Joints. 802.10.6 Connector Junctions. 802.10.7 Slope. 802.10.8 Length of Vent Connector. 802.10.8.1 Single Wall Connector. 802.10.8.2 Type B Double Wall Connector. 802.10.9 Support. 802.10.10 Chimney Connection. 802.10.11 Inspection. 802.10.12 Fireplaces. 802.10.13 Passage Through Ceilings, Floors, or Walls. 802.10.13.1 Medium-Heat Appliances. 802.11 Vent Connectors for Category II, Category III, and Category IV Appliances. 802.12 Appliances Requiring Draft Hoods.
146	802.12.1 Installation. 802.12.2 Draft Control Devices. 802.12.3 Additional Devices. 802.12.4 Location. 802.12.5 Positioning. 802.12.6 Clearance. 802.13 Manually Operated Dampers. 802.14 Automatically Operated Vent Dampers. 802.14.1 Listing. 802.15 Obstruction of Flow. 803.0 Sizing of Category I Venting Systems. 803.1 Additional Requirements to Single Appliance Vent. 803.1.1 Vent Downsizing.
147	803.1.2 Elbows. 803.1.3 Zero Lateral. 803.1.4 High-Altitude Installations. 803.1.5 Two-Stage/Modulating Appliances. 803.1.6 Corrugated Chimney Liners. 803.1.7 Connection to Chimney Liners. 803.1.8 Vertical Vent Upsizing Using the 7 Times Rule. 803.1.9 Draft Hood Conversion Accessories. 803.1.10 Chimney and Vent Locations.
148	803.1.11 Residential and Low-Heat Appliances. 803.1.11.1 Clay Flue Lining. 803.1.11.2 Chimney Lining. 803.1.12 Corrugated Vent Connector Size. 803.1.13 Upsizing. 803.1.14 Multiple Vertical Vent Sizes. 803.1.15 Interpolation. 803.1.16 Extrapolation. 803.1.17 Engineering Methods. 803.1.18 Height Entries. 803.2 Additional Requirements to Multiple-Appliance Vent. 803.2.1 Vent Connector Maximum Length. 803.2.2 Vent Connector Exceeding Maximum Length. Table 803.2.1 Vent Connector Maximum Length
149	803.2.3 Vent Connector Manifolds. 803.2.4 Vent Offsets. 803.2.5 Elbows in Vents. 803.2.6 Elbows in Connectors. 803.2.7 Common Vent Minimum Size. 803.2.8 Tee and Wye Fittings. 803.2.9 Size of Fittings. 803.2.10 High-Altitude Installations. 803.2.11 Vent Connector Rise. 803.2.12 Vent Height. 803.2.13 Multistory Vent Height. 803.2.14 Size of Vents for Multistory Installations. Figure 803.2.3 Use of Manifolded Common Vent Connector
150	803.2.15 Multistory Type B Vents Required. 803.2.16 Multistory Vent Offsets and Capacity. 803.2.17 Vertical Vent Size Limitation. 803.2.18 Two-Stage/Modulating Appliances. 803.2.19 Corrugated Metallic Chimney Liner Reduction. 803.2.20 Chimneys and Vents. 803.2.21 Vent Connector Sizing. 803.2.22 Multiple Vent and Connector Sizes.
151	803.2.23 Multiple Connector and Vent Sizes. 803.2.24 Interpolation. 803.2.25 Extrapolation. 803.2.26 Sizing Vents Not Covered by Tables. 803.2.27 Height Entries.
152	Figure 803.1.2(6) Range of Winter Design Temperatures Used In Analyzing Exterior Masonry Chimneys In The United States
153	Table 803.1.2(1) Type B Double-Wall Gas Vent
156	Table 803.1.2(2) Type B Double-Wall Gas Vent
158	Table 803.1.2(3) Masonry Chimney
160	Table 803.1.2(4) Masonry Chimney
162	Table 803.1.2(5) Single-Wall Metal Pipe or Type B Asbestos-Cement Vent
163	Table 803.1.2(6) Exterior Masonry Chimney
164	Table 803.2(1) Type B Double-Wall Vent
168	Table 803.2(2) Type B Double-Wall Vent
170	Table 803.2(3) Masonry Chimney
172	Table 803.2(4) Masonry Chimney
174	Table 803.2(5) Single-Wall Metal Pipe or Type B Asbestos-Cement Vent Table 803.2(6) Exterior Masonry Chimney
175	Table 803.2(7) Exterior Masonry Chimney
176	Table 803.2(8) Exterior Masonry Chimney
177	Table 803.2(9) Exterior Masonry Chimney [NFPA 54: Table 13.2(i)]1, 2
178	Chapter 9 Installation of Specific Appliances 901.0 General. 901.1 Applicability. 902.0 General. 902.1 Nonindustrial Appliances. 902.2 Combustion Air from Bedroom or Bathroom. 902.3 Added or Converted Appliances. 902.4 Type of Gas(es). 902.5 Safety Shutoff Devices for Unlisted LP-Gas Appliances Used Indoors. 902.6 Fuel Input Rate. 902.7 Use of Air or Oxygen Under Pressure. 902.8 Appliance Support. 902.8.1 Structural Capacity. 902.9 Flammable Vapors. 902.10 Solid-Fuel Burning Appliances. 902.11 Combination of Appliances and Equipment. 902.12 Protection of Gas Appliances from Fumes or Gases Other than Products of Combustion. Tables Figure
179	902.13 Process Air. 902.14 Gas Appliance Pressure Regulators. 902.15 Bleed Lines for Diaphragm-Type Valves. 903.0 Air-Conditioning Appliances. 903.1 Electric Air Conditioners. 903.2 Gas-Fired Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps. 903.2.1 Application. 903.2.2 Independent Gas Piping. 903.2.3 Connection of Gas Engine-Powered Air Conditioners. 903.2.4 Clearances for Indoor Installation. 903.2.5 Assembly and Installation. 903.2.6 Refrigeration Coils. 903.2.7 Switches in Electrical Supply Line. 903.3 Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners. 904.0 Central Heating Boilers and Furnaces. 904.1 Application.
180	904.2 Location. 904.2.1 Self-Closing Doors. 904.2.2 Gasketing. 904.3 Clearance. 904.3.1 Listed Units. 904.3.2 Unlisted Units. 904.3.3 Listed and Unlisted Units. 904.3.4 Front Clearance. 904.3.5 Adjacent to Plaster or Noncombustible Materials. 904.3.6 Interference. 904.3.7 Central Heating Furnaces. 904.4 Assembly and Installation. 904.4.1 Under-Floor Installation. 904.4.1.1 Supported by Ground. 904.4.1.2 Supported from Above. 904.4.1.3 Excavation.
181	904.5 Temperature or Pressure Limiting Devices. 904.6 Low-Water Cutoff. 904.7 Steam Safety and Pressure Relief Valves. 904.7.1 Discharge. 904.7.2 Size. 904.7.3 End Connections. 904.8 Refrigeration Coils. 904.9 Cooling Units Used with Heating Boilers. 904.9.1 Exposed to Refrigerated Air Circulation. 904.10 Furnace (Upright and Horizontal). Table 904.3.2 Clearances to Combustible Material for Unlisted Furnaces and Boilers
182	904.11 Solid-Fuel-Fired Furnaces. 904.12 Oil-Fired Central Furnaces. 904.13 Commercial or Industrial Gas Heaters. 904.14 Electric Central Furnaces. 905.0 Duct Furnaces. 905.1 Application. 905.2 Clearances. 905.3 Installation of Duct Furnaces. 905.4 Access Panels. 905.5 Location of Draft Hoods and Controls. 905.6 Circulating Air. 905.7 Duct Furnaces Used with Refrigeration Systems. 905.7.1 In Conjunction with Cooling Appliances. 905.7.2 Heat Exchangers. 905.8 Installation in Commercial Garages and Aircraft Hangars. 905.9 Electric Duct Heaters. 905.9.1 Installation. 905.9.2 Clearance. 906.0 Floor Furnaces. 906.1 Application.
183	906.2 Installation. 906.3 Temperature Limit Controls. 906.4 Combustion and Circulating Air. 906.5 Placement. 906.6 Bracing. 906.7 Support. 906.8 Clearance. 906.9 Access. 906.10 Seepage Pan. 906.11 Wind Protection. 906.12 Upper Floor Installations. 906.13 First Floor Installation. 906.14 Oil-Fired Floor Furnaces. 907.0 Wall Furnaces. 907.1 Application. 907.2 Installation. 907.2.1 Vented Wall Furnaces.
184	907.2.2 Direct Vent Wall Furnaces. 907.2.3 Panels, Grilles, and Access Doors. 907.3 Location. 907.4 Combustion and Circulating Air. 907.5 Oil-Fired Wall Furnaces. 908.0 Clothes Dryers. 908.1 Application. 908.2 Electric Clothes Dryers. 908.3 Gas-Fired Clothes Dryers. 908.3.1 Clearance. 908.3.2 Exhausting to the Outdoors. 908.3.3 Multiple-Family or Public Use. 909.0 Conversion Burners. 909.1 General. Figure 907.2.1 Installation of Type B-W Gas Vents for Vented Wall Furnaces
185	910.0 Burner Assemblies. 910.1 Oil Burners. 910.2 Gas Burners. 911.0 Decorative Appliances for Installation in Vented Fireplaces. 911.1 Application. 911.2 Prohibited Installations. 911.3 Installation. 911.3.1 Listed Decorative Appliance. 911.3.2 In Manufactured Homes. 911.4 Fireplace Screens. 912.0 Gas Fireplaces, Vented. 912.1 Application. 912.2 Prohibited Installations. 912.3 Installation. 912.4 Combustion and Circulating Air. 913.0 Factory-Built Fireplaces and Fireplace Stoves. 913.1 Factory-Built Fireplaces. 913.1.1 Gasketed Fireplace Doors. 913.2 Fireplace Stoves. 913.3 Fireplace Accessories. 914.0 Non-Recirculating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters. 914.1 Application. 914.2 Prohibited Installations. 914.3 Installation. 914.3.1 Fresh Air Ventilation. 914.3.2 Access Required.
186	914.4 Clearance from Combustible Materials. 914.5 Air Supply. 914.5.1 Non-Recirculating Systems. 914.5.2 Recirculating Systems. 914.5.3 Dampers or Louvers. 914.6 Atmospheric Vents, Gas Reliefs, or Bleeds. 914.7 Relief Openings. 914.7.1 Infiltration Rate. 914.7.2 Louver or Gravity Dampers. 914.8 Purging. 915.0 Room Heaters. 915.1 Application. 915.1.1 Vented Room Heaters. 915.1.2 Unvented Room Heaters. 915.2 Electric Room Heaters. 915.3 Gas-Fired Room Heaters. 915.3.1 Prohibited Installations. 915.3.1.1 Unvented Room Heaters. 915.3.2 Installations in Institutions. 915.3.3 Clearance.
187	915.3.4 Wall-Mounted Room Heaters. 915.4 Solid-Fuel-Type Room Heaters. 916.0 Unit Heaters. 916.1 Application. 916.2 Support. 916.3 Clearance for Suspended-Type Unit Heaters. 916.3.1 Floor-Mounted-Type Unit Heaters. 916.4 Combustion and Circulating Air. 916.5 Ductwork. 916.6 Installation in Commercial Garages and Aircraft Hangars. 916.7 Oil-Fired Unit Heaters. 917.0 Food Service Appliance, Floor-Mounted. 917.1 Application. 917.2 Clearance for Listed Appliances. 917.3 Mounting on Combustible Floors. 917.3.1 Not Listed for Mounting on Combustible Floors.
188	917.4 Installation on Noncombustible Floors. 917.5 Combustible Material Adjacent to Cooking Top. 917.6 Use with Casters. 917.7 Level Installation. 917.8 Ventilation. 918.0 Food Service Appliances, Counter Appliances. 918.1 Application. 918.2 Vertical Clearance. 918.3 Clearance for Listed Appliances. 918.4 Clearance for Unlisted Appliances. 919.0 Household Cooking Appliances. 919.1 Application. 919.2 Electric Household Cooking Appliances. 919.3 Gas-Fired Household Cooking Appliances.
189	919.4 Floor-Mounted Units. 919.4.1 Clearances. 919.4.2 Vertical Clearance Above Cooking Top. 919.5 Built-In Units. 919.5.1 Installation. 919.5.2 Vertical Clearance Above Cooking Top. 919.6 Level Installation. 920.0 Cooking Appliances Listing. 920.1 Commercial Electric Ranges. 920.2 Commercial Wood-Fired Baking Ovens. 920.3 Oil-Burning Ranges. 921.0 Open-Top Broiler Units. 921.1 Application. 921.2 Protection Above Domestic Units. 921.3 Commercial Units. 922.0 Outdoor Cooking Appliances. 922.1 Application.
190	923.0 Illuminating Appliances. 923.1 Clearances for Listed Appliances. 923.2 Clearances for Unlisted Appliances. 923.2.1 Open-Flame Type. 923.3 Mounting on Buildings. 923.4 Mounting on Posts. 923.5 Appliance Pressure Regulators. 924.0 Incinerators and Crematories. 924.1 Field Constructed Commercial-Industrial Incinerators. 924.2 Factory-Built Commercial Crematories. 924.3 Residential Incinerators. 925.0 Infrared Heaters. 925.1 Application. 925.2 Support. 925.3 Clearance. Table 923.2.1 Clearances for Unlisted Outdoor Open-Flame Illuminating Appliances
191	925.4 Combustion and Ventilation Air. 925.4.1 Exhaust Openings. 925.5 Installation in Commercial Garages and Aircraft Hangars. 925.6 Electric Radiant Heaters. 926.0 Pool Heaters. 926.1 Application. 926.2 Location. 926.3 Clearance. 926.4 Temperature or Pressure-Limiting Devices. 926.5 Bypass Valves. 926.6 Venting. 927.0 Refrigerators. 927.1 Application. 927.2 Clearance. 927.3 Venting or Ventilating Kits Approved for Use with a Refrigerator. 928.0 Gas-Fired Toilets. 928.1 Clearance. 928.2 Installation on Combustible Floors. 928.3 Vents. 929.0 Appliances for Installation in Manufactured Housing. 929.1 General. 930.0 Small Ceramic Kilns. 930.1 General. 930.2 Installation. 930.3 Fuel-Gas Controls. 930.4 Electrical Equipment.
192	930.5 Installations Inside Buildings. 930.5.1 Kiln Clearances. 930.5.2 Hoods. 930.5.3 Gravity Ventilation Ducts. 930.5.4 Makeup Air. 930.6 Exterior Installations. 931.0 Outdoor Open Flame Decorative Appliances. 931.1 General. 931.1.1 Application. 931.1.2 Connection to the Piping System. 932.0 Evaporative Cooling Systems. 932.1 General. 932.2 Location. 932.3 Access, Inspection, and Repair. 932.4 Installation. 932.4.1 Modifications to the Supporting Structure. 932.4.2 On the Ground. 932.4.3 On a Platform. 933.0 Refrigeration Appliances. 933.1 Self-Contained Refrigerators and Freezers.
193	933.2 Unit Coolers. 933.3 Self-Contained Mechanical Refrigeration Systems. 934.0 Ductless Mini-Split Systems Installation. 934.1 General. 935.0 Air Filter Appliances. 935.1 Electrostatic Air Cleaners. 935.2 High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filter Units. 936.0 Gaseous Hydrogen Systems. 936.1 General. 937.0 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicular Fuel Systems. 937.1 General. 938.0 Dehumidifiers. 938.1 General. 939.0 Sauna Heaters. 939.1 Electric Sauna Heaters.
194	Chapter 10 Boilers and Pressure Vessels 1001.0 General. 1001.1 Applicability. 1001.2 Boiler Rooms and Enclosures. 1001.3 Air for Combustion and Ventilation. 1001.4 Drainage. 1001.5 Mounting. 1001.5.1 Floors. 1001.6 Chimneys or Vents. 1002.0 Standards. 1002.1 General. 1002.2 Oil-Burning Boilers. 1002.2.1 Listing & Labeling. 1002.2.2 Installation. 1002.3 Electric Boilers. 1002.4 Solid-Fuel-Fired Boilers. 1002.5 Dual Purpose Water Heaters. Tables
195	1003.0 Detailed Requirements. 1003.1 Safety Requirements. 1003.2 Controls. 1003.2.1 Automatic Boilers. 1003.3 Gauges. 1003.4 Stack Dampers. 1003.5 Welding. 1004.0 Expansion Tanks. 1004.1 General. 1004.2 Open-Type Expansion Tanks. 1004.3 Closed-Type Systems. 1004.4 Minimum Capacity of Closed-Type Tank.
196	1005.0 Safety or Relief Valve Discharge. 1005.1 General. 1005.2 Discharge Piping. 1005.3 Splash Shield. 1005.4 Hazardous Discharge. 1005.5 Vacuum Relief Valve. 1006.0 Shutoff Valves. 1006.1 General. 1007.0 Gas-Pressure Regulators. 1007.1 General. Table 1004.4(1) Expansion Tank Capacities for Gravity Hot Water Systems Table 1004.4(2) Expansion Tank Capacities for Forced Hot Water Systems
197	1008.0 Low-Water Cutoff. 1008.1 General. 1009.0 Combustion Regulators – Safety Valves. 1009.1 General. 1010.0 Clearance for Access. 1010.1 General. 1010.2 Power Boilers. 1010.3 Steam-Heating Boilers, Hot Water Boilers, and Power Boilers. 1010.4 Package Boilers, Steam-Heating Boilers, and Hot-Water-Heating Boilers. 1011.0 Boilers, Stokers, and Steam Generators. 1011.1 General. 1012.0 Operating Adjustments and Instructions. 1012.1 General. 1013.0 Inspections and Tests. 1013.1 General.
198	1013.2 Operating Permit. 1013.3 Maintenance Inspection. 1013.4 Power and Miniature Boilers. 1013.5 Steam-Heating and Water-Heating Boilers. 1013.6 Automatic Steam-Heating Boilers. 1013.7 Unfired Pressure Vessels. 1014.0 Operation and Maintenance of Boilers and Pressure Vessels. 1014.1 General.
199	Table 1003.2.1 Controls and Limit Devices for Automatic Boilers
202	Chapter 11 Regrigeration 1101.0 General. 1101.1 Applicability. 1101.2 Equipment. Part I – Refrigeration Systems. 1102.0 Refrigeration Systems. 1102.1 General. 1102.2 Ammonia Refrigeration Systems. 1102.3 Refrigerants. 1103.0 Classification. 1103.1 Classification of Refrigerants. 1103.1.1 Safety Group. 1103.2 Classification of Refrigeration Systems. 1103.2.1 High-Probability System. 1103.2.2 Low-Probability System. 1103.3 Higher Flammability Refrigerants. 1104.0 Requirements for Refrigerant and Refrigeration System Use. 1104.1 System Selection. 1104.2 Refrigerant Concentration Limit (RCL). Tables Table 1103.1.1 Refrigerant Safety Group Classifications Figure
203	1104.2.1 Volume Calculations. 1104.2.2 Nonconnecting Spaces. Table 1104.1 Permissible Refrigeration Systems
204	1104.2.3 Ventilated Spaces. 1104.2.3.1 Closures. 1104.2.3.2 Plenums. 1104.2.3.3 Supply and Return Ducts. 1104.3 Institutional Occupancies. 1104.4 Industrial Occupancies and Refrigerated Rooms. 1104.5 Flammable Refrigerants. 1104.6 Group A2L Refrigerants for Human Comfort. 1104.6.1 Refrigerant Concentration Limits. 1104.6.2 Listing and Installation Requirements. 1104.6.2.1 Nameplate. 1104.6.2.2 Labeling. 1104.6.2.3 Refrigerant Detectors.
205	1104.6.2.4 Refrigerant Concentration Above Limit. 1104.6.3 Ignition Sources Located in Ductwork. 1104.6.4 Mechanical Ventilation. 1104.6.5 Compressors and Pressure Vessel Located Indoors. 1104.6.6 Refrigerant Sensors. 1104.7 Applications for Human Comfort and for Nonindustrial Occupancies. 1104.8 Refrigerant Type and Purity. 1104.8.1 Recovered Refrigerants. 1104.8.2 Recycled Refrigerants. 1104.8.3 Reclaimed Refrigerants. 1104.8.4 Mixing.
206	1104.9 Changing Refrigerants. 1104.9.1 Approval. 1104.9.2 Procedures. 1104.9.3 Replacement Refrigerant of Same Classification. 1104.9.4 Replacement Refrigerant of Different Classification. 1105.0 General Requirements. 1105.1 Human Comfort. 1105.2 Supports and Anchorage. 1105.3 Access. 1105.4 Illumination and Service Receptacles. 1105.5 Ventilation of Rooms Containing Condensing Units. 1105.5.1 Permanent Gravity Ventilation Openings.
207	1105.5.2 Mechanical Exhaust System. 1105.6 Prohibited Locations. 1105.7 Condensate. 1105.8 Defrost. 1105.9 Overflows. 1105.10 Condensate, Defrost, and Overflow Disposal. 1105.11 Refrigerant Port Protection. 1105.12 Storage. 1105.12.1 Storing Refrigerant. 1106.0 Refrigeration Machinery Rooms. 1106.1 Where Required. 1106.1.1 Quantity. 1106.1.2 Equipment. 1106.1.3 A1 System. 1106.1.4 A1 Refrigerant. 1106.2 Refrigeration Machinery Room, General Requirements. 1106.2.1 Access.
208	1106.2.2 Openings. 1106.2.3 Airflow. 1106.2.4 Restricted Access. 1106.2.5 Detectors and Alarms. 1106.2.6 Refrigerant Detectors. 1106.2.7 Mechanical Ventilation. 1106.2.8 Ventilation. 1106.2.9 Emergency Ventilation-Required Airflow. 1106.2.9.1 Ventilation – A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 Refrigerants. 1106.3 Normal Operation.
209	1106.4 Natural Ventilation. 1106.5 Combustion Air. 1106.6 Ventilation Intake. 1106.7 Maximum Temperature. 1106.8 Refrigerant Parts in Air Duct. 1106.9 Dimensions. 1106.10 Exits. 1106.11 Machinery Room, A2L and B2L. 1106.11.1 Flame-Producing Device. 1106.11.2 Communicating Spaces. 1106.11.3 Noncombustible Construction. 1106.11.4 Exterior Openings. 1106.11.5 Pipe Penetrations. 1106.11.6 Machinery Room Designation.
210	1106.11.6.1 Mechanical Ventilation. 1106.11.6.2 Detection System. 1106.11.7 Mechanical Equipment Control. 1106.11.8 Refrigerant Detectors. 1106.11.9 Refrigerant Detectors Requirements. 1106.11.10 Alarms. 1106.11.10.1 Visual and Audio. 1106.11.10.2 Detector Activation. 1106.11.10.3 Alarm Levels. 1106.11.10.4 Emergency.
211	1106.11.11 Mechanical Ventilation. 1106.11.11.1 Mechanical Ventilation Requirements. 1106.11.11.2 Level 1 Ventilation Rate. 1106.11.11.3 Level 2 Ventilation. 1106.11.11.4 Level 2 Ventilation Rate. Table 1106.11.10.2 Refrigerant Detector Set Points, Response Times, Alarms, and Ventilation Levels Table 1106.11.11.2 Level 1 Ventilation Rate for Class 2L Refrigerants
212	1107.0 Machinery Room, Special Requirements. 1107.1 General. 1107.1.1 Flame-Producing Devices. 1107.1.2 Doors. 1107.1.3 Walls, Floors, and Ceilings. 1107.1.4 Machinery Rooms. 1107.1.5 Exterior Openings. 1107.1.6 Sealing. 1107.1.7 Group A2L and B2L Refrigerants. 1107.1.7.1 Mechanical Ventilation. 1107.1.7.2 Refrigeration Detectors. 1107.1.7.3 Machinery Rooms. 1107.1.8 Group A2, A3, B2, or B3 Refrigerants. 1107.1.9 Refrigeration Systems. 1107.1.10 Remote Control. 1108.0 Refrigeration Machinery Room Equipment and Controls. 1108.1 General. 1108.2 Electrical. 1108.3 Emergency Shutoff. 1108.4 Installation, Maintenance, and Testing. 1108.5 Emergency Pressure Control System.
213	Figure 1106.11.11.4 Level 2 Ventilation Rate For Class 2l Refrigerants
214	1109.0 Refrigeration Piping, Containers, and Valves. 1109.1 Materials. 1109.1.1 Copper and Copper Alloy Pipe. 1109.1.2 Copper Linesets. 1109.1.3 Iron and Steel. 1109.1.4 Prohibited Contact. 1109.2 Joints. 1109.3 Penetration of Piping. 1109.4 Location of Refrigeration Piping. 1109.4.1 Protection from Mechanical Damage. 1109.5 Underground Piping. 1109.5.1 Piping in Concrete Floors. 1109.6 Support. Table 1109.1 Materials for Refrigerant Piping, Tubing, and Fittings
215	1109.7 Pipe Enclosure. 1109.8 Visual Inspection. 1109.9 Condensation. 1109.10 Identification. 1110.0 Valves. 1110.1 More than 6.6 Pounds of Refrigerant. 1110.2 More than 110 Pounds of Refrigerant. 1110.3 Support. 1110.4 Access. 1110.5 Identification. 1111.0 Pressure-Limiting Devices. 1111.1 Where Required. 1111.2 Setting.
216	1111.3 Location. 1111.4 Emergency Stop. 1112.0 Pressure-Relief Devices. 1112.1 General. 1112.2 Positive Displacement Compressor. 1112.3 Liquid-Containing Portions of Systems. 1112.4 Evaporators.
217	1112.5 Hydrostatic Expansion. 1112.5.1 Hydrostatic Expansion During Normal Operation. 1112.5.2 Hydrostatic Expansion During Maintenance. 1112.6 Actuation. 1112.7 Stop Valves Prohibited. 1112.8 Location. 1112.9 Materials. 1112.10 Pressure-Relief Valve Setting. 1112.10.1 Rupture Member Setting. 1112.11 Discharge from Pressure-Relief Devices. 1112.11.1 Discharging Location Interior to Building. 1112.11.2 Discharging Location Exterior to Building.
218	1112.11.3 Internal Relief. 1112.11.4 Discharge Location, Special Requirements. 1112.11.4.1 Water (R-718). 1112.12 Discharge Piping. 1112.12.1 Piping Connection. 1112.12.2 Pipe Size. 1112.12.3 Maximum Length. 1112.12.4 Design Back Pressure.
219	1112.12.5 Simultaneous Operation. 1112.13 Rating of Pressure-Relief Device. 1112.14 Rating of Rupture Members and Fusible Plugs. Table 1112.12.4 Atmospheric Pressure at Nominal Installation Elevation (Pa)
220	1113.0 Overpressure Protection. 1113.1 General. 1113.2 Type of Protection. 1113.3 Discharging into Lowside of System. 1113.4 Parallel Pressure-Relief Devices. 1113.5 Discharge Capacity. 1113.6 Three-Way Valve. 1114.0 Special Discharge Requirements. 1114.1 General. 1114.2 Design Requirements. 1114.3 Testing. 1115.0 Labeling and Identification. 1115.1 General. 1115.2 Volume and Type. 1115.3 Permanent Sign.
221	1115.4 Marking of Pressure-Relief Devices. 1115.4.1 Rupture Members. 1115.4.2 Fusible Plugs. 1115.5 Nameplate. 1116.0 Testing of Refrigeration Equipment. 1116.1 Factory Tests. 1116.1.1 Testing Procedure. 1116.1.2 Applied Pressure. 1116.1.3 Design Pressure of 15 psig or Less. 1116.2 Field Tests. 1116.3 Test Gases.
222	1116.4 Declaration. 1116.5 Brine Systems. 1117.0 Refrigerant-Containing Pressure Vessels. 1117.1 Inside Dimensions 6 Inches or Less. 1117.1.1 Pressure-Relief Device. 1117.1.2 Fusible Plug. 1117.2 Inside Dimensions More than 6 Inches. 1117.3 Pressure Vessels for 15 psig or Less. 1118.0 Maintenance and Operation. 1118.1 General. Part II – Cooling Towers. 1119.0 General. 1119.1 Applicability. 1120.0 Support and Anchorage. 1120.1 General. 1121.0 Drainage. 1121.1 General. 1122.0 Chemical Treatment Systems. 1122.1 General. 1122.2 Automated Control of Cycles of Concentration. 1123.0 Location. 1123.1 General.
223	1124.0 Electrical. 1124.1 General. 1125.0 Refrigerants and Hazardous Fluids. 1125.1 General. 1126.0 Drift Eliminators. 1126.1 General. 1127.0 Water Supply. 1127.1 General.
224	Table 1102.3 Refrigerant Groups, Properties, and Allowable Quantities
230	Chapter 12 Hydronics 1201.0 General. 1201.1 Applicability. 1201.2 Insulation. 1201.3 Water Hammer Protection. 1201.4 Terminal Units. 1201.5 Return-Water Low-Temperature Protection. 1201.6 Heat Transfer Fluid Quality. 1201.6.1 Ethylene Glycol. 1201.7 Heat Emitters. 1201.8 Mechanical Devices. 1201.9 Flexible Connectors. 1201.10 Freeze Protection. 1201.10.1 Antifreeze Requirements. 1202.0 Protection of Potable Water Supply. 1202.1 Prohibited Sources. 1202.2 Chemical Injection. Table Table 1201.10 Percent Glycol Mixtures
231	1202.3 Compatibility. 1203.0 Capacity of Heat Source. 1203.1 Heat Source. 1203.2 Dual Purpose Water Heaters. 1203.3 Tankless Water Heaters. 1204.0 Identification of Potable and Nonpotable Water Systems. 1204.1 General. 1204.2 Color and Information. 1204.3 Potable Water. 1204.4 Nonpotable Water. 1204.5 Location of Piping Identification. 1204.6 Flow Directions. 1204.7 Heat Transfer Fluid. 1204.8 Identification of Chemical Additives. 1205.0 Installation, Testing, and Inspection. 1205.1 Operating Instructions. 1205.2 Pressure Testing. Table 1203.2 Water Heaters Table 1204.3 Minimum Length of Color Field and Size of Letters
232	1205.3 Flushing. 1206.0 Pressure and Safety Devices. 1206.1 General. 1206.2 Discharge Piping. 1207.0 Heating Appliances and Equipment. 1207.1 General. 1207.2 Boilers. 1207.2.1 Condensing Boilers. 1207.2.2 Noncondensing Boilers. 1207.3 Dual-Purpose Water Heaters. 1207.3.1 Temperature Limitations. 1207.4 Solar Heat Collector Systems. 1207.5 Heat Pumps. 1208.0 Circulators and Pumps. 1208.1 General.
233	1208.2 Mounting. 1208.3 Sizing. 1209.0 Expansion Tanks. 1209.1 General. 1209.2 Installation. 1209.3 Closed-Type Tanks. 1209.4 Sizing. 1210.0 Materials. 1210.1 Piping, Tubing, and Fittings. 1210.2 Expansion and Contraction. 1210.3 Hangers and Supports. 1210.4 Oxygen Diffusion Corrosion. 1210.4.1 Vented Closed-Loop Systems. 1210.4.2 Non-Oxygen Barrier Closed-Loop Systems. 1211.0 Joints and Connections. 1211.1 General. 1211.2 Pipe Bends. 1211.2.1 Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing. 1211.2.2 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe/Tubing.
234	Table 1210.1 Materials for Hydronic System Piping, Tubing, and Fittings
235	1211.2.3 Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PERT) Tubing. 1211.3 Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipe. 1211.4 CPVC/AL/CPVC Plastic Pipe and Joints. 1211.5 Copper or Copper Alloy Pipe and Tubing. Table 1211.2.2 Minimum Bend Radius for PE Pipe Installed in Open Cut Trench
236	1211.6 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe. 1211.7 Cross-Linked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) Pipe. 1211.8 Ductile Iron Pipe. 1211.9 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe/Tubing.
237	1211.10 Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PEAL-PE). 1211.11 Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT). 1211.12 Polypropylene (PP) Pipe. 1211.13 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe.
238	1211.14 Steel Pipe and Tubing. 1211.15 Stainless Steel Pipe and Joints. 1211.15.1 Mechanical Joints. 1211.15.2 Welded Joints. 1211.16 Joints Between Various Materials. 1211.16.1 Copper or Copper Alloy Pipe or Tubing to Threaded Pipe Joints. 1211.16.2 Plastic Pipe to Other Materials. 1212.0 Valves. 1212.1 General. 1212.2 Where Required. 1212.3 Heat Exchanger. 1212.4 Pressure Vessels. 1212.5 Pressure Reducing Valves. 1212.6 Equipment, Components, and Appliances. 1212.7 Expansion Tank. 1212.8 Flow Balancing Valves. 1212.9 Mixing or Temperature Control Valves. 1212.10 Thermosiphoning. 1212.11 Air Removal Device or Air Vents. 1212.12 District Energy and Central Utility Systems. 1213.0 System Controls. 1213.1 Water Temperature Controls.
239	1213.2 Operating Steam Controls. 1213.2.1 Water-Level Controls. 1213.3 Occupied Spaces. 1213.4 Simultaneous Operation. 1213.5 Temperature Reading. 1214.0 Pressure and Flow Controls. 1214.1 Balancing. 1214.2 Low-Water Control. 1214.3 Flow-Sensing Devices. 1214.4 Automatic Makeup Fluid. 1214.4.1 Potable Makeup Fluid. 1214.4.2 Nonpotable Makeup Fluid. 1214.5 Differential Pressure Regulation. 1214.5.1 Differential Pressure Bypass Valve. 1214.6 Air-Removal Device. 1214.7 Air-Separation Device. 1214.8 Secondary Loops. 1215.0 Hydronic Space Heating. 1215.1 General. 1215.2 Installation.
240	1215.3 Balancing. 1215.4 Heat Transfer Fluid. 1216.0 Steam Systems. 1216.1 Steam Traps. 1216.2 Sloping for Two-Pipe System. 1216.3 Sloping for One-Pipe System. 1216.4 Automatic Air Vents. 1216.5 Condensate Flow. 1216.6 Steam-Distribution Piping. 1217.0 Radiant Heating and Cooling. 1217.1 Installation. 1217.1.1 Manifolds. 1217.2 Radiant Under-Floor Heating. 1217.3 Radiant Cooling Systems. 1217.3.1 Minimum Floor Temperatures. 1217.4 Chilled Water Supply/Distribution Piping. 1217.5 Tube Placement. 1217.6 Tube Length. 1217.7 Tube Identification. Table 1217.6 Maximum Length of Continuous Tubing from A Supply-and-Return Manifold Arrangement
241	1217.8 Poured Floor Structural Concrete Slab Systems (Thermal Mass). 1217.8.1 Slab Penetration Tube and Joint Protection. 1217.8.2 Insulation. 1217.8.3 Types of Tube Fasteners. 1217.8.4 Spacing of Tube Fasteners. 1217.9 Joist Systems and Subfloors. 1217.9.1 Tubing Fasteners. 1217.10 Wall and Ceiling Panels. 1217.11 Radiant Heating and Cooling Panels. 1217.11.1 Electric Heating Panel Systems. 1217.11.2 Radiant Wall and Ceiling Panels. 1217.11.2.1 Insulation.
242	1217.11.2.2 Maximum Surface Temperatures. 1218.0 Heat Exchangers. 1218.1 General. 1219.0 Indirect-Fired Domestic Hot-Water Storage Tanks. 1219.1 General. 1220.0 Snow and Ice Melt Systems. 1220.1 Use of Chemical Additives and Corrosive Fluids. 1220.2 Types of Tube Fasteners. 1220.3 Spacing of Tube Fasteners. 1220.4 Snow and Ice Melt Controls. 1220.4.1 Tube Placement. 1220.4.2 Tube Length. 1220.4.3 Multizone Systems.
243	1220.4.4 Poured Structural Concrete Slab Systems. 1220.4.5 Slab Penetration Tube and Joint Protection. 1220.4.6 Concrete Slab Preparation. 1220.4.7 Insulation. 1220.4.8 Testing and Flushing. 1220.5 Hydronic Makeup Air Units. 1221.0 Piping Installation. 1221.1 General. 1221.2 Embedded Piping Materials and Joints. 1221.2.1 Steel Pipe. 1221.2.2 Copper Tubing. 1221.2.3 Plastics. 1221.3 Pressure Testing. 1221.4 System Drainage. 1221.5 Condensate Drainage. 1221.6 Hydronic Fluid Disposal. 1221.7 Clearance to Combustibles. Table 1220.4.2 Loop Lengths for Snow and Ice Melt Systems
244	Chapter 13 Fuel Gas Piping 1301.0 Scope of Gas Piping. 1301.1 Applicability. 1302.0 Coverage of Piping System. 1302.1 General. 1302.2 Piping System Requirements. 1302.3 Applications. 1303.0 Inspection. 1303.1 Inspection Notification. 1303.2 Excavation. 1303.3 Type of Inspections. 1303.3.1 Rough Piping Inspection. 1303.3.2 Final Piping Inspection. Tables Figures
245	1303.3.3 Test Gauges. 1303.3.3.1 Pressure Tests (10 psi or less). 1303.3.3.2 Pressure Tests (greater than 10 psi to 100 psi). 1303.3.3.3 Pressure Tests (exceeding 100 psi). 1303.3.3.4 Pressure Range. 1303.4 Inspection Waived. 1304.0 Certificate of Inspection. 1304.1 Issuance. 1304.2 Gas Supplier. 1304.3 Unlawful. 1305.0 Authority to Render Gas Service. 1305.1 Authorized Personnel. 1305.2 Outlets. 1306.0 Authority to Disconnect. 1306.1 Disconnection. 1306.2 Notice. 1306.3 Capped Outlets. 1307.0 Temporary Use of Gas. 1307.1 General. 1308.0 Gas Piping System Design, Materials, and Components. 1308.1 Installation of Piping System. 1308.1.1 Addition to Existing System. 1308.2 Interconnections Supplying Separate Users. 1308.2.1 Interconnections for Standby Fuels.
246	1308.3 Sizing of Gas Piping Systems. 1308.3.1 Maximum Gas Demand. 1308.3.2 Sizing Methods. 1308.3.3 Allowable Pressure Drop. 1308.4 Acceptable Piping Materials and Joining Methods. 1308.4.1 Used Materials. 1308.4.2 Metallic Pipe. 1308.4.2.1 Cast Iron. 1308.4.2.2 Steel, Stainless Steel, and Wrought-Iron. 1308.4.2.3 Copper and Copper Alloy Pipe. 1308.4.2.4 Aluminum Alloy Pipe. Table 1308.3.1 Approximate Gas Input for Typical Appliances
247	1308.4.3 Metallic Tubing. 1308.4.3.1 Steel Tubing. 1308.4.3.2 Stainless Steel Tubing. 1308.4.3.3 Copper and Copper Alloy Tubing. 1308.4.3.4 Aluminum Alloy Tubing. 1308.4.3.5 Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing. 1308.4.4 Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings. 1308.4.4.1 Regulator Vent Piping. 1308.4.4.2 Anodeless Risers. 1308.4.4.2.1 Factory-Assembled Anodeless Risers. 1308.4.4.2.2 Service Head Adapters and Field-Assembled Anodeless Risers. 1308.4.4.2.3 Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Piping. 1308.4.5 Workmanship and Defects. 1308.4.6 Metallic Pipe Threads. 1308.4.6.1 Damaged Threads. 1308.4.6.2 Number of Threads. 1308.4.6.3 Thread Joint Sealing. 1308.4.7 Metallic Piping Joints and Fittings. Table 1308.4.6.2 Specifications for Threading Metallic Pipe
248	1308.4.7.1 Pipe Joints. 1308.4.7.2 Copper Tubing Joints. 1308.4.7.3 Stainless Steel Tubing Joints. 1308.4.7.4 Flared Joints. 1308.4.7.5 Metallic Pipe Fittings. 1308.4.8 Plastic Piping Joints and Fittings. 1308.4.8.1 Joint Design. 1308.4.8.2 Heat Fusion Joint.
249	1308.4.8.3 Compression-Type Mechanical Joints. 1308.4.8.4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Piping Systems. 1308.4.9 Flange Specifications. 1308.4.9.1 Steel Flanges. 1308.4.9.2 Non-Ferrous Flanges. 1308.4.9.3 Ductile Iron Flanges. 1308.4.9.4 Dissimilar Flange Connections. 1308.4.9.5 Flange Facings. 1308.4.9.6 Lapped Flanges. 1308.4.10 Flange Gaskets. 1308.4.10.1 Flange Gasket Materials. 1308.4.10.2 Metallic Flange Gaskets. 1308.4.10.3 Non-Metallic Flange Gaskets. 1308.4.10.4 Full-Face Flange Gasket. 1308.4.10.5 Separated Flanges. 1308.5 Gas Meters. 1308.5.1 Location. 1308.5.1.1 Protection from Damage. 1308.5.1.2 Extreme Temperatures. 1308.5.2 Supports. 1308.5.3 Meter Protection. 1308.5.4 Identification. 1308.6 Gas Pressure Regulators.
250	1308.6.1 Listing. 1308.6.2 Location. 1308.6.3 Regulator Protection. 1308.6.4 Regulator Vents. 1308.6.5 Identification. 1308.7 Overpressure Protection. 1308.8 Pressure Limitation Requirements. 1308.8.1 Overpressure Protection Required. 1308.8.2 Overpressure Protection Devices. 1308.8.3 Detection of Failure. 1308.8.4 Flow Capacity. 1308.9 Overpressure Protection Devices. 1308.9.1 Separate Devices. 1308.9.2 Construction and Installation. 1308.9.3 External Control Piping. 1308.9.4 Setting. 1308.9.5 Unauthorized Operation.
251	1308.9.6 Discharge of Vents. 1308.9.7 Size of Fittings, Pipe, and Openings. 1308.10 Backpressure Protection. 1308.10.1 Protective Devices. 1308.11 Low-Pressure Protection. 1308.12 Shutoff Valves. 1308.13 Expansion and Flexibility. 1308.13.1 Special Local Conditions. 1308.14 Pressure Regulator and Pressure Control Venting. Table 1308.12 Manual Gas Valve Standards
252	1309.0 Excess Flow Valve. 1309.1 General. 1310.0 Gas Piping Installation. 1310.1 Piping Underground. 1310.1.1 Cover Requirements. 1310.1.2 Trenches. 1310.1.2.1 Backfilling. 1310.1.3 Protection Against Corrosion. 1310.1.3.1 Zinc Coating. 1310.1.3.2 Underground Piping. 1310.1.3.3 Cathodic Protection. 1310.1.3.4 Sacrificial Anodes. 1310.1.3.5 System Failing Tests.
253	1310.1.3.6 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection. 1310.1.3.7 Documentation. 1310.1.3.8 Dissimilar Metals. 1310.1.3.9 Steel Risers. 1310.1.4 Protection Against Freezing. 1310.1.5 Piping Through Foundation Wall. 1310.1.6 Piping Underground Beneath Buildings. 1310.1.6.1 Conduit with One End Terminating Outdoors. 1310.1.6.2 Conduit with Both Ends Terminating Indoors. 1310.1.7 Connections of Plastic Piping. 1310.1.7.1 Connections Between Metallic and Plastic Piping. 1310.1.7.2 Tracer Wire. 1310.2 CSST Piping Systems. 1310.3 Installation of Aboveground Piping.
254	1310.3.1 Protective Coating. 1310.3.2 Building Structure. 1310.3.3 Gas Piping to be Sloped. 1310.3.3.1 Ceiling Locations. 1310.3.4 Prohibited Locations. 1310.3.5 Hangers, Supports, and Anchors. 1310.3.5.1 Spacing. 1310.3.5.2 Expansion and Contraction. 1310.3.5.3 Piping on Roofs. 1310.3.6 Removal of Piping. 1310.4 Concealed Piping in Buildings. 1310.4.1 Connections. 1310.4.2 Piping in Partitions. 1310.4.3 Tubing in Partitions. Table 1310.3.5.1 Support of Piping
255	1310.4.4 Industrial Occupancies. 1310.4.5 Other Occupancies. 1310.5 Piping in Vertical Chases. 1310.5.1 Pressure Reduction. 1310.5.2 Chase Construction. 1310.5.3 Ventilation. 1310.6 Maximum Operating Pressure in Buildings. 1310.6.1 LP-Gas Systems Operating Below -5°F (-21°C). 1310.7 Appliance Overpressure Protection. 1310.8 Gas Pipe Turns. 1310.8.1 Metallic Pipe.
256	1310.8.2 Plastic Pipe. 1310.8.3 Elbows. 1310.9 Drips and Sediment Traps. 1310.9.1 Location of Drips. 1310.9.2 Sediment Traps. 1310.10 Outlets. 1310.10.1 Cap Outlets. 1310.10.1.1 Appliance Shutoff Valves. 1310.11 Manual Gas Shutoff Valves. 1310.11.1 Accessibility of Gas Valves. 1310.11.1.1 Shutoff Valves for Multiple House Lines. 1310.11.2 Emergency Shutoff Valves. 1310.11.3 Shutoff Valve for Laboratories.
257	1310.11.4 System Shutoff Valves. 1310.12 Prohibited Devices. 1310.13 Systems Containing Gas-Air Mixtures Outside the Flammable Range. 1310.14 Systems Containing Flammable Gas-Air Mixtures. 1310.14.1 Required Components. 1310.14.2 Optional Components. 1310.14.3 Additional Requirements. 1310.14.4 Special Requirements for Mixing Blowers. 1310.14.5 Installation of Gas-Mixing Machines. 1310.14.5.1 Location. 1310.14.5.2 Electrical Requirements. 1310.14.5.3 Air Intakes. 1310.14.5.4 Controls. 1310.14.5.5 Installation in Parallel. 1310.14.6 Use of Automatic Firechecks, Safety Blowouts, or Backfire Preventers.
258	1311.0 Electrical Bonding and Grounding. 1311.1 Pipe and Tubing Other than CSST. 1311.2 Bonding of CSST Gas Piping. 1311.2.1 Bonding Jumper Connection. 1311.2.2 Bonding Jumper Size. 1311.2.3 Bonding Jumper Length. 1311.2.4 Bonding Connections. 1311.2.5 Devices Used for Bonding. 1311.3 Arc-Resistant Jacketed CSST. 1311.4 Prohibited Use. 1311.5 Lightning Protection System. 1311.6 Electrical Circuits. 1311.7 Electrical Connections. 1311.7.1 Safety Control. 1312.0 Appliance and Equipment Connections to Building Piping. 1312.1 Connecting Appliances and Equipment.
259	1312.1.1 Protection of Connectors. 1312.1.2 Food Service Appliance Connectors. 1312.1.3 Restraining Device. 1312.2 Suspended Low-Intensity Infrared Tube Heaters. 1312.3 Use of Nonmetalic Gas Hose Connectors. 1312.3.1 Indoor. 1312.3.2 Outdoor. 1312.4 Injection (Bunsen) Burners. 1312.5 Connection of Portable and Mobile Industrial Appliances. 1312.5.1 Swivel Joints or Couplings. 1312.5.2 Metal Flexible Connectors. 1312.5.3 Flexible Connectors.
260	1312.6 Appliance Shutoff Valves and Connections. 1312.7 Quick-Disconnect Devices. 1312.8 Gas Convenience Outlets. 1312.9 Sediment Trap. 1312.10 Installation of Piping. 1312.11 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP-Gas) Facilities and Piping. 1313.0 Pressure Testing, Inspection, and Purging. 1313.1 Piping Installations. 1313.1.1 Inspection Requirements. 1313.1.2 Repairs and Additions. 1313.1.3 New Branches. 1313.1.4 Piping System. Figure 1312.9 Method of Installing A Tee Fitting Sediment Trap
261	1313.1.5 Regulators and Valves. 1313.1.6 Test Medium. 1313.2 Test Preparation. 1313.2.1 Pipe Joints. 1313.2.2 Expansion Joints. 1313.2.3 Appliances and Equipment. 1313.2.4 Designed for Operating Pressures Less than Test Pressure. 1313.2.5 Designed for Operating Pressures Equal to or Greater than Test Pressure. 1313.2.6 Safety. 1313.3 Test Pressure. 1313.4 Detection of Leaks and Defects. 1313.4.1 Detecting Leaks. 1313.4.2 Repair or Replace. 1313.5 Piping System Leak Test. 1313.5.1 Turning Gas On. 1313.5.2 Leak Check. 1313.5.3 Placing Appliances and Equipment in Operation. 1313.6 Purging Requirements. 1313.6.1 Piping Systems Required to be Purged Outdoors.
262	1313.6.1.1 Removal from Service. 1313.6.1.2 Placing in Operation. 1313.6.1.3 Outdoor Discharge of Purged Gases. 1313.6.1.4 Combustible Gas Indicator. 1313.6.2 Piping Systems Allowed to be Purged Indoors or Outdoors. 1313.6.2.1 Purging Procedure. 1313.6.2.2 Combustible Gas Detector. 1313.6.3 Purging Appliances and Equipment. 1314.0 Required Gas Supply. 1314.1 General. 1314.2 Volume. Table 1313.6.1 Size and Length of Piping
263	1314.3 Gas Appliances. 1314.4 Size of Piping Outlets. 1315.0 Required Gas Piping Size. 1315.1 Pipe Sizing Methods. 1315.1.1 Longest Length Method. 1315.1.2 Branch Length Method. 1315.1.3 Hybrid Pressure. 1315.2 Sizing of Gas Piping Systems. 1315.2.1 Natural Gas Piping Systems. 1315.2.2 Propane Piping Systems. 1315.3 Sizing Equations.
264	1315.4 Sizing of Piping Sections. 1315.5 Engineering Methods. 1315.6 Variable Gas Pressures. Table 1315.3 Cr and Y for Natural Gas and Undiluted Propane at Standard Conditions
265	Figure 1315.1.1 Example Illustrating Use of Table 1308.3.1 and Table 1315.2(1)
266	Table 1315.2(1) Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe
267	Table 1315.2(2) Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe
268	Table 1315.2(3) Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe
269	Table 1315.2(4) Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe
270	Table 1315.2(5) Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe
271	Table 1315.2(6) Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe
272	Table 1315.2(7) Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing
273	Table 1315.2(8) Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing
274	Table 1315.2(9) Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing
275	Table 1315.2(10) Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing
276	Table 1315.2(11) Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing
277	Table 1315.2(12) Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing
278	Table 1315.2(13) Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing
279	Table 1315.2(14) Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST)
280	Table 1315.2(15) Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST)
281	Table 1315.2(16) Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST)
282	Table 1315.2(17) Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST)
283	Table 1315.2(18) Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST)
284	Table 1315.2(19) Polyethylene Plastic Pipe
285	Table 1315.2(20) Polyethylene Plastic Pipe
286	Table 1315.2(21) Polyethylene Plastic Pipe
287	Table 1315.2(22) Polyethylene Plastic Tubing Table 1315.2(23) Polyethylene Plastic Tubing
288	Table 1315.2(24) Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe
289	Table 1315.2(25) Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe
290	Table 1315.2(26) Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe
291	Table 1315.2(27) Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe
292	Table 1315.2(28) Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing
293	Table 1315.2(29) Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing
294	Table 1315.2(30) Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing
295	Table 1315.2(31) Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST)
296	Table 1315.2(32) Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST)
297	Table 1315.2(33) Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST)
298	Table 1315.2(34) Polyethylene Plastic Pipe
299	Table 1315.2(35) Polyethylene Plastic Pipe
300	Table 1315.2(36) Polyethylene Plastic Tubing
302	Chapter 14 Process Piping 1401.0 General. 1401.1 Applicability. 1402.0 Permit. 1402.1 General. 1403.0 Plans Required. 1403.1 General. 1404.0 Workmanship. 1404.1 General. 1405.0 Inspections. 1405.1 General. 1405.2 Required Inspections. 1405.2.1 Rough Piping Inspection. 1405.2.2 Final Piping Inspection. 1405.3 Other Inspections. 1406.0 Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings. 1406.1 General. 1406.2 Hazardous Process Piping (HPP). 1406.2.1 Installation in Exit Corridors and Above Other Occupancies.
303	1406.2.1.1 Automatic Sprinklers. 1406.2.1.2 Ventilation. 1406.2.1.3 Receptor. 1406.2.1.4 Separation. 1406.2.1.5 Emergency Shutoff Valves. 1406.2.1.6 Electrical Wiring. 1406.3 Special Requirements for HPP Gases. 1406.3.1 Special Provisions. 1406.3.2 Piping and Tubing Installation. 1406.3.3 Gas-Detection System.
304	Chapter 15 Solar Energy Systems 1501.0 General. 1501.1 Applicability.
306	Chapter 16 Stationary Power Plants 1601.0 Stationary Fuel Cell Power Plants. 1601.1 General. 1602.0 Stationary Gas Engines and Generators. 1602.1 General. 1602.2 Connection to the Gas Supply Piping. 1602.3 Stationary Engine Generators.
308	Chapter 17 Geothermal Energy Systems and Ambient Temperature Loops Part I – General. 1701.0 General. 1701.1 Applicability. 1701.1.1 Prior to Construction. 1701.1.2 Equipment, Accessories, Components, and Materials. 1701.1.3 Indoor Piping. 1701.2 Construction Documents. 1701.3 Site Survey. 1701.4 Used Materials. 1701.5 Contact with Building Material. 1701.6 Strains and Stresses. 1701.7 Flood Hazard. 1701.8 Pipe Support. 1701.9 Velocities. 1701.10 Chemical Compatibility. 1701.11 Heat Transfer Fluid. 1701.11.1 Water Quality. 1701.11.2 Compatibility. 1702.0 Groundwater Systems. 1702.1 General. Tables
309	1703.0 Design of Systems. 1703.1 Ground-Heat Exchanger Design. 1703.2 Piping and Tubing Materials Standards. 1703.3 Fittings. 1703.4 Underground Piping and Submerged Materials. 1703.4.1 Polyethylene (PE). 1703.4.1.1 Joining Methods for Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing. Table 1701.11.1 Water Quality Table 1703.2 Plastic Ground Source Loop Piping Table 1703.3 Ground Source Loop Pipe Fittings
310	1703.4.2 Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT). 1703.4.2.1 Joining Methods for Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT). 1703.4.3 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX). 1703.4.3.1 Joining Methods for Cross-Linked Polyethylene Tubing. 1703.5 Indoor Piping. 1704.0 Heat Pumps. 1704.1 Heat Pump Distribution System. 1704.2 Circulating Pumps. 1705.0 Valves. 1705.1 Where Required. 1705.2 Heat Exchangers. 1705.3 Central Systems. 1705.4 Pressure Vessels. 1705.5 Pressure-Reducing Valves. 1705.6 Equipment and Appliances. 1705.7 Expansion Tanks.
311	1705.8 Reduced Pressure. 1706.0 Specific System Components Design. 1706.1 General. 1706.2 Heat Exchangers. 1706.3 Heat-Transfer Medium. 1706.4 Insulation. 1707.0 Installation Practices. 1707.1 Prior to Construction. 1707.2 Equipment, Accessories, Components, and Materials. 1707.3 Construction Documents. 1707.4 Site Survey Requirements. 1707.5 Subsurface Investigation. 1707.6 Subsurface Conditions. 1707.7 Ground-Heat Exchanger Installation Practices. Table 1706.1 Heat Pumps
312	1707.8 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill. 1707.9 Trenches, Tunneling, and Driving. 1707.10 Excavations and Open Trenches. 1707.11 Protection of Piping, Materials, and Structures. 1707.12 Sleeves. 1707.13 Steel Nail Plates. 1707.14 Exterior Piping Protection. 1707.15 Heat Pump and Distribution System Installation. 1707.16 Pressurizing During Installation. 1707.17 Horizontal Geothermal Piping – Materials and Methods. 1707.17.1 Piping Material. 1707.17.2 Dissimilar Materials. 1707.17.3 Protection of Piping. 1707.18 Trenches, Excavation, and Backfill. 1707.18.1 Trenches. 1707.18.2 Buried Systems. 1707.18.3 Pipe Installation. 1707.18.4 Separation.
313	1707.18.5 Insulation. 1707.18.6 Pipe Bends. 1707.18.7 Closed Cell Insulation. 1707.18.8 Tracer Markings. 1708.0 System Start-Up. 1708.1 General. 1708.2 Operation and Maintenance Manual. 1708.3 Labeling and Marking. 1708.4 Documentation. 1708.5 Maintenance. 1708.6 Records. 1708.7 System Start-Up. 1708.8 Contaminants. 1709.0 Decommissioning and Abandonment. 1709.1 General. Part II – Closed-Loop Systems. 1710.0 General. 1710.1 Applicability. 1710.2 Piping and Tubing. 1710.3 Borehole Piping and Tubing. 1710.4 Underground Fittings.
314	1710.5 Verification. 1710.6 Vertical Bores. 1710.6.1 Backfill. 1710.6.2 U-Bends and Headers. 1710.6.2.1 Test Pressure. 1710.6.2.2 Testing Procedure. 1710.6.2.3 Calculation of Static Pressure (Water). 1710.6.2.4 Calculation of Static Pressure (Other Fluids). 1711.0 Ground-Heat Exchanger Testing. 1711.1 Testing. 1711.2 Individual Loop Pressure Testing. 1711.3 Field Pressure Testing – Final. 1711.4 Field Flow Testing – Final. Part III – Open-Loop Systems. 1712.0 General. 1712.1 Applicability. 1712.2 Test Wells.
315	1712.3 Installation of Water Wells. 1712.4 Setbacks. 1713.0 Open Ground Water Systems. 1713.1 General. 1713.2 Open-Loop Water Well Drilling Logs. 1713.3 Design Considerations. 1713.4 Water Wells and Injection Wells. 1713.5 Testing and Sampling. 1713.6 Disinfection. 1714.0 Testing and Verification. 1714.1 Pumping Test. 1714.2 Retesting.
316	1714.3 Variable Rate Pump Test. 1714.4 Constant Rate Pump Test. 1714.5 Water Level Monitoring. 1714.6 Injection Wells. 1714.7 Re-Injected Water. Part IV – Direct Exchange (DX) Systems. 1715.0 Direct Exchange (DX) Systems. 1715.1 General. 1715.2 Applicability. 1715.3 DX Systems. 1715.4 DX System Testing. 1715.5 Indoor Piping. 1715.6 On Site Storage. 1715.7 System Start-Up. 1715.8 DX Piping. Part V – Geothermal Ambient Temperature Loops (ATL). 1716.0 Ambient Temperature Loop (ATL) Distributed Energy Systems. 1716.1 General. 1716.1.1 Fourth Generation (4G) System Configuration. 1716.1.2 Fifth Generation (5G) System Configurations.
317	1716.2 Permitting. 1716.3 Ambient Loop Temperature Range. 1716.3.1 ATL Operating Temperature. 1716.3.2 ATL Operating Temperature Range for Mixed Equipment Certifications. 1716.4 Shutoff Valve. 1716.4.1 Shutoff Valve Operation. 1716.5 Bypass. 1716.6 Metering. 1716.6.1 Sub-Metering System Specification. 1716.6.2 BTU/Thermal Meters. 1716.6.3 Flow Meter. 1717.0 ATL Distributed Energy Systems Design Requirements. 1717.1 Thermal Resources. 1717.1.1 System Performance.
318	1717.1.2 Emergency Response. 1717.2 District Load Profiles. 1717.2.1 System Asset Identification. 1717.2.2 Driver Building. 1717.2.3 Diversity Factor.
320	Chapter 18 Referenced Standards 1801.0 General. 1801.1 Standards. Tables Table 1801.1 Referenced Standards
337	1801.2 Standards, Publications, Practices, and Guides. Table 1801.2 Standards, Publications, Practices, and Guides
343	Abbreviations in Tables 1801.1 and Table 1801.2.
344	Appendices Table of Contents
346	Appendix A – Residential Plans Examiner Review Form for HVAC System Design
348	Appendix B – Procedures to be Followed to Place Gas Equipment in Operation B 101.0 Adjusting the Burner Input. B 101.1 Adjusting Input. B 101.2 High Altitude. B 102.0 Primary Air Adjustment. B 102.1 General. B 103.0 Safety Shutoff Devices. B 103.1 General. B 104.0 Automatic Ignition. B 104.1 General. B 105.0 Protective Devices. B 105.1 General. B 106.0 Checking the Draft. B 106.1 General. B 107.0 Operating Instructions. B 107.1 General.
350	Appendix C – Installation and Testing of Oil (Liquid) Fuel-Fired Equipment C 101.0 General. C 101.1 Applicability. C 102.0 Definitions. C 102.1 General.
351	C 103.0 Standards and Accepted Practices. C 103.1 General. C 104.0 Approval of Equipment. C 104.1 General. C 105.0 Placing Equipment in Operation. C 105.1 General. C 106.0 Pilot Operation. C 106.1 General. C 107.0 Burner Operation. C 107.1 General. C 108.0 Method of Test. C 108.1 General Test Methods.
353	C 109.0 Special Requirements Based on Btu/h Input. C 109.1 General.
356	Appendix D – Fuel Supply: Manufactured/Mobile Home Parks and Recreational Vehicle Parks D 101.0 Fuel Gas Piping Systems. D 101.1 General. D 101.2 Gas Supply Connections. D 101.3 Location of Gas Supply Connection. D 101.4 Recreational Vehicle Park Fuel-Gas Equipmentand Installations. D 102.0 Single and Multiple Manufactured Home Site Fuel Supply Systems. D 102.1 Underground Installation. D 102.1.1 Open-Ended Gastight Conduit. D 102.1.2 Requirements. D 103.0 Manufactured Home Site Gas Shutoff Valve. D 103.1 General. D 103.2 Shutoff Valve Location. D 104.0 Gas Meters. D 104.1 Support of Meters. D 104.2 Location of Meters. D 104.3 Meter Shutoff Valve or Cock. D 105.0 Cathodic Protection Requirements. D 105.1 General. Table
357	D 106.0 Manufactured Home Community LP-Gas Supply Systems. D 106.1 General. D 107.0 Required Gas Supply. D 107.1 General. D 108.0 Gas Pipe Sizing and Pressure. D 108.1 Size. D 108.2 Pressure. D 109.0 Gas Piping Materials. D 109.1 Metal. D 109.2 Protection Coatings for Metal Gas Piping. D 109.3 Plastic. D 110.0 Gas Piping Installations. D 110.1 Minimum Burial Below Ground Level and Clearances. D 110.2 Metallic Gas Piping. Table D 107.1 Demand Factors for Use in Calculating Gas Piping Systems in Manufactured Home Communities
358	D 110.2.1 Cathodic Protection. D 110.2.2 Underground Metallic Systems. D 110.3 Plastic Gas Piping. D 110.4 Gas Piping System Shutoff Valve. D 111.0 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Appliances. D 111.1 General. D 112.0 Oil Supply. D 112.1 General. D 112.2 Minimum Oil Supply Tank Size. D 112.3 Oil Supply Connections.
359	D 113.0 Fuel Supply Systems Installation. D 113.1 Flexible Gas Connector. D 113.2 Use of Approved Pipe and Fittings of Extension. D 113.3 Mechanical Protection. D 113.4 Special Rules on Atmospherically Controlled Regulators. D 113.5 Fuel Gas Piping Test. D 113.5.1 Procedures. D 113.5.2 Warning. D 113.5.3 Vents. D 113.6 Oil Tanks. D 113.6.1 Installation. D 113.6.2 Capacity. D 113.6.3 Location. D 113.6.4 Vent. D 113.6.5 Liquid Level. D 113.6.6 Fill Opening. D 114.0 Manufactured Home Accessory Building Fuel Supply Systems. D 114.1 General.
360	D 115.0 Community Building Fuel Supply Systems in Manufactured Home Communities. D 115.1 Fuel Gas Piping and Equipment Installations. D 115.2 Oil Supply Systems in Manufactured HomeCommunities. D 115.3 Oil-Burning Equipment and Installation. D 115.4 Inspection and Tests.
362	Appendix E – Sustainable Practices E 101.0 General. E 101.1 Applicability. E 201.0 Definitions. E 201.1 General. Tables
363	E 301.0 General Regulations. E 301.1 Installation. E 301.2 Qualifications. E 302.0 Disposal of Liquid Waste. E 302.1 Disposal. E 302.2 Connections to Plumbing System Required. E 303.0 Abandonment. E 303.1 General. E 401.0 Water Conservation and Efficiency. E 401.1 General. E 402.0 Meters. E 402.1 Required. E 402.2 Consumption Data. E 402.3 Access. E 403.0 HVAC Water Use. E 403.1 Once-Through Cooling. E 403.2 Cooling Towers and Evaporative Coolers. E 403.3 Cooling Tower Makeup Water. E 403.4 Evaporative Cooler Water Use.
364	E 403.4.1 Overflow Alarm. E 403.4.2 Automatic Pump Shutoff. E 403.4.3 Cooler Reservoir Discharge. E 403.4.4 Discharge Water Reuse. E 403.4.5 Discharge Water to Drain. E 403.5 Use of Reclaimed (Recycled) and Onsite Treated Nonpotable Water for Cooling. E 403.5.1 Drift Eliminator. E 403.5.2 Disinfection. E 501.0 Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Systems and Equipment – Energy Efficiency. E 501.1 Scope. E 502.0 Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Low-Rise Residential Buildings. E 502.1 General. E 502.2 Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systems and Equipment. E 502.2.1 Nonresidential Type Systems and Equipment. E 502.3 Balancing. E 502.3.1 Balancing Dampers. E 502.4 Ducts. E 502.4.1 Insulation for Ducts. E 502.4.2 Ducts and Register Penetrations.
365	E 502.4.3 Duct Leakage Test. E 502.4.3.1 Duct Leakage Verification Test. E 502.4.4 Duct Sizing. E 502.5 Insulation for Piping. E 502.6 Ventilation and Combustion Air. Table E 502.5 Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness Table E 502.6 Ventilation Air
366	E 502.6.1 Combustion Air. E 502.7 Electric Heating Systems. E 502.7.1 Wall, Floor, or Ceiling Electric-Resistance Heating. E 502.7.2 Electric Central Warm Air Heating. E 502.8 Bath Ceiling Units. E 502.9 HVAC Equipment, Rated Combinations. E 502.10 Controls. E 502.10.1 Initial Control Setting. E 502.10.2 Ventilation Control. Table E 502.9 Minimum Requirements for Non-Federally Covered HVAC Equipment
367	E 502.10.3 Humidity Control. E 502.10.3.1 Cooling. E 502.10.4 Freeze Protection Systems and Snow/Ice Melting. E 502.10.5 Other Controls. E 502.11 Whole House Fans. E 502.12 Dampers. E 503.0 Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning – Other than Low-Rise Residential Buildings. E 503.1 General. E 503.1.1 New Buildings. E 503.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings. E 503.1.3 Alterations to Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration in Existing Buildings. E 503.1.3.1 New Cooling Systems.
368	E 503.1.3.2 Existing Cooling Systems. E 503.1.3.3 Ductwork. E 503.1.3.4 Piping. E 503.2 Compliance Paths. E 503.2.1 Requirements for All CompliancePaths. E 503.2.2 Additional Requirements. E 503.3 Simplified Approach Building Compliance Path for HVAC Systems. E 503.3.1 Criteria.
369	E 503.3.2 Climate Zone Determination. E 503.4 Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Labeling Requirements.
370	E 503.4.1 Water-Cooled Centrifugal Chilling Packages.
371	E 503.4.1.1 Positive Displacement (air- and water-cooled) Chilling Packages. E 503.4.2 Equipment not Listed. E 503.4.3 Verification of Equipment Efficiencies. E 503.4.4 Mechanical Equipment Labeling. E 503.4.4.1 Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners. E 503.4.5 Load Calculations. E 503.4.5.1 Pump Head. E 503.4.6 Zone Thermostatic Controls. E 503.4.6.1 Dead Band. E 503.4.6.2 Setpoint Overlap Restriction.
372	E 503.4.6.3 Off-Hour Controls. E 503.4.6.3.1 Automatic Shutdown. E 503.4.6.3.2 Setback Controls. E 503.4.6.3.3 Optimum Start Controls. E 503.4.6.3.4 Zone Isolation.
373	E 503.4.6.3.5 Automatic Control of HVAC in Hotel/Motel Guest Rooms. E 503.4.6.3.5.1 Guest Room HVAC Set-Point Control. E 503.4.6.4 Stair and Elevator Shaft Vent Dampers. E 503.4.6.4.1 Shutoff Damper Controls. E 503.4.6.4.2 Dampers Leakage. E 503.4.6.4.3 Ventilation Fan Controls. E 503.4.6.5 Parking Garage Ventilation Systems.
374	E 503.4.6.6 Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat Control. E 503.4.6.7 Humidification and Dehumidification Control. E 503.4.6.7.1 Dehumidification. E 503.4.6.7.2 Humidification. Table E 503.4.6.4.2 Maximum Damper Leakage (cubic foot per minute per square foot) at 1.0 inch water gauge
375	E 503.4.6.7.3 Control Interlock. E 503.4.6.8 Freeze Protection and Snow or Ice Melting Systems. E 503.4.6.9 Ventilation Controls for High-Occupancy Areas. E 503.4.6.10 Outdoor Heating. E 503.4.6.11 Heated or Cooled Vestibules or Air Curtains with Integral Heating. E 503.4.6.11.1 Air Curtains. E 503.4.6.12 Direct Digital Control (DDC) Requirements. E 503.4.6.12.1 DDC Applications. E 503.4.6.12.2 DDC Controls.
376	E 503.4.6.12.3 DDC Display. E 503.4.6.13 Economizer Fault Detection andDiagnostics (FDD). Table E 503.4.6.12.1 DDC Applications and Qualifications
377	E 503.4.7 HVAC System Construction and Insulation. E 503.4.7.1 Insulation. E 503.4.7.1.1 Duct and Plenum Insulation. E 503.4.7.1.2 Piping Insulation. E 503.4.7.1.3 Sensible Heating Panel Insulation. E 503.4.7.1.4 Radiant Floor Heating. E 503.4.7.2 Ductwork and Plenum Leakage.
378	E 503.4.7.2.1 Duct Leakage Tests. E 503.4.8 Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers. E 503.4.9 Liquid-to-Liquid Heat Exchangers. E 503.5 Prescriptive Compliance Path, Economizers.
379	Table E 503.5(1) Minimum Fan-Cooling Unit Size Where an Economizer Is Required Table E 503.5(2) Eliminate Required Economizer for Comfort Cooling By Increasing Cooling Efficiency
380	E 503.5.1 Air Economizers, Design Capacity. E 503.5.1.1 Control Signal. E 503.5.1.2 High-Limit Shutoff. E 503.5.1.3 Dampers. E 503.5.1.4 Relief of Excess Outdoor Air. E 503.5.1.5 Sensor Accuracy. Table E 503.5.1.2 High-Limit Shutoff Control Settings for Air Economizers
381	E 503.5.2 Fluid Economizers, Design Capacity. E 503.5.2.1 Maximum Hydronic PressureDrop. E 503.5.3 Integrated Economizer Control. Table E 503.5.2 Fluid Economizer Sizing Dry-Bulb and Wet-Bulb Requirements for Computer Rooms
382	E 503.5.4 Economizer Heating System Impact. E 503.5.4.1 Economizer Humidification System Impact. E 503.5.5 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Limitation, Zone Controls. Table E 503.5.3 DX Cooling Stage Requirements for Modulating Airflow Units
383	E 503.5.5.1 Supply Air Temperature Reheat Limit. E 503.5.5.2 Hydronic System Controls. E 503.5.5.2.1 Three-Pipe System. E 503.5.5.2.2 Two-Pipe Changeover System. E 503.5.5.2.3 Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pump Systems. E 503.5.5.3 Dehumidification.
384	E 503.5.5.4 Humidifier Preheat. E 503.5.5.4.1 Insulation. E 503.5.5.5 Preheat Coils. E 503.5.5.6 Ventilation Air Heating Control. E 503.5.6 Air System Design and Control. E 503.5.6.1 Fan System Power and Efficiency. Table E 503.5.6.1(1) Fan Power Limitation
385	E 503.5.6.1.1 Fan Motor Selection. E 503.5.6.1.2 Fan Efficiency. Table E 503.5.6.1(2) Fan Power Limitation Pressure Drop Adjustment
386	E 503.5.6.2 Supply Fan Airflow Control. E 503.5.6.2.1 VAV Static Pressure Sensor Location. E 503.5.6.2.2 VAV Setpoint Reset. E 503.5.6.2.3 Return and Relief Fan Control. Table E 503.5.6.2 Fan Airflow Control
387	E 503.5.6.3 Multiple-Zone VAV System Ventilation Optimization Control. E 503.5.6.4 Supply Air Temperature Reset Controls. E 503.5.6.5 Fractional Horsepower FanMotors. E 503.5.6.6 Low Power Fans. E 503.5.6.7 Ventilation Design. E 503.5.6.8 Occupied-Standby Controls.
388	E 503.5.7 Hydronic System Design and Control. E 503.5.7.1 Boiler Turndown. Table E 503.5.6.5(1) Minimum Average Full-Load Efficiency for Polyphase Small Electric Motors Table E 503.5.6.5(2) Minimum Average Full-Load Efficiency for Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run and Capacitor-Start Induction-Run Small Electric Motors
389	E 503.5.7.2 Hydronic Variable Flow Systems. E 503.5.7.3 Chiller and Boiler Isolation. E 503.5.7.3.1 Boiler Isolation. E 503.5.7.4 Chilled- and Hot-Water Temperature Reset Controls. Table E 503.5.7 Boiler Turndown Table E 503.5.7.2 Pump Flow Control Requirements
390	E 503.5.7.5 Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pump and Water-Cooled Unitary Air Conditioners. E 503.5.7.5.1 Controls. E 503.5.7.6 Pipe Sizing. E 503.5.7.7 Chilled-Water Coil Selection. E 503.5.8 Heat Rejection Equipment. Table E 503.5.7.6 Piping System Design Maximum Flow Rate (gallons per minute)
391	E 503.5.8.1 Fan Speed Control. E 503.5.8.2 Variable-Speed Fan Drives. E 503.5.9 Limitation on Centrifugal Fan Open-Circuit Cooling Towers. E 503.5.9.1 Tower Flow Turndown. E 503.5.10 Energy Recovery. E 503.5.10.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery. E 503.5.10.1.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery for Nontransient Dwelling Units. Table E 503.5.10.1.2(1) Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Requirements for Ventilation Systems Operating Less Than 8000 Hours Per Year
392	E 503.5.10.1.2 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery for Spaces Other than Nontransient Dwelling Units. E 503.5.10.1.2(A) Minimum Enthalpy Recovery Ratio. Table E 503.5.10.1.2(2) Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Requirements for Ventilation Systems Operating Greater Than or Equal To 8000 Hours Per Year
393	E 503.5.10.1.2(B) Provision for Air Economizer or Bypass Operation. E 503.5.10.2 Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating. E 503.5.10.2.1 Condenser Heat Recovery Systems. E 503.5.10.2.2 Capacity. E 503.5.10.3 Heat Recovery for Space Conditioning. E 503.5.10.4 Indoor Pool Dehumidifier Energy Recovery. E 503.5.11 Exhaust Systems. E 503.5.11.1 Transfer Air.
394	E 503.5.11.2 Kitchen Exhaust Systems. E 503.5.11.2.1 Exhaust Flow Rate. E 503.5.11.2.2 Kitchen or Dining Facility. E 503.5.11.2.3 Performance Testing. Table E 503.5.11.2.1 Maximum Net Exhaust Flow Rate, CFM Per Linear Foot of Hood Length
395	E 503.5.11.3 Laboratory Exhaust Systems. E 503.5.12 Radiant Heating Systems. E 503.5.12.1 Heating Unenclosed Spaces. E 503.5.12.2 Heating Enclosed Spaces. E 503.5.13 Hot Gas Bypass Limitation. E 503.5.14 Door Switches. E 503.6 Submittals. E 503.6.1 Construction Details. Table E 503.5.13 Hot Gas Bypass Limitation
396	E 503.6.2 Supplemental Information. E 503.6.3 Manuals. E 503.6.3.1 Required Information. E 503.6.3.2 Lighting Manuals. E 503.6.4 Labeling of Material and Equipment. E 503.6.5 Completion Requirements. E 503.6.5.1 Drawings. E 503.6.5.2 Manuals. E 503.6.5.3 System Balancing.
397	E 503.6.5.3.1 Air System Balancing. E 503.6.5.3.2 Hydronic System Balancing. E 503.6.5.4 Minimum Level of Commission. E 503.7 Minimum Equipment Efficiency Tables. E 503.7.1 Minimum Efficiency Requirement Listed Equipment – Standard Rating and Operating Conditions. E 503.7.2 Duct Insulation Tables. E 503.7.3 Pipe Insulation Tables. E 503.8 Alternative Compliance Path, Computer Room Systems. E 504.0 Solar Energy Systems. E 504.1 General. E 601.0 Indoor Environment. E 601.1 Scope. E 602.0 Fireplaces. E 602.1 Requirements. E 602.1.1 Masonry or Factory-Built Fireplace. E 602.1.1.1 Opening Cover. E 602.1.1.2 Combustion Air Intake. E 602.1.1.3 Accessible Damper Control. E 602.1.2 Prohibited. E 603.0 Pollutant Control. E 603.1 Indoor Air Quality During Construction. E 603.1.1 Temporary Ventilation During Construction.
398	Table E 503.7.1(1) Electrically Operated Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
400	Table E 503.7.1(2) Electrically Operated Air-Cooled Unitary Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
403	Table E 503.7.1(3) Water-Chilling Packages─Minimum Efficiency Requirements
404	Table E 503.7.1(4) Electrically Operated Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Single-Package Vertical Air Conditioners, Single-Package Vertical Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps─Minimum Efficiency Requirements
406	Table E 503.7.1(5) Warm-Air Furnaces and Combination Warm-Air Furnaces/Air-Conditioning Units, Warm-Air Duct Furnaces, and Unit Heaters─Minimum Efficiency Requirements
407	Table E 503.7.1(6) Gas- and Oil-Fired Boilers─Minimum Efficiency Requirements
408	Table E 503.7.1(7) Performance Requirements for Heat Rejection Equipment—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
409	Table E 503.7.1(8) Electrically Operated Variable-Refrigerant-Flow Air Conditioners─Minimum Efficiency Requirements
410	Table E 503.7.1(9) Electrically Operated Variable-Refrigerant-Flow and Applied Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
412	Table E 503.7.1(10) Floor-Mounted Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Serving Computer Rooms—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
415	Table E 503.7.1(11) Commercial Refrigerators, Commercial Freezers, and Refrigeration—Minimum Efficiency Requirement
417	Table E 503.7.1(12) Vapor Compression Based Indoor Pool Dehumidifiers—Minimum Efficiency Requirements Table E 503.7.1(13) Electrically Operated DX-DOAS Units, Single-Package and Remote Condenser, Without Energy Recovery—Minimum Efficiency Requirements Table E 503.7.1(14) Electrically Operated DX-DOAS Units, Single-Package and Remote Condenser, With Energy Recovery—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
418	Table E 503.7.1(15) Electrically Operated Water-Source Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
419	Table E 503.7.1(16) Heat-Pump and Heat Recovery Chiller Packages—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
420	Table E 503.7.1(17) Ceiling-Mounted Computer-Room Air Conditioners—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
422	Table E 503.7.1(18) Walk-In Cooler and Freezer Display Door Efficiency Requirements Table E 503.7.1(19) Walk-In Cooler and Freezer Nondisplay Door Efficiency Requirements Table E 503.7.1(20) Walk-In Cooler and Freezer Refrigeration System Efficiency Requirements
423	Table E 503.7.2 Minimum Duct Insulation R-Value Table E 503.7.3(1) Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness For Heating and Hot Water Systems (Steam, Steam Condensate, Hot Water Heating, and Domestic Water Systems)
424	E 603.1.2 Indoor Air Quality After Construction. E 603.1.3 Covering of Duct Openings and Protection of Mechanical Equipment During Construction. E 603.2 Isolation of Pollutant Sources. E 603.3 Filters. E 603.4 Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Reductions. E 604.0 Indoor Moisture Control. E 604.1 Rainwater Control. E 605.0 Indoor Air Quality for Low-Rise Residential. E 605.1 General. Table E 503.7.3(2) Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness for Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine, and Refrigerant)
425	E 605.1.1 Natural Ventilation. E 605.1.1.1 Access to Operable Openings. E 605.1.2 Mechanical Ventilation. E 605.1.3 Dwelling Unit Ventilation. E 605.1.3.1 Total Ventilation Rate. E 605.1.3.2 Effective Annual Average Infiltration Rate (Qinf) Using a Single-Point Envelope Leakage Test. E 605.1.3.3 Required Mechanical Ventilation Rate (Qfan).
426	E 605.1.3.4 Effective Annual Average Infiltration Rate (Qinf) Using a Multipoint Envelope Leakage Test. E 605.1.3.4(A) ASTM Procedure. E 605.1.3.4(B) CGSB Procedure. E 605.1.3.4(C) Normalized Leakage. Table E 605.1.3.1 Ventilation Air Requirements, (cubic foot per minute)
427	E 605.1.3.4(D) Effective Annual Average Infiltration Rate. E 605.1.3.5 Different Occupant Density. E 605.1.4 System Type. E 605.1.5 Airflow Measurement. E 605.1.6 Control and Operation. E 605.1.6.1 Operation. E 605.1.7 Variable Mechanical Ventilation. E 605.1.7.1 Short-Term Average Ventilation. E 605.1.7.2 Scheduled Ventilation. E 605.1.7.2.1 Annual Average Schedule. E 605.1.7.2.2 Block Scheduling. E 605.1.7.3 Real-Time Control.
428	E 605.1.8 Equivalent Ventilation. E 605.2 Bathroom Exhaust Fans. E 605.3 Filters. E 606.0 Indoor Air Quality for Other than Low-Rise Residential Buildings. E 606.1 Minimum Indoor Air Quality. E 607.0 Environmental Comfort. E 607.1 Thermal Comfort Controls. E 607.2 Heating and Air-Conditioning System Design. E 608.0 Low VOC Solvent Cement and Primer. E 608.1 General. E 608.1.1 Solvent Cement. E 608.1.2 Primer. E 701.0 Installer Qualifications. E 701.1 Scope. E 702.0 Qualifications. E 702.1 General. Part I E 801.0 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems Commissioning. E 801.1 Applicability. E 802.0 Commissioning. E 802.1 Commissioning Requirements.
429	E 802.2 Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR). E 802.3 Basis of Design (BOD). E 802.4 Commissioning Plan. E 802.5 Functional Performance Testing. E 802.6 Post Construction Documentation and Training. E 802.6.1 Systems Manual. E 802.6.2 Systems Operations Training. E 802.7 Commissioning Report. Part II E 803.0 Commissioning Acceptance. E 803.1 General. E 803.2 Construction Documents.
430	E 803.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities. E 803.2.1.1 Field Technician. E 803.2.1.2 Responsible Person. E 803.2.1.3 Certificate of Acceptance. E 804.0 Commissioning Tests. E 804.1 General. E 804.2 Tests. E 804.3 Acceptance Process. E 804.3.1 Plan Review. E 804.3.2 Construction Inspection.
431	E 804.3.3 Acceptance Testing. E 804.3.4 Certificate of Occupancy. E 805.0 HVAC System Tests. E 805.1 Variable Air Volume Systems (Form MECH-2A). E 805.1.1 Test Procedure. E 805.1.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.1.1.2 Functional Testing. E 805.1.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.2 Constant Volume Systems (Form MECH-2A). E 805.2.1 Test Procedure. E 805.2.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.2.1.2 Functional Testing. E 805.2.2 Acceptance Criteria.
432	E 805.3 Constant Volume, Single-Zone, Unitary Air Conditioner and Heat Pumps Systems Acceptance (Form MECH-3A). E 805.3.1 Test Procedure. E 805.3.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.3.1.2 Functional Testing. E 805.3.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.4 Air Distribution Systems (Form MECH-4A).
433	E 805.4.1 Test Procedure. E 805.4.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.4.1.2 Functional Testing. E 805.4.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.5 Air Economizer Controls Acceptance (Form MECH-5A). E 805.5.1 Test Procedure. E 805.5.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.5.1.2 Functional Testing. E 805.5.2 Acceptance Criteria.
434	E 805.6 Demand-Controlled Ventilation Systems Acceptance (Form MECH-6A). E 805.6.1 Test Procedure. E 805.6.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.6.1.2 Functional Testing. E 805.6.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.7 Supply Fan Variable Flow Controls (Form MECH-7A).
435	E 805.7.1 Test Procedure. E 805.7.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.7.1.2 Functional Testing. E 805.7.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.8 Valve Leakage (Form MECH-8A). E 805.8.1 Test Procedure. E 805.8.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.8.1.2 Functional Testing.
436	E 805.8.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.9 Supply Water Temperature Reset Controls (Form MECH-9A). E 805.9.1 Test Procedure. E 805.9.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.9.1.2 Functional Testing. E 805.9.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.10 Hydronic System Variable Flow Controls (Form MECH-10A). E 805.10.1 Test Procedure. E 805.10.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.10.1.2 Functional Testing.
437	E 805.10.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.11 Automatic Demand Shed Control (Form MECH-11A). E 805.11.1 Test Procedure. E 805.11.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.11.1.2 Functional Testing. E 805.11.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.12 Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD) for Packaged Direct-Expansion (DX) Units (Form MECH-12A). E 805.12.1 Test Procedure. E 805.12.1.1 Construction Inspection.
438	E 805.12.1.2 Functional Testing. E 805.12.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.13 Automatic Fault Detection Diagnostics (FDD) for Air Handling Units (AHU) and Zone Terminal Units (Form MECH-13A). E 805.13.1 Test Procedure. E 805.13.1.1 Functional Testing. E 805.13.1.1.1 Functional Testing for Air Handling Units. E 805.13.1.1.2 Functional Testing for Zone Terminal Units.
439	E 805.13.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.14 Distributed Energy Storage DX AC System (Form MECH-14A). E 805.14.1 Test Procedure. E 805.14.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.14.1.2 Functional Testing.
440	E 805.14.1.3 Calibrating Controls. E 805.14.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 805.15 Thermal Energy Storage (TES) System (Form MECH-15A). E 805.15.1 Test Procedure. E 805.15.1.1 Construction Inspection. E 805.15.1.2 Functional Testing.
441	E 805.15.2 Acceptance Criteria. E 806.0 Certificate of Acceptance Forms. E 806.1 General.
442	Appendix E FORMS MECH-2A
445	MECH-3A
448	MECH-4A
451	MECH-5A
454	MECH-6A
457	MECH-7A
459	MECH-8A
461	MECH-9A
463	MECH-10A
466	MECH-11A
468	MECH-12A
471	MECH-13A
475	MECH-14A
478	MECH-15A
482	Appendix F – Sizing of Venting Systems and Outdoor Combustion and Ventilation Opening Design F 101.0 General. F 101.1 Applicability. F 101.2 Examples Using Single Appliance Venting Tables. Tables Figure F 101.2(1) Type B Double-Wall Vent System Serving a Single Appliance With a Type B Double-Wall Vent Figure F 101.2(2) Type B Double-Wall Vent System Serving a Single Appliance With a Single-Wall Metal Vent Connector Figure F 101.2(3) Vent System Serving A Single Appliance With a Masonry Chimney and a Type B Double-Wall Vent Connector Figure F 101.2(4) Vent System Serving a Single Appliance Using a Masonry Chimney and a Single-Wall Metal Vent Connector
483	Figure G 101.2(5) Asbestos Cement Type B or Single-Wall Metal Vent System Serving a Single Draft Hood-Equipped Appliance Figure F 101.2(6) Vent System Serving Two or More Appliances With Type B Double-Wall Vent and Type B Double-Wall Vent Connectors Figure F 101.2(7) Vent System Serving Two Or More Appliances With Type B Double-Wall Vent and Single-Wall Metal Vent Connectors Figure F 101.2(8) Masonry Chimney Serving Two or More Appliances with Type B Double-Wall Vent Connectors
484	Figure G 101.2(9) Masonry Chimney Serving Two or More Appliances with Single-Wall Metal Vent Connectors Figure F 101.2(10) Asbestos Cement Type B or Single-Wall Metal Vent System Serving Two or More Draft Hood-Equipped Appliances [NFPA 54: Figure F.1(j)] Figure F 101.2(11) Use of Manifolded Common Vent Connector Figure F 101.2(12) Use of Offset Common Vent
485	F 101.3 Example 1: Single Draft Hood-Equipped Appliance. Figure F 101.2(13) Multistory Gas Vent Design Procedure for Each Segment of System Figure F 101.2(14) Principles if Design if Multistory Vents Using Vent Connector and Common Vent Design Tables [See Section 803.2.13 through Section 803.2.16]
486	F 101.4 Example 2: Single Fan-Assisted Appliance. F 101.5 Example 3: Interpolating Between Table Values. Figure F 101.3 Single Draft Hood-Equipped Appliance – Example 1 Figure F 101.4 Single Fan-Assisted Appliance – Example 2
487	F 102.0 Examples Using Common Venting Tables. F 102.1 Example 4: Common Venting Two Draft Hood-Equipped Appliances. F 102.2 Example 5(a): Common Venting a Draft Hood-Equipped Water Heater with a Fan-Assisted Furnace into a Type B Vent. Figure F 102.1 Common Venting Two Draft Hood-Equipped Appliances – Example 4
488	F 102.3 Example 5(b): Common Venting into an Interior Masonry Chimney. F 102.4 Example 5(c): Common Venting into an Exterior Masonry Chimney. Figure F 102.2 Common Venting a Draft Hood-Equipped Water Heater with a Fan-Assisted Furnace Into a Type B Double-Wall Common Vent – Example 5(a)
489	Table F 102.3 Masonry Chimney Liner Dimensions with Circular Equivalents
490	F 103.0 Example of Combination Indoor and Outdoor Combustion Air Opening Design.
491	Table F 103.0 Standard Method: Required Volume, All Appliances
492	Appendix G – Example Calculation of Outdoor Air Rate G 101.0 Example Calculation of Outdoor Air Rate. G 101.1 Example Calculation.
494	Appendix H – Professional Qualifications H 101.0 General. H 101.1 Scope. H 102.0 Qualifications. H 102.1 General. H 102.2 Inspectors and Plans Examiners. H 102.2.1 Qualification for Mechanical Inspector. H 102.2.2 Qualification for Mechanical Plan Examiner. H 102.3 Residential Mechanical Service Technician. H 102.3.1 Qualification for Residential Mechanical Service Technician. H 102.4 Hydronic Systems. H 102.4.1 Qualification for Solar Water Heating System Installer. H 102.4.2 Qualification for Hydronic Heating and Cooling System Installer. H 102.4.3 Qualification for Hydronic Heating and Cooling System Designer. H 102.5 Water Management and Infection Control Risk Assessment for Building Systems. H 102.5.1 Qualification for Environment of Care,Infection Control and Construction Risk Assessment. H 102.5.2 Qualification for Environment of Care, Infection Control and Construction Risk Assessment Professional Qualification Standard for Construction and Maintenance Employers. H 102.5.3 Qualification for Water Quality Program, Pipefitters and HVAC Technicians. H 102.5.4 Legionella Water Safety and Management Personnel.
496	Appendix I – Indoor Horticultural Facilities I 101.0 General. I 101.1 Indoor Spaces. I 101.2 Plumbing Systems. I 101.3 Mechanical Systems. I 101.4 Fire Suppression Systems. I 201.0 Definitions. I 301.0 Classification of Facilities. I 401.0 Documentation. I 501.0 Fire Protection. I 601.0 Carbon Dioxide Detection System. I 601.1 General.
497	I 601.1.1 Listings. I 601.1.2 Carbon Dioxide Sensor Location. I 601.1.3 Activation. I 601.1.3.1 Low-Level Activation. I 601.1.3.2 High-Level Activation. I 601.2 Carbon Dioxide Enrichment System. I 601.2.1 Carbon Dioxide Systems. I 601.2.2 Carbon Dioxide Control. I 601.2.3 Carbon Dioxide Supply Piping. I 701.0 Flammable Solvents. I 701.1 General. I 701.2 Control Area. I 701.3 Extraction Equipment. I 801.0 Ventilation and Exhaust System. I 801.1 General. I 801.1.1 Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow Rate.
498	I 801.1.2 Ventilation System Requirements. I 801.1.3 Ventilation for Indoor Cultivation andStorage Spaces. I 801.1.4 Exhaust Ventilation Rate. I 801.1.5 Exhaust System Requirements. I 801.1.6 Automatic Shutoff. I 901.0 Particulate and Odor Control. I 901.1 General.
499	I 901.2 Filters. I 1001.0 Duct Construction and Installation. I 1001.1 General. I 1101.0 Hydronic Systems. I 1101.1 General. I 1201.0 Motors and Fans. I 1201.1 General. I 1301.0 Storage of Chemicals. I 1301.1 General. I 1401.0 Walls, Ceilings, and Floors. I 1401.1 General. I 1501.0 Dehumidification and Humidification. I 1501.1 General. I 1501.2 Protection. I 1601.0 Fumigation. I 1601.1 General. I 1601.1.1 Sources of Ignition. I 1601.1.2 Fumigation Activity. I 1701.0 Luminaires. I 1701.1 General. I 1801.0 UV and UV-C Devices. I 1801.1 General. I 1901.0 Signage. I 1901.1 General.
500	Appendix J – Clean Air Delivery J 101.0 General. J 101.1 Applicability. J 201.0 Clean Air Delivery Capability. J 201.1 General. J 201.1.1 Airflow for Increased Filtration. J 301.0 Demand Control Ventilation (DCV). J 301.1 General. J 301.1.1 Carbon Dioxide Sensor Performance Specifications. J 301.1.2 Mechanical System Controls. J 301.1.3 Carbon Dioxide Detection Threshold Level. J 301.1.4 Carbon Dioxide Detection Threshold Level Exceeded.
502	Useful Tables Conversion Tables
506	Unit Conversions SI Symbols and Prefixes
507	Areas and Circumferences of Circles
508	Approximate Minimum Thickness for Carbon Sheet Steel Corresponding to Manufacturer’s Standard Gauge and Galvanized Sheet Gauge Numbers
510	Index – A –
512	– B –
513	– C –
515	– D –
516	– E –
517	– F –
518	– G –
519	– H –
520	– I – – J –
521	– K – – L – – M –
522	– N – – O – – P –
524	– R –
525	– S – – T –
526	– U – – V –
527	– W –

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