🔥🔥 Don’t Miss Out on Our End of Autumn Sale. If you have any questions, feel free to click the bottom right corner to contact our customer service..

Concat us[email protected]
Shopping Cart

No products in the cart.

🔍
NFPA 921 2024

NFPA 921 2024

$64.58

NFPA 921: Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
NFPA 2024 500
PDF Format Searchable Printable Preview Now
Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Category:

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our online customer service team by clicking on the bottom right corner. We’re here to assist you 24/7.
Email:[email protected]

NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, provides the roadmap for scientific investigation methods used to formulate fact-based opinions on incident origin, cause, responsibility, prevention, and the damage and injuries that can arise in such cases. NFPA 921 is recommended as the forensic science consensus guide for fire investigations by the Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC), a collaborative body of more than 600 forensic science practitioners and experts. Reference NFPA 921 for guidance in: Using the scientific method in origin and cause investigations Documenting an investigation so that all relevant facts are gathered for future use in court Handling fire-related evidence so that it’s admissible in court Understanding many of the terms related to explosion and fire investigations

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 Important Notices and Disclaimers
3 Additional Notices and Disclaimers
12 Chapter 1 Administration
1.1 Scope.
1.2 Purpose.
1.3 Application.
1.4 Units of Measure.
13 1.5 Measurement Uncertainty.
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications
2.1 General.
2.2 NFPA Publications.
14 2.3 Other Publications.
17 2.4 References for Extracts in Advisory Sections.
18 Chapter 3 Definitions
3.1 General.
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
3.3 General Definitions.
24 3.4 Canine Definitions.
3.5 Terminology Specific to Wildfire Investigations.
26 Chapter 4 Basic Methodology
4.1 Nature of Fire Investigations.
4.2 Systematic Approach.
4.3 Relating Fire Investigation to the Scientific Method.
27 4.4 Basic Method of a Fire Investigation.
28 4.5 Expert Opinions.
4.6 Review Procedure.
29 4.7 Reporting Procedure.
30 Chapter 5 Basic Fire Science
5.1 Introduction.
31 5.2 Chemistry.
32 5.3 Products of Combustion.
5.4 Fluid Flows.
33 5.5 Heat Transfer.
35 5.6 Fuel Load, Fuel Packages, and Properties of Flames.
43 5.7 Ignition.
49 5.8 Flame Spread.
51 5.9 Fire Spread in a Compartment.
52 5.10 Compartment Fire Development.
56 5.11 Fire Spread Between Compartments.
57 5.12 Paths of Fire and Smoke Spread Through Buildings.
58 5.13 Paths of Smoke Spread in Buildings.
59 Chapter 6 Fire Effects and Fire Patterns
6.1 Introduction.
61 6.2 Fire Effects.
77 6.3 Fire Patterns.
81 6.4 Fire Pattern Generation.
85 6.5 Fire Pattern Geometry.
94 6.6 Fire Effects on Electrical Systems and Components.
106 6.7 Pointer and Arrow Patterns.
6.8 Impact of Firefighting Actions.
108 Chapter 7 Building Systems
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Features of Design, Construction, and Structural Elements in Evaluating Fire Development.
110 7.3 Types of Construction.
113 7.4 Construction Assemblies.
115 7.5 Construction Materials.
7.6 Impact of Passive Fire Protection Systems on Investigation.
7.7 Design and Installation Parameters of the System.
116 7.8 Documentation and Data Collection.
7.9 Analysis.
117 7.10 Heating Systems.
122 Chapter 8 Active Fire Protection Systems
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Documentation of Fire Protection Systems.
8.3 Fire Alarm Systems.
128 8.4 Water-Based Fire Suppression Protection Systems.
135 8.5 Non-Water-Based Fire Protection Systems.
140 8.6 Spoliation Issues.
141 Chapter 9 Electricity and Fire
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Basic Electricity.
146 9.3 Building Electrical Systems.
147 9.4 Service Equipment.
9.5 Grounding.
9.6 Overcurrent Protection.
152 9.7 Branch Circuits.
153 9.8 Outlets and Devices.
154 9.9 Ignition by Electrical Energy.
157 9.10 Interpreting Damage to Electrical Systems.
160 9.11 Identification of Damaged Conductors.
161 9.12 Electrical System Examination.
162 9.13 Arc Surveys.
164 9.14 Static Electricity.
168 9.15 Lithium Ion Batteries.
169 Chapter 10 Building Fuel Gas Systems
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Fuel Gases.
170 10.3 Natural Gas Systems.
10.4 LP-Gas Systems.
171 10.5 Common Fuel Gas System Components.
172 10.6 Common Piping in Buildings.
173 10.7 Common Appliance and Equipment Requirements.
10.8 Common Fuel Gas Utilization Equipment.
174 10.9 Investigating Fuel Gas Systems Incidents.
180 Chapter 11 Fire-Related Human Behavior
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 History of Research.
11.3 General Considerations of Human Responses to Fires.
182 11.4 Factors Related to Fire Initiation.
183 11.5 Youth Fire-Setting Behavior.
184 11.6 Incendiary Fires.
11.7 Human Factors Related to Fire Spread.
11.8 Recognition and Response to Fires.
185 Chapter 12 Legal Considerations
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Constitutional Considerations.
12.3 Legal Considerations During the Investigation.
188 12.4 Pretrial Legal Considerations.
189 12.5 Trials.
193 Chapter 13 Fire Investigator Safety, Health, and Wellness
13.1 General.
13.2 Application of the Scientific Method to Scene Safety.
194 13.3 Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Mitigation.
200 13.4 Risk Assessment and Evaluation.
201 13.5 Hazard Exposure.
13.6 Exposure Effects.
202 13.7 Risk Mitigation Methods.
203 13.8 Other Safety Equipment.
13.9 Decontamination.
13.10 Site-Specific Safety and Emergency Action Plans.
204 13.11 First Aid Training, Supplies, and Emergency Notification Numbers.
205 Chapter 14 Sources of Information
14.1 General.
14.2 Legal Considerations.
14.3 ASTM Standards for Collecting, Preserving, and Evaluating Data.
206 14.4 Forms of Information.
14.5 Sources of Non-Scene Data.
212 14.6 Private Sources of Information.
214 Chapter 15 Planning the Investigation
15.1 Introduction.
15.2 Basic Incident Information.
215 15.3 Organizing the Investigation Functions.
15.4 Pre-InvestigationPreinvestigation Team Meeting.
15.5 Specialized Personnel and Technical Consultants.
216 15.6 Case Management.
217 Chapter 16 Documentation of the Investigation
16.1 Introduction.
16.2 Photography.
223 16.3 Note Taking.
224 16.4 Diagrams and Drawings.
230 16.5 Reports and Testimony.
232 Chapter 17 Physical Evidence
17.1 General.
17.2 Physical Evidence.
17.3 Preservation of the Fire Scene and Physical Evidence.
234 17.4 Contamination of Physical Evidence.
17.5 Methods of Collection.
236 17.6 Evidence Containers.
237 17.7 Canine-Handler Teams Introduction.
239 17.8 Identification of Physical Evidence.
240 17.9 Transportation and Storage of Physical Evidence.
17.10 Chain of Custody of Physical Evidence.
17.11 Examination and Testing of Physical Evidence.
244 17.12 Evidence Disposition.
245 Chapter 18 Origin Determination
18.1 Introduction.
18.2 Overall Methodology.
246 18.3 Data Collection for Origin Determination.
250 18.4 Analyze the Data.
253 18.5 Developing Origin Hypotheses.
254 18.6 Testing an Origin Hypothesis for Validity.
255 18.7 Selecting the Final Hypothesis.
18.8 Origin Insufficiently Defined.
256 Chapter 19 Fire Cause Determination
19.1 Introduction.
19.2 Overall Methodology.
257 19.3 Data Collection for Fire Cause Determination.
258 19.4 Analyze the Data.
259 19.5 Developing Cause Hypotheses.
19.6 Testing the Cause Hypothesis for Validity.
260 19.7 Selecting the Final Hypothesis.
261 19.8 Fire Incident and Cause Classifications.
262 Chapter 20 Analyzing the Incident for Cause and Responsibility
20.1 General.
20.2 The Cause of the Fire or Explosion.
20.3 The Cause of Damage to Property Resulting from the Incident.
20.4 The Cause of Bodily Injury or Loss of Life.
263 20.5 Determining Responsibility.
264 Chapter 21 Failure Analysis and Analytical Tools
21.1 Introduction.
21.2 Time Lines.
265 21.3 Systems Analysis.
268 21.4 Mathematical Modeling.
271 21.5 Fire Testing.
273 21.6 Data Required for Modeling and Testing.
274 Chapter 22 Explosions
22.1 General.
22.2 Types of Explosions.
275 22.3 Characterization of Explosion Damage.
276 22.4 Effects of Explosions.
280 22.5 Factors Controlling Explosion Effects.
281 22.6 Seated Explosions.
282 22.7 Nonseated Explosions.
22.8 Gas/Vapor Combustion Explosions.
287 22.9 Dust Explosions.
289 22.10 Backdraft (Smoke Explosions).
22.11 Unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosions.
290 22.12 Explosives.
22.13 Investigation of Explosive Incidents.
22.14 Investigating the Explosion Scene.
296 22.15 Analyze Origin (Epicenter).
22.16 Analyze Fuel Source.
297 22.17 Analyze Ignition Source.
22.18 Analyze to Establish Cause.
298 Chapter 23 Incendiary Fires
23.1 Introduction.
23.2 Incendiary Fire Indicators.
300 23.3 Potential Indicators Not Directly Related to Combustion.
301 23.4 Other Evidentiary Factors.
305 Chapter 24 Fire and Explosion Deaths and Injuries
24.1 General.
24.2 Mechanisms of Death and Injury.
308 24.3 Consumption of the Body by Fire.
24.4 Postmortem Changes.
309 24.5 Investigating Fire Scenes with Fatalities.
311 24.6 Investigating Fire Scenes with Injuries.
24.7 Explosion Deaths and Injuries.
312 24.8 Post Scene Investigation of Injuries.
24.9 Fire Death Pathological and Toxicological Examination.
316 24.10 Analysis of Data.
319 Chapter 25 Appliances
25.1 Scope.
25.2 Appliance Scene Recording.
320 25.3 Origin Analysis Involving Appliances.
321 25.4 Cause Analysis Involving Appliances.
323 25.5 Appliance Components.
332 25.6 Common Residential Appliances.
335 Chapter 26 Motor Vehicle Fires
26.1 Introduction.
26.2 Vehicle Investigation Safety.
26.3 Fuels in Vehicle Fires.
339 26.4 Ignition Sources.
340 26.5 System Identification and Function.
346 26.6 Body Systems.
26.7 Motor Vehicle Fire Scenes.
347 26.8 Motor Vehicle Examinations.
351 26.9 Total Burns.
26.10 Special Considerations for Incendiary Vehicle Fires.
352 26.11 Vehicle Ignition Components.
355 26.12 Vehicles in Structures.
26.13 Recreational Vehicles.
358 26.14 Heavy Equipment.
360 26.15 Agricultural Equipment and Implements Introduction.
365 26.16 Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs).
366 26.17 Towing Considerations.
367 26.18 Hydrogen-Fueled Vehicles.
369 Chapter 27 Wildfire Investigations
27.1 Introduction.
27.2 Scope.
27.3 Purpose.
27.4 Terminology Specific to Wildfire Investigations.
27.5 Basic Methodology.
27.6 Fire Science.
370 27.7 Fire Pattern Indicator.
377 27.8 Safety.
378 27.9 Determining the Origin Area.
27.10 Determining the Cause.
381 Chapter 28 Management of Complex Investigations
28.1 Scope.
28.2 Basic Information and Documents.
28.3 Communications Among Interested Parties.
382 28.4 Understandings and Agreements.
383 28.5 Management of the Investigation.
384 28.6 Evidence.
385 28.7 Logistics.
28.8 Site and Scene Safety.
387 Chapter 29 Marine Fire Investigations
29.1 Introduction.
29.2 Marine Vessel Terminology and Navigational Concepts.
388 29.3 Vessel Investigation Safety.
389 29.4 System Identification and Function.
392 29.5 Exterior.
29.6 Interior.
393 29.7 Propulsion Systems.
394 29.8 Ignition Sources.
396 29.9 Documenting Vessel Fire Scenes.
399 29.10 Vessel Examination.
400 29.11 Vessels in Structures.
401 29.12 Legal Considerations.
402 Annex A Explanatory Material
453 Annex B Bibliography
456 Annex C Informational References
464 Annex D Photograph Credits

Related products

NFPA 921 2024
$64.58