SMACNA HVACSoundandVibrationManual 2004 01E
$119.17
HVAC Sound and Vibration Manual, 1st Edition
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| SMACNA | 2004 | 222 |
Contractors charged with resolving complaints related to sound and vibration will find the first edition of SMACNA’s HVAC Sound and Vibration Manual an in-depth HVAC-specific guide in the art of sound and vibration measurement and mitigation. This comprehensive book covers mechanical vibration, acoustical design of mechanical systems, sound generation and attenuations associated with ducts and fittings, mechanical equipment sound and vibration specifications and inspections, plus sound and vibration instrumentation and measurements.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 5 | FOREWORD |
| 6 | HVAC SOUND AND VIBRATION TASK FORCE |
| 7 | NOTICE TO USERS OF THIS PUBLICATION |
| 11 | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| 21 | CHAPTER 1 BASICS OF SOUND AND THE ASSESSMENT OF SOUND 1.1 SOUND WAVES FIGURE 1-1 PROPAGATION OF SOUND |
| 22 | 1.2 TYPES OF SOUND WAVES FIGURE 1-2 SUCCESSIVE WAVE FRONTS FOR PLANE, CYLINDRICAL, AND SPHERICAL WAVES |
| 23 | 1.3 SOUND FIELDS OF SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCES FIGURE 1-3 RADIATION FIELDS OF A SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCE FIGURE 1-4 ACOUSTIC FREE AND REVERBERANT SOUND FIELDS |
| 24 | 1.4 SOURCE, PATH, AND RECEIVER 1.5 SOUND PRESSURE, SOUND INTENSITY, AND SOUND POWER FIGURE 1-5 SOURCE, PATH, AND RECEIVER FIGURE 1-6 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOM ADJACENT TO OFFICE AREA |
| 25 | FIGURE 1-7 SOUND ENERGY FLOWING OUTWARD FROM A SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCE THROUGH A SOLID ANGLE |
| 26 | 1.6 DECIBELS AND LEVELS FIGURE 1-8 SOUND RADIATED BY A SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCE |
| 27 | EXAMPLE 1-1 EXAMPLE 1-2 |
| 28 | 1.7 PRESENCE OF BACKGROUND SOUND FIGURE 1-9 NOMOGRAM FOR COMBINING THE SOUND LEVELS OF UNCORRELATED SOUND SOURCES FIGURE 1-10 NOMOGRAM FOR DETERMINING THE SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL OF A SOUND SOURCE IN THE PRESENCE OF BACKGROUND SOUND FIGURE 1-11 A AND C WEIGHTING NETWORKS EXAMPLE 1-3 |
| 29 | 1.8 WEIGHTING NETWORKS AND OCTAVE AND THIRD OCTAVE FREQUENCY BANDS TABLE 1-1 ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH WEIGHTING NETWORKS FIGURE 1-12 NORMALIZED RESPONSE OF OCTAVE AND THIRD OCTAVE BAND FILTERS FIGURE 1-13 RESPONSE CHARACATERISTICS OF A TYPICAL OCTAVE BAND FILTER SET |
| 30 | 1.9 HOW THE HUMAN EAR RESPONDS TO SOUND TABLE 1-2 BAND LIMITS AND CENTER FREQUENCIES FOR OCTAVE FREQUENCY BANDS (Hz) TABLE 1-3 SIGNIFICANT FREQUENCY RANGES FOR HEARING FIGURE 1-14 THRESHOLDS OF HEARING |
| 31 | TABLE 1-4 SUBJECTIVE RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EAR TABLE 1-5 SUBJECTIVE EFFECTS TO CHANGES IN SOUND LEVELS FIGURE 1-15 FREQUENCY RANGES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND THE HUMAN VOICE |
| 32 | 1.10 INDOOR SOUND CRITERIA FIGURE 1-16 EQUAL LOUDNESS CONTOURS FOR PURE TONES IN A FREE FIELD FIGURE 1-17 NOISE CRITERIA (NC) CURVES FIGURE 1-18 NC LEVEL FOR EXAMPLE 1.4 |
| 33 | FIGURE 1-19 BALANCED NOISE CRITERIA (NCB) CURVES EXAMPLE 1-4 |
| 34 | FIGURE 1-20 NCB RATING FOR TOTAL BACKGROUND NOISE IN EXAMPLE 1-5 EXAMPLE 1-5 |
| 35 | FIGURE 1-21 ROOM CRITERION (RC) CURVES |
| 36 | FIGURE 1-22 RC RATING FOR BACKGROUND NOISE IN EXAMPLE 1-6 FIGURE 1-23 ROOM CRITERION (RC) CURVES FOR THE MARK II METHOD EXAMPLE 1-6 |
| 37 | FIGURE 1-24 RC RATING FOR BACKGROUND SOUND IN EXAMPLE 1-7 EXAMPLE 1-7 |
| 38 | TABLE 1-6 DEFINITION OF THE SOUND QUALITY DESCRIPTOR AND THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT INDEX (QAI) TO AID IN INTERPRETING RC MARK II RATINGS FOR HVAC-RELATED SOUND |
| 39 | TABLE 1-7 DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR HVAC RELATED BACKGROUND SOUND IN ROOMS RECOMMENDED BY ASHRAE TABLE 1-8 LISTENING CONDITIONS AND TELEPHONE USE AS A FUNCTION OF NC CRITERIA |
| 40 | TABLE 1-9 COMPARISON OF SOUND RATING METHODS |
| 43 | CHAPTER 2 MECHANICAL VIBRATION 2.1 VIBRATION IN BUILDINGS 2.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF VIBRATION FIGURE 2-1 ONE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM VIBRATING SYSTEM FIGURE 2-2 HARMONIC MOTION |
| 44 | FIGURE 2-3 AMPLITUDE AND PHASE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION |
| 45 | FIGURE 2-4 RELATION BETWEEN STATIC DEFLECTION, d, AND RESONANCE FREQUENCY, fN FIGURE 2-5 VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM WITH FOUR SPRINGS |
| 46 | EXAMPLE 2-1 |
| 47 | 2. 3 VIBRATION CRITERIA TABLE 2-1 VIBRATION CRITERIA CURVES ACCEPTABLE VIBRATION IN BUILDINGS FOR CONTINUOUS VIBRATION (CURVES REFER TO VALUES SPECIFIED FIGURE 2-5) |
| 48 | 2.4 VIBRATION ISOLATION: ONEDEGREE- OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS FIGURE 2-5 (I-P) BUILDING VIBRATION CRITERIA FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON THE BUILDING STRUCTURE FIGURE 2-5 (SI) BUILDING VIBRATION CRITERIA FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON THE BUILDING STRUCTURE |
| 49 | FIGURE 2-6 (I-P) EQUIPMENT VIBRATION SEVERITY RATING FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON EQUIPMENT STRUCTURE OR BEARING CAPS FIGURE 2-6 (SI) EQUIPMENT VIBRATION SEVERITY RATING FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON EQUIPMENT STRUCTURE OR BEARING CAPS |
| 50 | FIGURE 2-7 MAGNIFICATION FACTOR AND FORCE TRANSMISSIBILITY AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY RATIO |
| 51 | 2.5 VIBRATION ISOLATION: TWODEGREE- OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS FIGURE 2-8 SCHEMATIC OF TWO-DEGREE-OFFREEDOM VIBRATION MODEL |
| 52 | 2.6 VIBRATION ISOLATORS FIGURE 2-9 TYPICAL TWO-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM VIBRATION RESPONSE OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM ON A FLEXIBLE FLOOR |
| 53 | FIGURE 2-10 OPEN EXPOSED SPRING MOUNT FIGURE 2-11 RESTRAINED SPRING MOUNT FIGURE 2-12 SPRING HANGER |
| 54 | FIGURE 2-13 NEOPRENE MOUNT FIGURE 2-14 NEOPRENE PAD FIGURE 2-15 PNEUMATIC VIBRATION ISOLATOR |
| 55 | 2.7 STRUCTURAL ISOLATION BASES FIGURE 2-16 GLASS FIBER PAD FIGURE 2-17 STRUCTURAL BASE FIGURE 2-18 STEEL SADDLES |
| 56 | 2.8 CURB BASES 2.9 FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS FIGURE 2-19 CONCRETE-STEEL FORM BASE FIGURE 2-20 CURB BASE FIGURE 2-21 SPRING THRUST RESTRAINT |
| 57 | FIGURE 2-22 SPRING HANGERS USED TO SUPPORT DUCTS FIGURE 2-23 BUTYL FLEXIBLE HOSES FIGURE 2-24 BRAIDED STAINLESS STEEL HOSES |
| 58 | FIGURE 2-25 RUBBER EXPANSION JOINT FIGURE 2-26 PIPE VIBRATION ISOLATION FIGURE 2-27 SPRING HANGERS USED TO SUPPORT PIPES FIGURE 2-28 RISER VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM FIGURE 2-29 RISER VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM |
| 59 | 2.10 FLOATING FLOORS 2.11 FLOOR CONSTRUCTIONS USED TO SUPPORT MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT FIGURE 2-30 FLOATING CONCRETE FLOORS FIGURE 2-31 JACK-UP FLOATING FLOOR FIGURE 2-32 WOODEN FLOATING FLOOR |
| 60 | 2.12 EQUIPMENT VIBRATION ISOLATION REQUIREMENTS TABLE 2-2 LIGHTWEIGHT FLOOR CONSTRUCTIONS |
| 61 | 2.13 VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEMS 2.14 VIBRATION ISOLATOR SELECTION TABLE 2-3 EQUIPMENT THAT REQUIRES VIBRATION ISOLATION |
| 62 | TABLE 2-4 VIBRATION ISOLATOR SELECTION GUIDE |
| 64 | 2.15 INVESTIGATION OF VIBRATION PROBLEMS |
| 65 | TABLE 2-5 POTENTIAL CAUSES OF MACHINE-RELATED VIBRATION PROBLEMS |
| 66 | 2.16 CAUSES OF STRUCTURE-BORNE VIBRATION PROBLEMS |
| 71 | CHAPTER 3 ACOUSTICAL DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 3.1 SOUND LEVELS 3.2 SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDELINES FIGURE 3-1 ILLUSTRATION OF WELLBALANCED HVAC SOUND SPECTRUM FOR OCCUPIED SPACES FIGURE 3-2 FREQUENCY RANGES OF THE MOST LIKELY SOURCES OF ACOUSTICAL COMPLAINTS |
| 72 | FIGURE 3-3 FREQUENCIES AT WHICH DIFFERENT TYPES OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT GENERALLY CONTROL SOUND SPECTRA |
| 73 | TABLE 3-1 SOUND SOURCES, TRANSMISSION PATHS, AND RECOMMENDED NOISE REDUCTION METHODS |
| 74 | 3.3 SOUND PATH DESIGN PROCEDURES 3.4 EQUIPMENT SOUND DATA |
| 75 | 3.5 FANS FIGURE 3.4 SUGGESTED SELECTION OF CALCULATED FAN POINT OF OPERATION |
| 76 | 3.6 VARIABLE-AIR-VOLUME (VAV) SYSTEMS |
| 77 | FIGURE 3-5 BASIS FOR FAN SELECTION IN VAV SYSTEM |
| 78 | 3.7 ROOFTOP CURB-MOUNTED AIR HANDLERS |
| 79 | FIGURE 3-6 SOUND PATHS FOR TYPICAL ROOFTOP INSTALLATIONS |
| 80 | 3.8 AIRFLOW GENERATED DUCT RUMBLE FIGURE 3-7 FLOW-GENERATED DUCT RUMBLE FIGURE 3-8 VARIOUS OUTLET CONFIGURATIONS FOR CENTRIFUGAL FANS AND THEIR POSSIBLE RUMBLE CONDITIONS FIGURE 3-9 DRYWALL LAGGING ON DUCT FOR DUCT RUMBLE |
| 81 | FIGURE 3-10 DECOUPLED DRYWALL ENCLOSURE FOR DUCT RUMBLE FIGURE 3-11 RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH EXTERNAL LAGGING FIGURE 3-12 ROUND DUCT FOR CONTROLLING DUCT RUMBLE |
| 82 | TABLE 3-2 (I-P) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED DUCT AIRFLOW VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA TABLE 3-2 (SI) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED DUCT AIRFLOW VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA FIGURE 3-13 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT TRANSITIONS AND OFFSETS |
| 83 | 3.9 AERODYNAMICALLY GENERATED SOUND IN DUCTS TABLE 3-3 (I-P) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED ìFREEî SUPPLY OUTLET AND RETURN AIR OPENING VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA TABLE 3-3 (SI) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED ìFREEî SUPPLY OUTLET AND RETURN AIR OPENING VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA FIGURE 3-14 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT |
| 84 | FIGURE 3-15 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT TEES FIGURE 3-16 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT ELBOWS |
| 85 | FIGURE 3-17 PROPER AND IMPROPER AIRFLOW CONDITIONS TO AN AIR TERMINAL OUTLET FIGURE 3-18 EFFECT OF PROPER AND IMPROPER ALIGNMENT OF FLEXIBLE DUCT CONNECTOR |
| 89 | CHAPTER 4 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 FANS TABLE 4-1 SPECIFIC SOUND POWER LEVELS, KW (DB) FOR FAN TOTAL SOUND POWER |
| 90 | TABLE 4-2 BLADE FREQUENCY INCREMENTS (BFI) TABLE 4-3 CORRECTION FACTOR, C, FOR OFF-PEAK OPERATION EXAMPLE 4-1 |
| 91 | 4.3 REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT TABLE 4-4 CORRECTION VALUES FOR OBTAINING CHILLER OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS TABLE 4-5 OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR ABSORPTION MACHINES |
| 92 | 4.4 BOILERS AND STEAM EQUIPMENT 4.5 COOLING TOWERS TABLE 4-6 OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR BOILERS AND STEAM EQUIPMENT TABLE 4-7 FREQUENCY CORRECTION VALUES FOR COOLING TOWERS EXAMPLE 4-2 |
| 93 | TABLE 4-8 CORRECTIONS TO AVERAGE LP VALUES FOR DIRECTION EFFECTS OF COOLING TOWERS FIGURE 4-1 COOLING TOWERS |
| 94 | 4.6 RECIPROCATING ENGINES TABLE 4-9 APPROXIMATE CLOSE-IN LP NEAR THE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE OPENINGS OF COOLING TOWERS EXAMPLE 4-3 |
| 95 | TABLE 4-10 CORRECTION TERMS FOR EQUATION 4-10 TABLE 4-11 CORRECTION TERMS FOR LW CALCULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RECIPROCATING ENGINES EXAMPLE 4-4 |
| 96 | 4.7 GAS TURBINE ENGINES |
| 97 | TABLE 4-12 CORRECTION TERMS FOR LW CALCULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH GAS TURBINES EXAMPLE 4-5 |
| 98 | 4.8 ELECTRIC GENERATORS 4.9 ELECTRIC MOTORS TABLE 4-13 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRIC GENERATORS EXAMPLE 4-6 |
| 99 | 4.10 PUMPS TABLE 4-14 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRIC MOTORS EXAMPLE 4-7 |
| 100 | 4.11 AIR COMPRESSORS 4.12 ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS TABLE 4-15 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH PUMPS TABLE 4-16 OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR AIR COMPRESSORS EXAMPLE 4-8 |
| 101 | TABLE 4-17 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS EXAMPLE 4-9 |
| 105 | CHAPTER 5 SOUND GENERATION AND ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH DUCTS AND DUCT FITTINGS 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 REGENERATED SOUND POWER ASSOCIATED WITH DUCT FITTINGS FIGURE 5-1 DAMPER |
| 106 | FIGURE 5-2 CHARACTERISTIC SPECTRUM, KD, FOR DAMPERS EXAMPLE 5-1 |
| 107 | FIGURE 5-3 90-DEGREE ELBOW FITTED WITH TURNING VANES FIGURE 5-4 CHARACTERISTIC SPECTRUM, KT, FOR ELBOWS FITTED WITH TURNING VANES EXAMPLE 5-2 |
| 108 | FIGURE 5-5 ELBOWS, JUNCTIONS, AND BRANCH TAKEOFFS |
| 109 | FIGURE 5-6 CORRECTION FACTORS FOR CORNER ROUNDING AND FOR UPSTREAM TURBULENCE FIGURE 5-7 CHARACTERISTIC SPECTRUM, KJ, FOR TURNS AND JUNCTIONS |
| 110 | EXAMPLE 5-3 (X-Junction) |
| 111 | EXAMPLE 5-4 (T-Junction) EXAMPLE 5-5 (90-degree Elbow without Turning Vanes) |
| 112 | EXAMPLE 5-6 (90-degree Branch Takeoff) |
| 113 | FIGURE 5-8 GENERALIZED OCTAVE BAND SPECTRUM SHAPE ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFUSER NOISE |
| 115 | 5.3 SOUND ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH DUCT ELEMENTS FIGURE 5-9 SCHEMATIC OF A PLENUM CHAMBER EXAMPLE 5-7 |
| 116 | TABLE 5-1 ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS FOR SELECTED PLENUM MATERIALS |
| 117 | EXAMPLE 5-8 |
| 118 | TABLE 5-2 SOUND ATTENUATION IN UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS |
| 119 | TABLE 5-3 (I-P) SOUND ATTENUATION (DB/FT) IN UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS TABLE 5-3 (SI) SOUND ATTENUATION (DB/M) IN UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS TABLE 5-4 CONSTANTS FOR USE IN EQUATION 5-45 EXAMPLE 5-9 |
| 120 | TABLE 5-5 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 1-in. FIBERGLASS LINING TABLE 5-5 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 25-mm FIBERGLASS LINING |
| 121 | TABLE 5-6 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 2-in. FIBERGLASS LINING TABLE 5-6 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 51-mm FIBERGLASS LINING |
| 122 | TABLE 5-7 (I-P) SOUND ATTENUATION IN STRAIGHT CIRCULAR DUCTS (DB/FT) TABLE 5-7 (SI) SOUND ATTENUATION IN STRAIGHT CIRCULAR DUCTS (DB/M) EXAMPLE 5-10 EXAMPLE 5-11 |
| 123 | TABLE 5-8 COEFFICIENTS FOR EQUATION 5-48 EXAMPLE 5-12 |
| 124 | TABLE 5-9 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 1-in. FIBERGLASS LINING TABLE 5-9 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 25-mm FIBERGLASS LINING FIGURE 5-10 INSERTION LOSS VALUES FOR UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITHOUT TURNING VANES |
| 125 | TABLE 5-10 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 2-in. FIBERGLASS LINING TABLE 5-10 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 51-mm FIBERGLASS LINING FIGURE 5-11 RECTANGULAR DUCT ELBOWS |
| 126 | TABLE 5-11 (I-P) VALUES OF BW (KHz-IN.) TABLE 5-11 (SI) VALUES OF BW (KHz-MM) TABLE 5-12 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITHOUT TURNING VANES TABLE 5-12 (SI) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITHOUT TURNING VANES TABLE 5-13 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF ROUND ELBOWS TABLE 5-13 (SI) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF ROUND ELBOWS TABLE 5-14 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITH TURNING VANES TABLE 5-14 (SI) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITH TURNING VANES EXAMPLE 5-13 EXAMPLE 5-14 |
| 127 | EXAMPLE 5-15 |
| 128 | FIGURE 5-12 DISSIPATIVE PASSIVE DUCT SILENCERS |
| 129 | FIGURE 5-13 ACTIVE DUCT SILENCER |
| 130 | TABLE 5-15 7 FT (2.1 M), RECTANGULAR SILENCER – 20-25 PERCENT OPEN FACE AREA TABLE 5-16 7 FT (2.1 M), RECTANGULAR SILENCER – 45-50 PERCENT OPEN FACE AREA FIGURE 5-14 INSERTION LOSS OF ACTIVE AND DISSIPATIVE SILENCERS |
| 131 | TABLE 5-17 CIRCULAR SILENCER WITH A CENTER BODY TABLE 5-18 CIRCULAR SILENCER WITHOUT A CENTER BODY TABLE 5-19 COEFFICIENTS FOR DETERMINING STATIC PRESSURE DROP ACROSS DUCT SILENCERS |
| 132 | TABLE 5-20 COEFFICIENTS FOR SYSTEM COMPONENT EFFECTS ON DUCT SILENCERS EXAMPLE 5-16 |
| 133 | TABLE 5-21 DUCT BRANCH SOUND POWER DIVISION |
| 134 | EXAMPLE 5-17 |
| 135 | TABLE 5-22 DUCT END REFLECTION LOSS DUCT TERMINATED IN FREE SPACE TABLE 5-23 DUCT END REFLECTION LOSS DUCT TERMINATED FLUSH WITH A WALL |
| 136 | 5.4 SOUND POWER BREAKOUT AND BREAKIN IN DUCTS FIGURE 5-15 BREAKOUT AND BREAKIN OF SOUND IN DUCTS EXAMPLE 5-18 |
| 137 | FIGURE 5-16 TLOUT ASSOCIATED WITH UNLINED AND ACOUSTICALLY LINED RECTANGULAR DUCTS |
| 138 | TABLE 5-24 TLOUT VALUES FOR UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS |
| 139 | EXAMPLE 5-19 |
| 140 | TABLE 5-25 TLOUT VALUES FOR 1-in.-THICK (25 mm), FIGERGLASS-LINED, RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS |
| 141 | FIGURE 5-17 TLOUT ASSOCIATED WITH UNLINED AND ACOUSTICALLY LINED SPIRALWOUND CIRCULAR DUCTS |
| 143 | TABLE 5-26 TLOUT VALUES FOR UNLINED, SPIRAL-WOUND, CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS |
| 144 | TABLE 5-27 TLOUT VALUES FOR 1-in.-THICK (25 mm), FIBERGLASS-LINED, SPIRAL-WOUND, CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS EXAMPLE 5-20 |
| 145 | FIGURE 5-18 TLOUT ASSOCIATED WITH FOILBACK, FIBERGLASS DUCT BOARD DUCTS |
| 146 | TABLE 5-28 TLOUT VALUES FOR 1-in.-THICK (25 mm), 4.4 lb/ft3 (70.5 kg/m3) DENSITY, FOIL-BACK, FIBERGLASS DUCT BOARD DUCTS |
| 147 | FIGURE 5-19 FLAT OVAL DUCT EXAMPLE 5-21 |
| 148 | TABLE 5-29 TLOUT VS. FREQUENCY FOR FLAT OVAL DUCTS TABLE 5-30 TLIN VS. FREQUENCY FOR FLAT OVAL DUCTS |
| 149 | EXAMPLE 5-19 |
| 150 | 5.5 INSERTION LOSS OF EXTERNAL LAGGING ON RECTANGULAR DUCTS FIGURE 5-20 EXTERNAL DUCT LAGGING ON RECTANGULAR DUCTS FIGURE 5-21 INSERTION LOSS ASSOCIATAED WITH RECTANGULAR DUCT LAGGING |
| 151 | EXAMPLE 5-20 |
| 155 | CHAPTER 6 SOUND TRANSMISSION IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACES 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 SOUND TRANSMISSION THROUGH CEILING SYSTEMS TABLE 6-1 (I-P) TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES FOR CEILING MATERIALS TABLE 6-1 (SI) TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES FOR CEILING MATERIALS EXAMPLE 6-1 |
| 156 | TABLE 6-2 FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CEILING CONFIGURATIONS TABLE 6-3 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF TYPICAL INTEGRATED CEILING SYSTEMS Table 6-4 (I-P) CEILING/PLENUM/ROOM SOUND ATTENUATION FOR GENERIC SUSPENDED CEILING SYSTEMS* Table 6-4 (SI) CEILING/PLENUM/ROOM SOUND ATTENUATION FOR GENERIC SUSPENDED CEILING SYSTEMS* |
| 157 | 6.3 RECEIVER ROOM SOUND CORRECTIONS TABLE 6-5 AVERAGE SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT, , FOR TYPICAL ROOM SURFACES |
| 159 | TABLE 6-6 ENERGY ATTENUATION CONSTANT, 4m EXAMPLE 6-2 |
| 160 | 6.4 SOUND TRANSMISSION THROUGH MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOM WALLS, FLOOR, OR CEILING |
| 161 | TABLE 6-7 SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS FOR VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS |
| 162 | TABLE 6-8 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF DRYWALL CONFIGURATIONS TABLE 6-9 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF MASONRY/FLOOR/CEILING CONFIGURATIONS |
| 163 | TABLE 6-10 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF PAINTED MASONRY BLOCK WALLS AND PAINTED BLOCK WALLS WITH RESILIENTLY MOUNTED GYPSUM WALLBOARD TABLE 6-11 CORRECTION FACTORS FOR THE QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION EXAMPLE 6-3 |
| 164 | 6.5 SOUND TRANSMISSION IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS EXAMPLE 6-4 |
| 165 | FIGURE 6-1 SOUND SOURCE NEAR A REFLECTING SURFACE FIGURE 6-2 CORRECTION FACTOR, DL, ASSOCIATED WITH A VERTICAL REFLECTING SURFACE |
| 166 | FIGURE 6-3 RIGID FINITE BARRIER FIGURE 6-4 EXCESS ATTENUATION OF SOUND ASSOCIATED WITH A FINITE RIGID BARRIER |
| 167 | EXAMPLE 6-5 |
| 171 | CHAPTER 7 HVAC SYSTEM EXAMPLE 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 EXAMPLE FIGURE 7-1 SOUND PATHS FOR THE ROOF TOP UNIT |
| 172 | FIGURE 7-2 SOUND PATHS 1 AND 2 IN THE SUPPLY AIR SIDE OF THE ROOF TOP UNIT |
| 173 | TABLE 7-1 SUPPLY AIR SOUND PATH 1 |
| 174 | TABLE 7-2 SUPPLY AIR SOUND PATH 2 FIGURE 7-3 SOUND PATH 3 IN THE RETURN AIR SIDE OF THE ROOF TOP UNIT |
| 175 | TABLE 7-3 RETURN AIR SOUND PATH 3 TABLE 7-4 TOTAL SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS – ALL PATHS |
| 179 | CHAPTER 8 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND AND VIBRATION SPECIFICATIONS AND INSPECTIONS 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND AND VIBRATION SPECIFICATIONS |
| 180 | 8.3 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND AND VIBRATION ISOLATION INSPECTIONS |
| 185 | CHAPTER 9 SOUND INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENTS 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2 SOUND MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION FIGURE 9-1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SOUND LEVEL METER |
| 186 | FIGURE 9-2 SECTIONAL VIEW OF A CONDENSER MICROPHONE FIGURE 9-3 RECOMMENDED MICROPHONES AND MICROPHONE ORIENTATIONS FOR FREE FIELD AND DIFFUSE FIELD SOUND MEASUREMENTS |
| 188 | 9.3 INDOOR SOUND MEASUREMENTS |
| 190 | FIGURE 9-4 POSITION OF SOUND LEVEL METER FOR MEASURING SOUND LEVELS |
| 191 | 9.4 OUTDOOR SOUND MEASUREMENTS |
| 195 | CHAPTER 10 VIBRATION INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENTS 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10.2 VIBRATION MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION |
| 198 | FIGURE 10-1 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE STUD-MOUNTED ACCELEROMETER WITH OIL FILM RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT FIGURE 10-2 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE CEMENT-MOUNTED ACCELEROMETER RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT FIGURE 10-3 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE ACCELEROMETER MOUNTED BY DOUBLE-SIDED ADHESIVE TAPE RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT FIGURE 10-4 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE ACCELEROMETER MOUNTED WITH A THIN LAYER OF BEESWAX RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT FIGURE 10-5 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE MAGNETICALLY MOUNTED ACCELEROMETER RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT FIGURE 10-6 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE ACCELEROMETER ATTACHED TO A HAND-HELD PROBE RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT THE CONTACT POINT |
| 199 | 10.3 INDOOR VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS 10.4 LOCATIONS FOR THE VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 10-7 POSITIONS AND DIRECTIONS OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENT ON MOTOR AND SHAFT BEARINGS |
| 200 | 10.5 VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS 10.6 ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 10-8 LOCATIONS OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS ON STRUCTURAL MACHINE BASES FIGURE 10-9 LOCATIONS OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS ON INERTIA MACHINE BASES |
| 201 | 10.7 REPORT |
| 205 | REFERENCES |
| 211 | GLOSSARY |
| 217 | INDEX |
