This document applies to

—    instant delivery, which generally applies to the retail, catering and medical sectors (including online food delivery, grocery delivery and medical supplies delivery); and

—    last-mile delivery with intermediate transfer, which generally applies to express and e-commerce fields (referring to the last-mile delivery of parcels).

This document does not apply to cold chain logistics.

This document applies to virtual kitchen operators and is also intended to serve as a reference for other stakeholders, such as virtual restaurants.

This document also highlights issues that need to be considered when interpreting the turnover and retention data, especially when deciding on the appropriate intervention internally and when reporting this to external stakeholders (e.g. regulators, investors).

It provides guidance for determining the:

— effective number of continuous monitoring stations in the drinking water distribution network;

— location of monitoring stations in the drinking water distribution network;

— types of operational and drinking water quality parameter measuring devices (MDs) that can be installed in a continuous monitoring station;

— quality control, maintenance and calibration requirements of the continuous monitoring system.

This document excludes guidance on the design, structure, number and type of MDs to be installed in a continuous monitoring system.

The following subjects are within the scope of this document:

— publicly and privately owned and operated water utilities. It does not favour any particular ownership or operating model;

— all aspects of the drinking water system and the wastewater system;

— all causes of abnormal changes in water and/or wastewater service provision capable of detection by monitoring systems including accidents, unexpected operational changes, natural hazards and intentional disruption.

This document is independent of the measurement methods used to collect the data.

The document focuses on events which could imminently affect the water utility's interested parties.

The following are outside the scope of this document:

— methods of design and construction of drinking water and wastewater systems;

— plumbing and drainage systems not under the control of the water utility.

This document does not include details about action taken as a result of event detection. For such details see ISO 24518 and EN 15975 Part 1.

ISO/TS 24520:2017 is applicable to all water utilities, of whatever size, whether public or private, that wish to review the effectiveness and efficiency of their service activities relating to preparation for, response to and recovery from a crisis.