?u= Sat, 26 Oct 2024 08:07:06 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7.1 ?u=/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-icon-150x150.png ?u= 32 32 ?u=/product/publishers/fema/fema-technicalbulletin-7-2022/ Sun, 20 Oct 2024 04:20:51 +0000 NFIP Technical Bulletin 7: Wet Floodproofing Requirements and Limitations For Buildings and Structures Located in Special Flood Hazard Areas in Accordance with the National Flood Insurance Program

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2022	42

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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
4	Table of Contents
6	Acronyms
7	1. Introduction 1.1. Definition of Floodproofing
9	1.2. Limitations on the Use of Wet Floodproofing
10	1.3. Construction Requirements for Wet Floodproofing
11	2. NFIP Regulations and FEMA Policy 2.1. NFIP Regulations
12	2.2. FEMA Policy
13	3. Building Codes and Standards
14	3.1. International Residential Code
17	3.2. International Building Code and ASCE 24
19	3.3. International Existing Building Code
21	4. NFIP Flood Insurance Implications 5. Options for Communities to Authorize Wet Floodproofing
22	5.1. When Wet Floodproofing May Be Authorized by Permit 5.1.1. Enclosures Below Elevated Buildings
23	5.1.2. Attached Garages 5.1.3. Non-Elevated Accessory Structures 5.2. When Wet Floodproofing Must Be Authorized by Variance
24	5.2.1. Allowable Variances Identified in 44 CFR § 60.6 Historic Structures
25	Functionally Dependent Uses 5.2.2. Allowable Variances Not Identified in 44 CFR § 60.6 Accessory Structures Larger than Specified Size Limits
26	Certain Agricultural Structures 5.3. Community-Wide Exception
27	5.4. Implications for NFIP Community Rating System Communities That Approve Wet Floodproofing 6. Planning Considerations
28	6.1. Flood Hazards and Site Conditions 6.1.1. Location in Mapped Floodway 6.1.2. Depth of Flooding 6.1.3. Rate of Floodwater Rise and Fall 6.1.4. Frequency of Flooding
29	6.1.5. Duration of Flooding 6.1.6. Presence of Ice 6.1.7. Flood-Borne Contaminants 6.2. Flood Warning Time
30	6.3. Functional Use of Wet Floodproofed Areas 6.4. Safety and Access as Flooding Threatens 6.5. Recommended Plans
31	6.5.1. Flood Emergency Operations Plans 6.5.2. Inspection and Maintenance Plans
32	7. Design Requirements 7.1. Foundations 7.2. Flood Openings
33	7.3. Wall Construction 7.3.1. Solid Walls 7.3.2. Cavity Walls
34	7.4. Flood Damage-Resistant Materials 7.5. Protection of Mechanical, Plumbing, and Electrical Systems
35	7.5.1. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7.5.2. Electrical Systems
36	7.6. Fuel, Gas, and Liquid Storage Tanks 8. Retrofit Measures When NFIP Compliance Is Not Required
37	8.1. Relocation or Elevation of Machinery and Equipment
38	8.2. Component Protection of Machinery and Equipment 8.3. Interior Drain Systems
39	8.4. Dry Floodproofing 8.5. Other Considerations
40	9. Suggested Best Practices
41	10. References

]]> ?u=/product/publishers/fema/fema-recommendedfutureissues-2021/ Sun, 20 Oct 2024 04:20:50 +0000 Recommended Future Issues and Research Needs Identified During the Development of the 2020 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions for New Buildings and Other Structures

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2021

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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Recommended Future Issues and Research Needs
4	Table of Contents
7	Introduction
9	Overarching Items 1. Future Provisions Issues:
10	2. Research Needs:
11	NEHRP Provisions Chapter 1 – General 1. Future Provisions Issues: 2. Research Needs:
13	ASCE 7 Chapter 11 – Seismic Design Criteria 1. Future Provisions Issues:
14	2. Research Needs:
15	ASCE 7 Chapter 12 – Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures 1. Future Provisions Issues:
19	2. Research Needs:
24	ASCE 7 Chapter 13 – Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Components
25	1. Future Provisions Issues: 2. Research Needs:
27	ASCE 7 Chapter 14 – Material Specific Seismic Design and Detailing Requirements 1. Steel 2. Concrete
29	3. Masonry
31	4. Wood
34	ASCE 7 Chapter 15 – Seismic Design Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures 1. Future Provisions Issues: 2. Research Needs:
35	ASCE 7 Chapter 16 – Nonlinear response History Analysis 1. Future Provisions Issues: 2. Research Needs:
36	ASCE 7 Chapter 19 – Soil-Structure Interaction for Seismic Design 1. Future Provisions Issues: 2. Research Needs:
38	ASCE 7 Chapter 20 – Site Classification Procedure for Seismic Design 1. Future Provisions Issues: 2. Research Needs:
39	ASCE 7 Chapter 21 – Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures for Seismic Design 1. Future Provisions Issues: 2. Research Needs:
40	ASCE 7 Chapter 22 – Seismic Ground Motion and Long-Period Transition Maps 1. Future Provisions Issues: 2. Research Needs:
41	Quality Assurance Provisions 1. Future Provisions Issues: 2. Research Needs:
42	FEMA P-695 and P-795 1. Future Provisions Issues: 2. Research Needs:
44	Appendix A. Presentation on Future PUC Issues and Research Needs at BSSC Symposium on the 2020 NEHRP Provisions, March 3, 2021
74	Appendix B. Other comments and suggestions by BSSC member originations
82	Appendix C. BSSC Council Meeting and Symposium on 2020 NEHRP Provisions (FEMA P-2082), Question and Answer Report

]]> ?u=/product/publishers/fema/fema-p-2181-2022/ Sun, 20 Oct 2024 04:20:50 +0000 FEMA P-2181: Hurricane and Flood Mitigation Handbook for Public Facilities, March 2022

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2022

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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
44	Fact Sheet 1.0: Roads Hurricane and Flood Impacts Mitigation Fact Sheets Fact Sheet 1.0: Roads Hurricane and Flood Impacts Mitigation Fact Sheets
45	Figure 1.0.1. Road System Components.
46	Mitigation Solutions Mitigation Solutions
47	Icons Icons Table 1.0.1. Icons Used to Represent Considerations about Hazard Mitigation Strategies
49	Fact Sheet 1.1: Road and Highway Surfaces Fact Sheet 1.1: Road and Highway Surfaces Table 1.1.1. Common Mitigation Solutions
50	Mitigation Solution: Stabilize Roadway Mitigation Solution: Stabilize Roadway
51	Figure 1.1.1. Reshaping the roadway can improve drainage and decrease flood impacts.
52	Figure 1.1.2. Geosynthetics can be used to improve drainage and subgrade strength.
53	Figure 1.1.3. Geotextiles that do not drain well can be hydraulically connected to a drain.
54	Mitigation Solution: Reduce Flood Hazard on Roadway Mitigation Solution: Reduce Flood Hazard on Roadway Figure 1.1.4. Increasing the roadway elevation above the base flood elevation
55	Figure 1.1.5. Relocating the roadway away from the flood source can help protect the road from flooding.
56	Figure 1.1.6. Permeable pavement includes pavers, permeable concrete, and permeable asphalt (USGS, 2018).
57	Mitigation Solution: Reduce Frost Heave Mitigation Solution: Reduce Frost Heave Figure 1.1.7. “Rock caps” can improve both drainage and structural stability of roads susceptible to frost heaves (Yu and Beck, 2009).
58	Figure 1.1.8. A capillary barrier can help prevent surfaces from frost heaving (Roberson et al., 2006).
59	Figure 1.1.9. Improve subgrade soils by injecting a polymer into the soil to fill voids (Source: Fakhar and Asmaniza, 2016).
62	Fact Sheet 1.2: Road Shoulders and Embankments Fact Sheet 1.2: Road Shoulders and Embankments
63	Table 1.2.1. Common Mitigation Solutions for Road Shoulders and Embankments
64	Mitigation Solution: Protect Shoulders Mitigation Solution: Protect Shoulders
65	Figure 1.2.1. Geosynthetics can be used to stabilize roadways.
66	Mitigation Solution: Protect Embankment Slopes Mitigation Solution: Protect Embankment Slopes Figure 1.2.2. Riprap can help reduce erosion of roadway slopes adjacent to streams.
67	Figure 1.2.3. Bioengineered slopes can protect against erosion.
68	Figure 1.2.4. Spillways can concentrate flows at selected locations to help control erosion.
69	Figure 1.2.5. A wall constructed of gabion baskets protects the toe of the slope.
70	Figure 1.2.6. Changing slope geometry to a more gradual slope can reduce erosion.
72	Fact Sheet 1.3: Drainage and Culverts Fact Sheet 1.3: Drainage and Culverts
73	Table 1.3.1. Road Culvert and Drainage Mitigation Solutions
74	Figure 1.3.1. Components of a culvert.
75	Mitigation Solution: Increase Design Capacity Mitigation Solution: Increase Design Capacity Figure 1.3.2. Alternative stream crossing designs.
76	Figure 1.3.3. Increasing ditch capacity can help protect against overland flooding.
77	Figure 1.3.4. An arch culvert or a box culvert can provide increased flow capacity. Figure 1.3.5. Replacing a culvert with a bridge can protect the stream bed and the road.
78	Figure 1.3.6. Installing multiple culverts can increase flow capacity.
79	Mitigation Solution: Reduce Embankment Erosion Mitigation Solution: Reduce Embankment Erosion Figure 1.3.7. Shaping the culvert entrance can reduce erosion at the intake.
80	Figure 1.3.8. A cutoff wall can reduce undermining. Figure 1.3.9. Wingwalls, headwalls and endwalls can protect embankment slopes.
81	Figure 1.3.10. Ditch lining can reduce erosion and improve flow capacity.
82	Figure 1.3.11. Check dams help slow water and decrease scouring.
83	Figure 1.3.12. Energy dissipaters can be installed at culvert discharges to decrease erosion and scour.
84	Mitigation Solution: Improve Alignment Mitigation Solution: Improve Alignment Figure 1.3.13. Realigning the culvert to the stream centerline can reduce damage to the culvert.
85	Figure 1.3.14. Approach berms can direct flow away from embankments.
86	Figure 1.3.15. Flow diverters can realign the stream channel.
87	Figure 1.3.16. Installing additional culverts can reduce velocity and clogging.
88	Figure 1.3.17. Realigning the stream can protect embankments.
89	Mitigation Solution: Reduce Obstructions Mitigation Solution: Reduce Obstructions Figure 1.3.18. A debris barrier can protect a culvert from damage.
90	Figure 1.3.19. A sediment basin can help settle suspended sediment and decrease culvert clogging potential.
91	Figure 1.3.20. Install a relief culvert as a second route for floodwaters if the main culvert gets clogged.
92	Mitigation Solution: Relocate or Replace with Water Crossing Mitigation Solution: Relocate or Replace with Water Crossing Figure 1.3.21. A low-water crossing in place of a culvert will accommodate flows during emergency events.
93	Figure 1.3.22. Installing an overflow section in the roadway can accommodate stream overflows.
96	Fact Sheet 1.4: Bridges Fact Sheet 1.4: Bridges Figure 1.4.1. Basic bridge structure.
97	Table 1.4.1. Common Mitigation Solutions for Various Types of Bridge Damage
98	Mitigation Solution: Improve Flow Under the Bridge Crossing Mitigation Solution: Improve Flow Under the Bridge Crossing Figure 1.4.2. Reducing the number of spans can increase the flow amount under the bridge. In this figure, the dashed piers would be removed to accomplish this.
99	Figure 1.4.3. Increasing the size of a bridge opening by raising the bridge deck can increase flow volume under the bridge.
100	Figure 1.4.4. Lengthening a bridge can provide additional overflow capacity beneath the bridge.
101	Figure 1.4.5. Building a relief opening can help prevent flooding of bridges.
102	Figure 1.4.6. Low water crossings can be cost effective in areas with low traffic where flooding is seasonal.
103	Mitigation Solution: Construct Erosion and Scour Countermeasures Mitigation Solution: Construct Erosion and Scour Countermeasures Figure 1.4.7. Riprap can protect bridge piers and abutments against erosion and scour.
104	Figure 1.4.8. Wingwalls can help direct the flow of water and prevent erosion and scour at the bridge.
105	Figure 1.4.9. Spur dikes can direct flood flows, reducing erosion and scour around bridges.
106	Figure 1.4.10. Realigning piers and abutments can decrease the damage from erosion and scour.
107	Figure 1.4.11. Increasing footing depth can protect bridge foundations against scour.
108	Figure 1.4.12. Installing flow deflectors immediately upstream of bridge piers can help protect them against scour.
109	Mitigation Solution: Reduce Debris Damage Mitigation Solution: Reduce Debris Damage Figure 1.4.13. Debris deflectors can protect bridge piers and abutments from impact damages and debris accumulation.
110	Figure 1.4.14. Endnoses installed on the upstream end of piers (shown by red arrows) can protect piers from debris impacts.
111	Figure 1.4.15. Steel plate batters protect piers from the impact of floating debris.
112	Figure 1.4.16. Replace a multiple timber pier structure with a concrete column to protect against debris impact.
113	Figure 1.4.17. Replacing a solid deck with an open deck can reduce trapped debris.
114	Figure 1.4.18. Debris catchments trap debris before it reaches bridge piers and abutments.
115	Figure 1.4.19. A debris sweeper can be attached directly to a pier to deflect debris (FHWA, 2005). Figure 1.4.20. Pile-mounted debris sweepers can effectively direct debris away from bridge piers (FHWA, 2005).
116	Mitigation Solution: Relocate the Bridge Mitigation Solution: Relocate the Bridge
118	Fact Sheet 1.5: Roadway Lights, Poles, and Signage Fact Sheet 1.5: Roadway Lights, Poles, and Signage Table 1.5.1. Common Mitigation Strategies for Various Types of Damage
119	Mitigation Solution: Traffic Signal Controllers Mitigation Solution: Traffic Signal Controllers Figure 1.5.1. Elevating signal controller cabinets protects them against flooding.
121	Mitigation Solution: Traffic Signal Support Structures and Luminaires Mitigation Solution: Traffic Signal Support Structures and Luminaires Figure 1.5.2. Mast arm poles protect traffic signals against wind damage.
123	Figure 1.5.3. Vibration dampers can protect poles and signals against wind vibration damage.
124	Mitigation Solution: Roadway Sign Support Structures Mitigation Solution: Roadway Sign Support Structures
125	Figure 1.5.4. Increase sign connectors and pole embedment depth. Left image is before mitigation occurs. Right image is after mitigation occurs.
126	Figure 1.5.5. Helical anchors can be used as foundation support for street signs and light poles.
128	Fact Sheet 2.0: Water Control Facilities Hurricane and Flood Mitigation Mitigation Fact Sheets Fact Sheet 2.0: Water Control Facilities Hurricane and Flood Mitigation Mitigation Fact Sheets
129	Figure 2.0.1. Channels, aqueducts and canals collect, carry, and distribute water. Figure 2.0.2. Basins are in-ground structures used to hold water.
130	Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Strategies Figure 2.0.3. Dams are used to retain and control the flow of water.
131	Icons Icons Table 2.0.1. Icons Used to Represent Considerations about Hazard Mitigation Strategies
136	Fact Sheet 2.1: Channels, Aqueducts, and Canals Fact Sheet 2.1: Channels, Aqueducts, and Canals Table 2.1.1. Channel, Aqueduct and Canal Mitigation Solution
138	Mitigation Solution: Armor Channels and Canals Mitigation Solution: Armor Channels and Canals Figure 2.1.1. Concrete lining of a channel.
139	Mitigation Solution: Stabilize Channels and Canals Mitigation Solution: Stabilize Channels and Canals Figure 2.1.2. Typical ACB cross-section. Figure 2.1.3. Typical cross-section of slope protection.
140	Mitigation Solution: Lessen the Energy of Flood Flow Mitigation Solution: Lessen the Energy of Flood Flow Figure 2.1.4. Energy dissipators such as stone drop structures can help slow themovement of water to decrease erosion and scour.
141	Mitigation Solution: Prevent Pipe and Tunnel Issues Mitigation Solution: Prevent Pipe and Tunnel Issues
144	Fact Sheet 2.2: Basins Stormwater Basins Fact Sheet 2.2: Basins Stormwater Basins Table 2.2.1. Basin Mitigation Solutions
145	Bioretention Areas Bioretention Areas Figure 2.2.1. Typical stormwater basin cut.
146	Dry Swales Dry Swales Figure 2.2.2. Typical bioretention facility.
147	Wet Ponds Wet Ponds Figure 2.2.3. Typical dry swale with check dams.
148	Figure 2.2.4. Wet pond plan view. Figure 2.2.5. Wet pond section view.
149	Extended Detention Ponds Extended Detention Ponds Figure 2.2.6. Extended Detention Pond.
150	Mitigation Solutions Mitigation Solutions
154	Fact Sheet 2.3: Mitigation of Dams and Reservoirs Dam Hazard Potential Classifications Fact Sheet 2.3: Mitigation of Dams and Reservoirs Dam Hazard Potential Classifications
155	Figure 2.3.1. This dam is considered low hazard potential because, if it failed, it would only impact the forest around it. Figure 2.3.2. This dam is considered high hazard potential because its failure would impact the community directly downstream and could result in loss of life and property.
156	Table 2.3.1. Common Mitigation Solutions for Dams and Reservoirs
158	Importance of Emergency Planning for Dams Importance of Emergency Planning for Dams
160	Mitigation Solution: Improve Stability Mitigation Solution: Improve Stability Figure 2.3.3. Example of failed downstream slope. Figure 2.3.4. Use of compacted fill to reduce the downstream slope angle.
162	Figure 2.3.5. Buttressing can give additional stability to embankment dams.
163	Figure 2.3.6. Anchoring can give resistance to overturning and sliding.
164	Mitigation Solution: Increase Spillway Capacity Mitigation Solution: Increase Spillway Capacity
165	Figure 2.3.7. To increase spillway capacity, widen an existing spillway or build a second spillway.
166	Mitigation Solution: Increase Temporary Storage Capacity Mitigation Solution: Increase Temporary Storage Capacity
167	Figure 2.3.8. Raising the height of a dam can increase temporary flood storage capacity.
169	Mitigation Solution: Control Surface Erosion Mitigation Solution: Control Surface Erosion Figure 2.3.9. Wave action can erode the upstream slope of a dam.
170	Figure 2.3.10. Initial embankment overtopping can lead to a complete overflow. Figure 2.3.11. Headcut erosion could lead to an accidental release from the impoundment.
171	Figure 2.3.12. Riprap layouts can be designed to protect against wave action.(Source: NRCS, 1983) Figure 2.3.13. Riprap blankets can protect against wave action. (Source: USFWS, 2008)
172	Figure 2.3.14. ACBs (left) and RCC (right) can protect spillways from overtopping erosion.
173	Figure 2.3.15. A parapet wall can give additional freeboard to protect against wave overtopping.
174	Figure 2.3.16. Cutoff walls can improve the stability of some unarmored auxiliary spillways.
175	Mitigation Solution: Reduce Seepage and Internal Erosion Mitigation Solution: Reduce Seepage and Internal Erosion Figure 2.3.17. Blanket drains increase seepage flow paths and reduce the risk of seepage-related piping.
176	Figure 2.3.18. Filter diaphragms can prevent seepage around conduits.
177	Figure 2.3.19. Reverse filters can be used to address sinkholes.
178	Figure 2.3.20. Seepage cutoff walls can be achieved through deep soil mixing.
179	Figure 2.3.21. Plan view of a secant pile wall.
180	Mitigation Solution: Address Foundation Issues Mitigation Solution: Address Foundation Issues Figure 2.3.22. Plan and profile of a grout curtain design.
181	Figure 2.3.23. Foundation cutoff walls can help control seepage through a dam foundation.
185	3.X: Fact Sheet Series Number [X.X.X] Fact Sheet 3.0: Buildings, Systems and Equipment Hurricane and Flood Impacts Mitigation Fact Sheets Fact Sheet 3.0: Buildings, Systems and Equipment Hurricane and Flood Impacts Mitigation Fact Sheets
186	Mitigation Solutions Mitigation Solutions Figure 3.0.1. Small public building elements (before mitigation). Figure 3.0.2. Large public building elements (before mitigation).
189	Figure 3.0.3. Large public building elements with primary electrical system components mitigated.
190	Figure 3.0.4. Flood risk for large public building reduced by relocating primary HVAC components from a subgrade basement level to a higher floor.
191	Icons Icons Table 3.0.1. Icons Used to Represent Considerations about Hazard Mitigation Strategies
194	Fact Sheet 3.1: Foundations Fact Sheet 3.1: Foundations
195	Figure 3.1.1. Foundation characteristics.
196	Table 3.1.1. Common Mitigation Solutions
197	Mitigation Solution�: Relocate Mitigation Solution�: Relocate Figure 3.1.2. Relocation of a small flood-prone public building.
199	Mitigation Solution�: Elevate Mitigation Solution�: Elevate
200	Figure 3.1.3. Elevation of small public building on piles in coastal flood zone.
201	Figure 3.1.4. Abandoning the lowest floor can elevate usable space above the BFE.
202	Figure 3.1.5. Constructing a raised floor or filling in a basement can elevate occupied space above the BFE.
203	Mitigation Solution�: Floodproof Mitigation Solution�: Floodproof Figure 3.1.6. Wet floodproofing opening retrofit diagram for a small public building.
204	Figure 3.1.7. Dry floodproofing sealants diagram for a portion of a building.
205	Figure 3.1.8. Dry floodproofing sealants and secondary drainage diagram.
207	Mitigation Solution�: Retrofit the Structure Mitigation Solution�: Retrofit the Structure Figure 3.1.9. Grouted micropile (left) and helical pile (right) can strengthen existing building foundations.
208	Figure 3.1.10. Improve connections—select approaches to address minor wood pile-to-beam misalignments.
212	Fact Sheet 3.2: Wall Systems and Openings Fact Sheet 3.2: Wall Systems and Openings
213	Table 3.2.1. Wall Systems and Openings Mitigation Solutions
214	Mitigation Solution�: For Wall Systems Mitigation Solution�: For Wall Systems Figure 3.2.1. Connectors help create an adequate building load path.
216	Figure 3.2.2. Features of typical high-wind siding and standard siding.
217	Mitigation Solution: For Door Openings Mitigation Solution: For Door Openings Figure 3.2.3. Examples of weather stripping (far left and center left) and drip protection (center right and far right) to prevent wind-driven rain entry at doors.
218	Figure 3.2.4. Examples of hinged (left) and lift out (right) flood shields with gaskets at entry doors. Some flood shields are automatic while others must be placed manually.
220	Figure 3.2.5. Recommended details for upgrading garage doors.
222	Mitigation Solutions: For Window Openings Mitigation Solutions: For Window Openings Figure 3.2.6. Use screw anchors to fasten window frames directly to concrete.
223	Figure 3.2.7. Connection of wall sheathing to window header (left) and window header to exterior wall (right) as part of a wall framing system.
224	Figure 3.2.8. Examples of storm shutter styles.
227	Fact Sheet 3.3.1: Roof Systems—Sloped Roofs Fact Sheet 3.3.1: Roof Systems—Sloped Roofs Figure 3.3.1.1. Basic elements of typical sloped roofs featuring gable-end roof system (top) and hip roof system (bottom).
229	Table 3.3.1.1. Mitigation Solutions for Sloped-Roof Systems
230	Mitigation Solution: Strengthen or Improve Mitigation Solution: Strengthen or Improve
231	Figure 3.3.1.2. Conceptual gable end retrofit without overhangs.
232	Figure 3.3.1.3. Conceptual gable end retrofit with overhangs.
233	Figure 3.3.1.4. Examples of proper roof connectors and fasteners for a wood-framed truss.
235	Figure 3.3.1.5. Examples of proper sheathing panel layouts for gable-end roof (top) and hip roofs (bottom)
236	Figure 3.3.1.6. Strong underlayment installation details applied to asphalt shingle roof sheathing in high-wind regions.
237	Figure 3.3.1.7. Proper and improper locations of shingle fasteners. Figure 3.3.1.8. The Dos and Don’ts of driving roof nails through asphalt shingles.
239	Figure 3.3.1.9. Improving soffits can decrease wind damage to sloped roofs.
240	Figure 3.3.1.10. Sheet metal straps (circled) attached to an existing gutter to increase wind uplift resistance.
242	Mitigation Solution: Add or Increase Mitigation Solution: Add or Increase
243	Mitigation Solution: Secure or Eliminate Mitigation Solution: Secure or Eliminate
245	Figure 3.3.1.11. Protecting gable end vents using shutters (left) and sealing gable rake vents using metal plugs as indicated by red arrows (right).
247	Fact Sheet 3.3.2: Roof Systems—Low‑Slope Roofs Fact Sheet 3.3.2: Roof Systems—Low‑Slope Roofs Figure 3.3.2.1. Basic components of typical low-slope roofs featuring overhangs (left) and parapet walls (right).
249	Table 3.3.2.1. Mitigation Solutions for Low Slope Roof Systems
250	Mitigation Solution: Secure or Eliminate Mitigation Solution: Secure or Eliminate
252	Mitigation Solution: Add or Increase Mitigation Solution: Add or Increase Figure 3.3.2.2. Condenser bolted down to concrete curb (blue arrows) with tie-down cables (red arrows), but the lightning protection system is no longer secured by its connector (green arrow).
254	Mitigation Solution: Strengthen or Improve Mitigation Solution: Strengthen or Improve
256	Figure 3.3.2.3. Both vertical faces of coping were attached with exposed fasteners (¼-inch diameter stainless steel fasteners spaced 12” on center) instead of concealed cleatsfollowing Typhoon Paka (1997) in Guam to prevent the flashing from tearing in
257	Figure 3.3.2.4. Sheet metal straps (circled) attached to an existing gutter to increase wind uplift resistance.
258	Figure 3.3.2.5. Rooftop periodic gas line supports using a steel angle welded to a pipe that was anchored to the roof deck for lateral and uplift resistance (left). Use of intermittent membrane flashing to secure a lightning protection system conductor
260	Mitigation Solution: Upgrade Mitigation Solution: Upgrade
262	Fact Sheet 3.4.1: Building Utility Systems—Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Fact Sheet 3.4.1: Building Utility Systems—Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
263	Key Terms and Definitions Key Terms and Definitions Figure 3.4.1.1. Basic components of a large public building fluid-based HVAC system. Note HVAC components on upper floors are not shown in this simplified graphic. Figure 3.4.1.2. Basic components of a small public building supplied by two forced-air HVAC systems.
264	Table 3.4.1.1. Common HVAC System Mitigation Solutions
265	Mitigation Solution: Elevate or Relocate Mitigation Solution: Elevate or Relocate Figure 3.4.1.3. Elevation of indoor and outdoor HVAC components on platforms above flood protection level for small public building.
266	Figure 3.4.1.4. Elevation of indoor HVAC components from basement to first floor above flood protection level for large public building, with outdoor HVAC components relocated to the rooftop.
267	Mitigation Solution: Dry Floodproof Mitigation Solution: Dry Floodproof Figure 3.4.1.5. Dry floodproofing with a watertight wall and access gate can be used to protect HVAC and plumbing equipment (left); alternate dry floodproofing protective enclosures for protecting equipment (right).
269	Mitigation Solution: Wet Floodproof Mitigation Solution: Wet Floodproof
271	Fact Sheet 3.4.2: Building Utility Systems—Electrical Fact Sheet 3.4.2: Building Utility Systems—Electrical
272	Figure 3.4.2.1. Typical small public building electrical system components with an onsite standby or emergency generator. Figure 3.4.2.2. Simplified diagram showing primary components of a large public building electrical system with standby generator (before mitigation).
273	Table 3.4.2.1. Common Electrical System Mitigation Solutions
274	Mitigation Solution: Elevate or Relocate Mitigation Solution: Elevate or Relocate Figure 3.4.2.3. Simplified diagram showing elevation of main and standby power components on elevated platforms above flood protection level for large public building.
275	Figure 3.4.2.4. Combination meter socket and circuit breaker service disconnect (circled in red) used to allow the main panel to be elevated and protected from flooding when the meter (circled in yellow) cannot be moved.
276	Mitigation Solution: Dry Floodproof Mitigation Solution: Dry Floodproof
278	Fact Sheet 3.4.3: Building Utility Systems—Plumbing Fact Sheet 3.4.3: Building Utility Systems—Plumbing
279	Figure 3.4.3.1. Typical small public building drinking water plumbing system components served by the public water system. Figure 3.4.3.2. Typical small public building wastewater DWV system components served by the public sanitary sewer system.
280	Figure 3.4.3.3. Alternative small public building drinking water plumbing system components supplied by a well. Figure 3.4.3.4. Alternative small public wastewater DWV system components served by onsite waste disposal (septic).
281	Figure 3.4.3.5. Simplified large public building drinking water plumbing, wastewater DWV, and fire suppression system components with utilities supplied by public water and sanitary sewer. Figure 3.4.3.6. Typical small public building liquid fuel system.
282	Figure 3.4.3.7. Typical small public building flammable gas system liquid propane (LP) with tank and pressure regulator (left side); natural gas (NG) with meter (right side). Figure 3.4.3.8. Typical large public building supplied with liquid fuel (LP) or flammable gas (NG) systems.
283	Table 3.4.3.1. Common Plumbing System Mitigation Solutions
284	Mitigation Solution: Elevate or Relocate Mitigation Solution: Elevate or Relocate Figure 3.4.3.9. Elevation of primary plumbing system components to the upper floor of an existing small public building.
285	Figure 3.4.3.10. Elevation of primary fuel system components on pedestals for a small public building. Figure 3.4.3.11. Outdoor fuel tank elevated on supporting frame (left); fuel tank elevated on structural fill (right).
287	Mitigation Solution: Seal or Isolate Mitigation Solution: Seal or Isolate Figure 3.4.3.12. Backflow protection valves including a combination check valve and gate valve (left) and floor drain with ball float valve (right).
288	Figure 3.4.3.13. Protection of private well using a sanitary well cap (left) or concrete well cap (middle), and protection of septic tank with lids and gasketed access covers, concrete risers and riser caps (right).
289	Mitigation Solution: Secure Mitigation Solution: Secure Figure 3.4.3.14. Secure and seal underground tanks to protect them from flood damage.
291	Mitigation Solution: Dry Floodproof Mitigation Solution: Dry Floodproof
293	Fact Sheet 3.4.4: Building Utility Systems—Conveyances Fact Sheet 3.4.4: Building Utility Systems—Conveyances
294	Figure 3.4.4.1. Typical elements of hydraulic elevators common in low-rise construction (left) and traction elevators common in high-rise construction (right). (Source: Otis Elevator Company)
295	Figure 3.4.4.2. Typical elements of escalators used in some large public buildings. (Source: Otis Elevator Company) Table 3.4.4.1. Common Mitigation Solutions for Conveyance Systems
296	Mitigation Solution: Protect Mitigation Solution: Protect
297	Figure 3.4.4.3. Float switch in pit to stop cab descent. (Source: Otis Elevator Company)
299	Figure 3.4.4.4. Inclined (left) and vertical (right) platform lifts move people between floors of a building. (U.S. Access Board, 2015)
301	Public Utilities Fact Sheet 4.0: Public Utilities Hurricane and Flood Impacts Mitigation Fact Sheets Fact Sheet 4.0: Public Utilities Hurricane and Flood Impacts Mitigation Fact Sheets
302	Mitigation Solutions Mitigation Solutions
303	Icons Icons Table 4.0.1. Icons Used to Represent Considerations about Hazard Mitigation Strategies
306	Fact Sheet 4.1: Drinking Water Systems Fact Sheet 4.1: Drinking Water Systems
307	Figure 4.1.1. The typical water treatment process has opportunities for hazard mitigation.(Source: City of Rockville, Maryland, 2012)
308	Table 4.1.1. Common Mitigation Solutions for Drinking Water Systems
309	Mitigation Solution: For Water Intake, Distribution and Storage Mitigation Solution: For Water Intake, Distribution and Storage
311	Mitigation Solution: For Drinking Water Treatment Facilities Mitigation Solution: For Drinking Water Treatment Facilities
312	Figure 4.1.2. Constructing a floodwall around a water treatment plant can protect buildings and equipment from flood damage. (Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2013)
313	Mitigation Solution: For Booster Stations and Other Pumps Figure 4.1.3. Installing an emergency backup generator can provide power to help a water treatment plant continue to operate during a flood. (Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2014)
314	Mitigation Solution: For Booster Stations and Other Pumps
315	Mitigation Solution: For Chemical and Fuel Storage Tanks Figure 4.1.4. Water-tight doors can be used to protect pumps and other equipment in pump houses and booster stations.
316	Mitigation Solution: For Chemical and Fuel Storage Tanks
317	Figure 4.1.5. Secure tanks with non-corrosive straps to prevent flotation. (Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2014)
318	Mitigation Solution: For Instrumentation and Electrical Controls Mitigation Solution: For Instrumentation and Electrical Controls Figure 4.1.6. Elevating instrumentation can protect it from flood damage.(Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2014)
320	Mitigation Solution: For Power Supplies Mitigation Solution: For Power Supplies
321	Figure 4.1.7. Microgrids can provide power to a facility to reduce its dependence on the main electrical grid. (Source: Sandia National Laboratories, 2020)
323	Fact Sheet 4.2: Wastewater Treatment Systems Fact Sheet 4.2: Wastewater Treatment Systems Table 4.2.1. Common Wastewater Treatment System Mitigation Solutions
325	Mitigation Solution: For Lift Stations Mitigation Solution: For Lift Stations Figure 4.2.1. Extend vent pipes and electrical controls above the flood elevation at lift stations.
328	Mitigation Solution: For Headworks Mitigation Solution: For Headworks
330	Mitigation Solution: For Wastewater Treatment Plants Mitigation Solution: For Wastewater Treatment Plants
331	Figure 4.2.2. Constructing a flood wall that extends above the 500-year flood elevation can help protect a wastewater treatment plant from flood damage. The blue lines indicate the approximate location of the planned floodwall for this treatment facilit
333	Mitigation Solution: For Chemical and Fuel Supplies Mitigation Solution: For Chemical and Fuel Supplies
334	Figure 4.2.3. Raise tanks above the 500-year flood elevation and secure them with non-corrosive hardware to keep them from floating.
336	Mitigation Solution: For Instrumentation and Electrical Controls Mitigation Solution: For Instrumentation and Electrical Controls Figure 4.2.4. Elevating instrumentation can protect it from damage during flooding. (Source: U.S. EPA, 2014)
338	Mitigation Solution: For Power Supplies Mitigation Solution: For Power Supplies
339	Figure 4.2.5. Installing renewable energy resources like solar panels can provide a standby source of power for wastewater treatment facilities. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory [NREL], 2017)
341	Fact Sheet 4.3: Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Fact Sheet 4.3: Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Table 4.3.1. Common Mitigation Solutions for Electric Power Systems
343	Mitigation Solution: For Transmission and Distribution Mitigation Solution: For Transmission and Distribution Figure 4.3.1. Cross-section of conductor types.
344	Figure 4.3.2. Dampers and detuners can help mitigate against gallop.
345	Figure 4.3.3. Interphase spacers can be used to help mitigate conductor gallop. (Source: INMR, 2021)
346	Figure 4.3.4. An armless composite utility pole helps mitigate against wind damage. (Source: Ramon Velasquez, 2013)
347	Figure 4.3.5. Typical utility pole with multiple guy wires and anchors. Figure 4.3.6. Poles can be directly embedded in the ground deep enough to help prevent overturning, then backfilled with materials that can help increase foundation stability. (Source: Yenumula et al., 2017)
349	Figure 4.3.7. Comparison of loop-fed line versus radial-fed line systems. (Source: Bharti, 2015)
350	Figure 4.3.8. Installation of underground power lines.
351	Mitigation Solution: For Substations Mitigation Solution: For Substations Figure 4.3.9. Elevating a control house in coastal areas can protect it against damage from storm surge and flooding. (Source: Modular Connections, 2020)
352	Figure 4.3.10. The existing battery bank can be modified or augmented to provide additional backup power to the substation. (Source: OSHA, No Date)
353	Figure 4.3.11. Indoor gas-insulated switchgears can be used in environments where water can penetrate the control house. (Source: Siemens Energy, 2021)
354	Mitigation Solution: For Power Plants Mitigation Solution: For Power Plants
355	Figure 4.3.12. Hurricane Maria severely damaged a solar array in Puerto Rico in 2017.
356	Figure 4.3.13. Individual building-based solar and wind form the backbone of widely distributed generation. (Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021)
357	Figure 4.3.14. A solar array on Vandenberg Air Force Base helps power facilities on the base.(Source: Defense Logistics Agency, photo by Airman First Class Clayton Wear, No Date)
359	Mitigation Solution: For the Smart Grid Mitigation Solution: For the Smart Grid Figure 4.3.15. Pole-mounted automatic transmission and distribution line feeder reclosers can help identify and isolate faults so power can be restored quickly.
360	Figure 4.3.16. Dedicated fiber-optic cables embedded in power cables can provide additional communication channels for SCADA systems. (Source: Transmission-line.net, 2010)
361	Figure 4.3.17. Simplified AMI system (Source: Christopher Villareal, 2020)
362	Figure 4.3.18. Data collection gateways should be protected against wind by placing them in storm shelters.
365	Fact Sheet 4.4: Communication Towers, Masts and Antennas Fact Sheet 4.4: Communication Towers, Masts and Antennas Figure 4.4.1. The collapse of a tower with antennas can damage the roof membrane, causing it to peel.
366	Table 4.4.1. Common Mitigation Solutions for Communications Systems
367	Mitigation Solution: Anchor Mitigation Solution: Anchor
368	Figure 4.4.2. Rooftop antennas often are mounted using ballast sleds. Figure 4.4.3. Antennas can be secured to the building structure to improve wind resistance.
370	Mitigation Solution: Strengthen Mitigation Solution: Strengthen Figure 4.4.4. Exterior and interior of an equipment shelter.
375	Mitigation Solution: Elevate or Relocate Mitigation Solution: Elevate or Relocate
377	Fact Sheet 5.0: Parks, Recreational and Other Facilities Hurricane and Flood Impacts Fact Sheet 5.0: Parks, Recreational and Other Facilities Hurricane and Flood Impacts
378	Mitigation Fact Sheets Mitigation Fact Sheets
379	Mitigation Solutions Mitigation Solutions
380	Icons Icons Table 5.0.1. Icons Used to Represent Considerations about Hazard Mitigation Strategies
384	Fact Sheet 5.1: Parks and Recreational Facilities Fact Sheet 5.1: Parks and Recreational Facilities
385	Table 5.1.1. Common Mitigation Solutions for Parks and Recreational Facilities
386	Mitigation Solution: For Accessory Structures Mitigation Solution: For Accessory Structures Figure 5.1.1. Bolted brackets or clamps can be used to anchor some structures.
387	Figure 5.1.2. Chains or steel cables attached to ground anchors can be used to anchor park structures.
388	Figure 5.1.3. Some park equipment can be embedded deep enough into the ground to improve stability. Figure 5.1.4. Poles and posts embedded in concrete can help resist wind.
389	Mitigation Solution: For Sport Courts Mitigation Solution: For Sport Courts Figure 5.1.5. New courts can be overlaid on existing cracked tennis and basketball courts.
390	Mitigation Solution: For Landscaping Mitigation Solution: For Landscaping Figure 5.1.6. A bioswale can help retain floodwaters (left), and a culvert pipe can direct flow under a road or trail (right).
392	Figure 5.1.7. Greenways can help direct and absorb floodwaters. Figure 5.1.8. Nature-based solutions or hybrid approaches to streambank stabilization (combining hardscapes with nature-based solutions) can protect trails and other park facilities.
394	Fact Sheet 5.2: Mass Transit Facilities Fact Sheet 5.2: Mass Transit Facilities
395	Table 5.2.1. Additional Information on Mass Transit Facility Vulnerabilities and Mitigation Solutions
397	Table 5.2.2. Table 5.2.2. Common Mitigation Solutions for Mass Transit Facilities
398	Mitigation Solution: For Tunnels Mitigation Solution: For Tunnels Figure 5.2.1. Subway tunnel cross section.
399	Figure 5.2.2. Inflatable plugs can prevent flooding in tunnels. (Source: Department of Homeland Security, 2017)
400	Figure 5.2.3. Elevated vent covers help protect against subway flooding while also acting as public sculptures. (Source: Jim Henderson, 2009)
401	Figure 5.2.4. Flood gates and flood barriers can help protect buildings and structures against rising water. Figure 5.2.5. Recessed passive barriers float into place automatically to protect against flooding.
402	Figure 5.2.6. Deployable covers for subway access stairways can help prevent flooding of underground stations. (Source: Metropolitan Transportation Authority, 2021)
403	Figure 5.2.7. Floodwalls can help protect buildings from being flooded.
405	Mitigation Solution: For Railways Mitigation Solution: For Railways Figure 5.2.8. Rail system components.
409	Mitigation Solution: For Catenary Overhead System Mitigation Solution: For Catenary Overhead System Figure 5.2.9. Catenary system.
412	Fact Sheet 5.3: Earth Slope Stabilization Fact Sheet 5.3: Earth Slope Stabilization
413	Slides Slides Figure 5.3.1. Examples and description of slides. (Source: Washington Geological Survey)
414	Table 5.3.1. Common Mitigation Solutions for Earth Slope Stabilization
415	Mitigation Solution: Excavate Mitigation Solution: Excavate Figure 5.3.2. Removing soil and replacing it with lightweight fill can help decrease loads that drive soil downslope.
416	Figure 5.3.3. Benching or terracing can help improve slope stability.
417	Figure 5.3.4. Reducing the slope angle removes some of the driving forces that can cause instability. (Source: USGS, 2004)
418	Mitigation Solution: Reinforce or Strengthen Mitigation Solution: Reinforce or Strengthen Figure 5.3.5. Geosynthetics can be used to reinforce and strengthen slopes. (Source: FHWA, 2009)
419	Figure 5.3.6. A toe berm adds resistance to sliding material.
420	Figure 5.3.7. Deep soil mixing (DSM) creates a soil-concrete column to provide additional stability against sliding.
421	Figure 5.3.8. Soil nailing can allow slope stabilization at steep angles. (Source: FHWA, 2015) Figure 5.3.9. Soil nailing can be combined with vegetation to improve slope stability and aesthetics for both shallow and deep failure surfaces. (Source: FHWA, 2015)
423	Mitigation Solution: Install Drainage Mitigation Solution: Install Drainage Figure 5.3.10. Interceptor trench drains can be used to direct surface runoff away from slopes.
424	Figure 5.3.11. Horizontal drains help lower the water table, which reduces driving forces by decreasing soil water content. (Source: USGS, 2008)
425	Figure 5.3.12. Check dams can be constructed of logs, rocks, or other materials to slow the flow of water in a channel on a slope. (Source: U.S. Forest Service, 2007)
426	Mitigation Solution: Install Retaining Walls Mitigation Solution: Install Retaining Walls Figure 5.3.13. MSE walls use geotextiles and granular soil backfill to retain slopes. (Source: FHWA, 2009)
427	Figure 5.3.14. Soldier pile walls can be used to reinforce failure planes. (Source: FHWA, 1999)
428	Figure 5.3.15. Gabions can be used to improve slope stability by resisting the sideways forces behind them. (Source: FHWA, 2001)
429	Figure 5.3.16. Crib walls can be constructed easily to retain soil on a slope. (Source: U.S. Forest Service, 2007)
431	Mitigation Solution: Install Nature-Based Solutions Mitigation Solution: Install Nature-Based Solutions Figure 5.3.17. Using vegetated stakes alone or in combination with a brush mat can help control erosion on slopes. (Source: NRCS, 1996)
432	Figure 5.3.18. Live fascine bundles can be used with stakes to help control erosion.(Source: USDA Forest Service, 2006) Figure 5.3.19. Live crib walls can provide stability and help control erosion. (Source: NRCS, 1996)
435	Fact Sheet 5.4: Shorelines Fact Sheet 5.4: Shorelines Table 5.4.1. Common Shoreline Mitigation Solutions
436	Mitigation Solution: Structurally Stabilize Shorelines Mitigation Solution: Structurally Stabilize Shorelines
437	Figure 5.4.1. Example seawall cross-sections.
438	Figure 5.4.2. Example of an anchored sheet-pile bulkhead.
439	Figure 5.4.3. Typical cross section of an armor stone revetment.
440	Figure 5.4.4. Typical plan view of a breakwater system.
441	Figure 5.4.5. Example sand accretion and erosion patterns around a groin system.
443	Figure 5.4.6. Rock cores can be used to build dunes that resist erosion from waves and surge.
444	Mitigation Solution: Use Non-Structural Stabilization Mitigation Solution: Use Non-Structural Stabilization Figure 5.4.7. Beach nourishment replaces sand lost through longshore drift or erosion and increases resilience. (Source: USACE, 2020).
445	Figure 5.4.8. Nature-based solutions for shoreline stabilization via a “Living Shorelines” approach. (Source: Adapted from NOAA, 2016)
448	Fact Sheet 5.5: Coastal Facilities Fact Sheet 5.5: Coastal Facilities
449	Table 5.5.1. Common Mitigation Solutions for Damage to Coastal Facilities
450	Mitigation Solution: Monitor, Inspect, Repair Mitigation Solution: Monitor, Inspect, Repair
451	Mitigation Solution: Retrofit, Reinforce Mitigation Solution: Retrofit, Reinforce Figure 5.5.1. Piles can be wrapped with PVC to protect them from damage (Source: Marine Fix Supply, 2018).
452	Figure 5.5.2. Fit aging piles with jacket encasements to strengthen and protect them (Source: Shoreline Plastics, No Date). Figure 5.5.3. Improve pier performance during future storms by replacing storm-damaged pre-cast concrete pier deck panels with reinforced cast-in-place concrete (Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, No Date).
453	Figure 5.5.4. Reinforce wharves, docks and boardwalks by splicing and reinforcing the structural components of piers and piles (Source: Professional Diving Services, 2020).
454	Figure 5.5.5. Rendering of downtown San Francisco Terminal Expansion Project containing a marine terminal dock complex with in-water structural components joined together withshore-based structures (Source: Water Emergency Transportation Authority, 2021
455	Figure 5.5.6. An example of revetments protecting a boat launch ramp system. Figure 5.5.7. An example of an outdoor dry-stack storage facility (Source: Brendan McGinley, 2021).
456	Figure 5.5.8. An example of an indoor dry-stack facility.
457	Mitigation Solution: Elevate Mitigation Solution: Elevate Figure 5.5.9. Elevating piers can help protect them from the impacts of floods (Source: USACE, 2020)
459	Mitigation Solution: Upgrade, Relocate Mitigation Solution: Upgrade, Relocate
461	Appendices
462	A: Acronyms
463	B: Glossary of Key Terms
474	C: Codes, Standards, Best Practices and Mitigation 1. Codes
476	2. Standards
477	3. Best Practices
478	4. Mitigation
481	D: References
486	E: Comment Submission and Contacting FEMA How to Obtain Hurricane and Flood Mitigation Handbook for Public Facilities How to Send Comments on the Handbook How to Get More Information

]]> ?u=/product/publishers/fema/fema-p-2191-2022/ Sun, 20 Oct 2024 04:20:50 +0000 FEMA P-2191: A Step Forward - Recommendations for Improving Seismic Code Development, Content, and Education, April 2022

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2022

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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	A Step Forward Recommendations for Improving Seismic Code Development, Content, and Education
5	Foreword
7	Preface
9	Notice
11	Executive Summary
13	Table of Contents
17	List of Figures
19	List of Tables
21	Chapter1:Introduction 1.1 Background
22	1.2 Purpose of the Report 1.3 Scope of the Report
23	1.4 Target Audience for the Report 1.5 What is Covered (and Not Covered)
25	1.6 Organization of the Report
27	Chapter2:StudyMethodology 2.1 Information Gathering Options Considered
28	2.2 Selected Approach
30	2.3 Surveys 2.4 Interviews 2.5 Synthesis and Evaluation of Recommendations
33	Chapter 3: Survey Approach and Findings 3.1 Overview
34	3.2 Survey Approach and Implementation 3.2.1 Targeted Audiences and Recruitment
35	3.2.2 Survey Question Topics 3.2.3 Open-Ended Questions
37	3.2.4 Data Analysis
38	3.3 Topics and Findings for User Survey 3.3.1 User Survey Questions
39	3.3.2 User Survey Findings: Code Use
40	3.3.3 User Survey Findings: Code Content
42	3.3.4 User Survey Findings: Code Development
43	3.3.5 User Survey Findings: Code Dissemination and Education
45	3.4 Topics and Findings for Stakeholder Survey 3.4.1 Stakeholder Survey Questions
46	3.4.2 Stakeholder Survey Findings: Code Use 3.4.3 Stakeholder Survey Findings: Code Content
48	3.4.4 Stakeholder Survey Findings: Code Development
49	3.4.5 Stakeholder Survey Findings: Code Dissemination and Education 3.5 Cross-Group Comparisons and Findings from Questions Included on Both Surveys
50	3.5.1 Code Information Source Use by Survey Group 3.5.2 Opinions about U.S. Seismic Code Content, Development, and Communication by Survey Group 3.6 Survey Conclusions and High Level Take-Aways
53	Chapter4:InterviewApproachand Findings 4.1 Overview 4.2 Interview Process
55	4.3 Interview Questions
59	4.4 Interview Findings 4.4.1OtherPotentialRecommendationsProposedbyInterviewees
61	4.4.2ExampleFindings 4.4.2.1 POTENTIALRECOMMENDATION:INCREASEDIVERSITYINCODEDEVELOPMENT: SOLICITNEWPARTICIPANTS,INSTEADOFTHESAMESELECTFEWPEOPLE.
63	4.4.2.2 POTENTIALRECOMMENDATION/ASSOCIATEDQUESTION:REDUCETIMETO IMPLEMENTINNOVATIONORNEWPROVISIONS. DOWENEEDTOVETPROPOSAL ATFOURLEVELS(PUC,ASCE,IBC,STATECODES)?
65	4.5 Recent Provisions Update Committee Member Characteristics
71	Chapter 5: Synthesis andEvaluation ofPotentialRecommendations 5.1 Process Used 5.2 Task Group Initial Recommendations
72	5.3 Conclusions
81	Chapter 6: Recommendations 6.1 Summary of Recommendations
85	6.2 Recommendations for ImprovingCodeDevelopment 6.2.1 HighPriority 6.2.1.1 RECOMMENDATIOND1 -INCREASEDIVERSITYINCODEDEVELOPERS
88	6.2.1.2 RECOMMENDATIOND2 -CONDUCTPRE-CYCLEREGIONALWORKSHOPS
90	6.2.1.3 RECOMMENDATIOND3 -REQUIREPAID WORKED EXAMPLESFORPROPOSED CODECHANGES
92	6.2.2 Medium Priority 6.3 Recommendations for Improving Code Content and Ease of Use 6.3.1 HighPriority 6.3.1.1 RECOMMENDATIONC1 -ADDRESSFUNCTIONALRECOVERYAND ENHANCED RESILIENCEINMODELCODEFRAMEWORK
95	6.3.2.2 RECOMMENDATIONC2 -MAKELOWAND MODERATESEISMICPROVISIONSMORE USABLE
96	6.3.2 Medium Priority 6.3.2.1 RECOMMENDATIONC3 -DEVELOPMOREUSABLEPERFORMANCE-BASED PROCEDURESFORDESIGN
98	6.3.2.2 RECOMMENDATIONC4 -DEVELOPCONSTRUCTIONQUALITYASSURANCE NEHRP PROVISIONS PART3 RESOURCEPAPER
99	6.3.2.3 RECOMMENDATIONC5 -IMPROVESEISMICCODEPROVISIONSFORFOUNDATION DESIGN
100	6.4 Recommendations for ImprovingDissemination and Education on Code and CodeChanges 6.4.1 HighPriority 6.4.1.1 RECOMMENDATIONE1 -DEVELOPCOORDINATED STRATEGYFORIMPROVING UNDERSTANDINGOFSEISMICCODES
102	6.4.1.2 RECOMMENDATIONE2 -DEVELOPINTERACTIVEONLINEPLATFORMFORSEISMIC CODEPROVISIONS
104	6.4.2 Medium Priority 6.4.2.1 RECOMMENDATIONE3 -EXPAND COMMENTARIES
105	6.4.2.2 RECOMMENDATIONE4 -DEVELOPMOREDESIGNGUIDES
107	6.4.2.3 RECOMMENDATIONE5 -OUTREACHTOGEOTECHNICALENGINEERS
108	6.4.2.4 RECOMMENDATIONE6 -PUBLICIZEUPCOMINGCODECHANGESAND INPUT OPPORTUNITIES
109	6.4.2.5 RECOMMENDATIONE7 -DEVELOPMOREWEBINARS, ARCHIVED AND AVAILABLE ONDEMAND
110	6.5 Recommendation for Monitoring and Encouraging Progress 6.5.1 HighPriority 6.5.1.1 RECOMMENDATIONM1: TRACKPROGRESSOFIMPLEMENTING RECOMMENDATIONS
111	6.5.2 Medium Priority 6.6 Taking the Step Forward
115	Appendix B: SurveyInstruments B.1 Overview B.2U.S. Seismic CodeImprovement Surveyfor Users
122	This section asks what you think about how US seismic codes andstandards are DEVELOPED AND UPDATED over time.
124	of US seismic codes and provisions.
128	B.3 U.S. Seismic CodeImprovement Surveyfor Stakeholders
131	This section asks about your GENERAL IMPRESSIONS about US seismic codes and standards, and their RELEVANCE to people in your professionand where you work.
133	This section asks what you think about how US seismic codes andstandards are DEVELOPED AND UPDATED over time.
134	seismic codes is handled and could be improved.
136	B.4List ofStates Assigned to Regions
137	References
141	Project Participants FEMAOversight BuildingSeismic SafetyCouncilOversight Project TaskGroup
142	Interview Participants
143	SurveyParticipants

]]> ?u=/product/publishers/fema/fema-p-2192-volume3-2020/ Sun, 20 Oct 2024 04:12:29 +0000 FEMA P-2192-V3 2020 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples, Training Materials, and Design Flow Charts - Volume III: Design Flow Charts

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2020	35

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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
2	2020 NEHRP (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program) Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Flow Charts
4	2020 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples, Training Materials, and Design Flow Charts
5	Table of Contents

]]> ?u=/product/publishers/fema/fema-p-2192-volume2-2020/ Sun, 20 Oct 2024 04:12:29 +0000 FEMA P-2192-V2 2020 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples, Training Materials, and Design Flow Charts - Volume II: Training Materials

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2020

]]> None

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	2020 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples, Training Materials, and Design Flow Charts
5	Table of Contents
6	Chapter 1 Introduction to the 2020 NEHRP Provisions Design Examples
7	Learning Objectives
8	Outline of Presentation
9	Overview of the 2020 NEHRP Provisions
10	The NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions
11	Intent of the 2020 NEHRP Provisions
12	From Research to Improved Standards and Seismic Design Practice
13	How US Seismic Codes are Developed
14	2020 NEHRP Provisions – BSSC Provisions Update Committee
15	2020 NEHRP Provisions Organization
16	Resources to Support the 2020 NEHRP Provisions and ASCE/SEI 7-22
17	Evolution of Earthquake Engineering
18	Recent North American Earthquakes and Subsequent Code Changes
19	Recent North American Earthquakes and Subsequent Code Changes
20	Recent North American Earthquakes and Subsequent Code Changes
21	Recent North American Earthquakes and Subsequent Code Changes
22	History and Role of the NEHRP Provisions
23	U.S. Seismic Code Development and Role of the NEHRP Provisions
24	U.S. Seismic Code Development and Role of the NEHRP Provisions
25	Evolution of the NEHRP Provisions
26	Highlights of Major Changes in the 2020 NEHRP Provisions and in ASCE/SEI 7-22
27	Highlights of Major Changes to 2020 NEHRP Provisions and ASCE/SEI 7-22
28	Move from Two-Point Spectra (2PRS) to Multi-Point Spectra (MPRS)
29	Three New Shear Wall Seismic Force-Resisting Systems
30	Updates to Diaphragm Design Provisions
31	Relaxation in Requirement for Response Spectrum Analysis
32	Revisions in Displacement Requirements
33	Changes in Nonbuilding Structures Requirements
34	Addition of Quantitative R eliability Targets for Individual Members and Essential Facilities
35	Part 3 Paper on a New Approach to Seismic Lateral Earth Pressures
36	New Seismic Design Force Equation
37	Building Modal Periods, Tn,bldg
38	PFA/PGA (Hf) Amplification Factor
39	Seismic Force-Resisting System
40	Building Ductility, Rμ
41	Chapter 13: Other Significant Changes from ASCE/SEI 7-16 to ASCE/SEI 7-22
42	Chapter 13: Other Significant Changes from ASCE/SEI 7-16 to ASCE/SEI 7-22
43	Chapter 13: Other Significant Changes from ASCE/SEI 7-16 to ASCE/SEI 7-22
44	Questions?
45	Overview of Design Example Chapters
46	Chapter 2 (Section 2.1 to 2.6) -Fundamentals
47	Chapter 2 -Fundamentals (Harris): Topics
48	Chapter 2 – Fundamentals: Yield, Ductility, Overstrength
49	Section 2.7 – Resilience-Based Design
50	Section 2.7 -Resilience-Based Design (Bonowitz): Topics
51	Section 2.7 -The “Resilience Field”
52	Section 2.7 -Functional Recovery vs. Community Resilience
53	Section 2.7 -FEMA-NIST Definitions* for Functional Recovery
54	Section 2.7 -Functional Recovery and Performance-Based Engineering
55	Section 2.7 -Functional Recovery Objective: CLT Design Example
56	Chapter 3 – Earthquake Ground Motions
58	Section 3.2: USGS NSHMs and BSSC PUC Requirements
59	Section 3.2 -Updates to 2020 NEHRP Design Ground Motions in Conterminous US
60	Section 3.2 -Hazard Changes (CEUS)
61	Section 3.2 -Hazard Changes (WUS)
62	Section 3.2 Part 2 – Dissection of Example Changes to the MCER Ground Motion Values (Luco): Topics
63	Section 3.2 -Deterministic Caps
64	Section 3.2 -Examples of Changes in MCER Values
65	Section 3.2 -Examples of Changes in SDC
66	Section 3.2 -BSSC Tool for Seismic Design Map Values https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NK3C76
67	Section 3.3 – Multi-Period Response Spectra (Kircher): Topics
68	Section 3.3 -The “Problem” with ASCE 7-10
69	Section 3.3 -Comparison of ASCE/SEI 7-16 Two-Period (ELF) Design Spectrum w/o Spectrum Shape Adjustment with MPRS Design Spectrum
70	Section 3.3 -Interim Solution of ASCE/SEI 7-16 (2015 NEHRP Provisions)
71	Section 3.3 -Long-Term Solution -MPRS in 2020 NEHRP Provisions and ASCE/SEI 7-22
72	Section 3.3 -New Site Classes and Associated Values of Shear Wave Velocities (Table 2.2-1, FEMA P-2078, June 2020)
73	Section 3.3 -MPRS Format
74	Move from Two-Point Spectra (2PRS) to Multi-Point Spectra (MPRS)
75	Section 3.3 -Design (As Usual) Using New MPRS
76	Section 3.4 – Other Changes to Ground Motion Provisions in ASCE/SEI 7-22 (Crouse): Topics
77	Chapter 4 – Ductile Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls
78	Chapter 4 – Ductile Coupled RC Shear Walls (Ghosh and Dasgupta): Topics
79	Chapter 2 – Ductile Coupled RC Shear Wall: Details
80	Chapter 5 – Coupled Composite Plate Shear Walls/Concrete Filled (C-PSW/CF)
81	Chapter 5 – Coupled Composite Plate Shear Walls / Concrete Filled (Shafaei and Varma): Topics
82	Chapter 5 – C-PSW/CF: Seismic Design Philosophy
83	Chapter 5 – C-PSW/CF: Coupling Beam-to-Wall Connection
84	Chapter 6 – Cross-Laminated Timber Shear Walls
85	Chapter 6 -Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Shear Wall (Line and Amini): Topics
86	Chapter 6 – CLT Shear Wall: Construction
87	Chapter 6 – CLT: Shear Wall Details
88	Chapter 7 – Horizontal Diaphragm Design
89	Chapter 7 – Horizontal Diaphragm Design (Cobeen): Topics
90	Chapter 7: Diaphragm Seismic Design Method Comparison
91	Chapter 7: Section 12.10.3 Alternative Design Provisions
92	Chapter 7: Section 12.10.4 Alternative RWFD Design Method
93	Chapter 7: Section 12.10.4 Alternative RWFD Design Method
94	Chapter 8 -Nonstructural Components
95	Chapter 8 -Design Examples for Nonstructural Components (Lizundia): Topics
96	Chapter 8 -Nonstructural Components Example: Architectural Precast Concrete
97	Chapter 8 -Nonstructural Components Example: Rocking Cladding Mechanism
98	Chapter 8 -Nonstructural Components Example: Piping System Seismic Design
99	Chapter 8 -Nonstructural Components Example: Egress Stairs
100	Chapter 8 -Nonstructural Components Example: Elevated Vessel
101	Chapter 8 -Nonstructural Components Example: Elevated Vessel
102	Chapter 8 -Prescribed Seismic Forces: Vessel Support and Attachments
103	Chapter 8 -Nonstructural Component Example: HVAC Fan Unit Support
104	Organization and Presentation of the Design Example Chapters
105	Outline of the 2020 Design Examples Chapters
106	How to Use the 2015 and 2020 Design Examples Together
107	How to Use the 2015 and 2020 Design Examples Together
108	How to Use the 2015 and 2020 Design Examples Together
109	How to Use the 2015 and 2020 Design Examples Together
110	Presentation Techniques in the 2020 Design Examples
112	BSSC NEHRP Webinar Training: nibs.org/events/nehrp-webinar-series
113	Questions?
114	DISCLAIMER
115	Chapter 2 (Sections 2.1 to 2.6) Fundamentals
116	Overview
117	Fundamental Concepts (1)
118	Fundamental Concepts (2)
119	Overview
120	Seismic Activity on Earth
121	Tectonic Plates
122	Section of Earth Crust at Ocean Rift Valley
123	Section of Earth Crust at Plate Boundary (Subduction Zone)
124	Fault Features Strike angle Dip angle
125	Faults and Fault Rupture
126	Types of Faults
127	Seismic Wave Forms (Body Waves)
128	Seismic Wave Forms (Surface Waves)
129	Arrival of Seismic Waves
130	Effects of Earthquakes
131	Recorded Ground Motions
132	Shaking at the Holiday Inn During the 1971 San Fernando Valley EQ
133	Overview
134	NEHRP (2009) Seismic Hazard Maps
136	Mass
137	Linear Viscous Damping
138	Damping and Energy Dissipation
139	Elastic Stiffness
140	Inelastic Behavior
141	Undamped Free Vibration
142	Undamped Free Vibration (2)
143	Periods of Vibration of Common Structures
144	Damped Free Vibration
145	Damped Free Vibration (2)
146	Damped Free Vibration (3)
147	Damping in Structures
148	Undamped Harmonic Loading and Resonance
149	Damped Harmonic Loading and Resonance
150	Resonant Response Curve
151	General Dynamic Loading
152	Effective Earthquake Force
153	Simplified SDOF Equation of Motion
154	Use of Simplified Equation of Motion
155	Use of Simplified Equation
156	Creating an Elastic Response Spectrum
157	Pseudoacceleration Spectrum
158	Pseudoacceleration is Total Acceleration
159	Using Pseudoacceleration to Compute Seismic Force
160	Response Spectra for 1971 San Fernando Valley EQ (Holiday Inn)
161	Averaged Spectrum and Code Spectrum
162	NEHRP/ASCE 7 Design Spectrum
163	NEHRP 2020 Multi-Period Spectrum and “Two” Period Spectrum
164	Overview
165	MDOF Systems
166	Analysis of Linear MDOF Systems
167	Analysis of Linear MDOF Systems
168	Overview
169	Basic Base Shear Equations in NEHRP and ASCE 7
170	Building Designed for Wind or Seismic Load
171	Comparison of EQ vs Wind
172	How to Deal with Huge EQ Force?
173	Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis
174	Mathematical Model and Ground Motion
175	Results of Nonlinear Analysis
176	Response Computed by Nonlin
177	Interim Conclusion (the Good News)
178	Interim Conclusion (The Bad News)
179	Development of the Equal Displacement Concept
180	The Equal Displacement Concept
181	Repeated Analysis for Various Yield Strengths (and constant stiffness)
182	Constant Displacement Idealization of Inelastic Response
183	Equal Displacement Idealization of Inelastic Response
184	Equal Displacement Concept of Inelastic Design
185	Key Ingredient: Ductility
186	Application in Principle
187	Application in Practice (NEHRP and ASCE 7)
188	Ductility/Overstrength First Significant Yield
189	First Significant Yield and Design Strength
190	Overstrength
191	Sources of Overstrength
192	Definition of Overstrength Factor 
193	Definition of Ductility Reduction Factor Rd
194	Definition of Response Modification Coefficient R
195	Definition of Response Modification Coefficient R
196	Definition of Deflection Amplification Factor Cd
197	Example of Design Factors for Reinforced Concrete Structures
198	Design Spectra as Adjusted for Inelastic Behavior
199	Using Inelastic Spectrum to Determine Inelastic Force Demand
200	Using the Inelastic Spectrum and Cd to Determine the Inelastic Displacement Demand
201	Overview
202	Design and Detailing Requirements
203	Questions
204	DISCLAIMER
205	Chapter 2 (Section 2.7) Resilience-Based Design
206	Content
207	Consensus
208	Consensus understanding of resilience
209	The “Resilience Field”
210	The “Resilience Field”
211	FR : Building : CR : Community Facility
212	“Resilience-Based Design and the NEHRP Provisions”
213	New definitions: Functional Recovery
214	FEMA-NIST definitions*
215	Functional recovery and performance-based engineering
216	The technical question
217	Functional recovery and the current building code
218	CLT Shear Wall Design Example (Chapter 6)
219	CLT Shear Wall Design Example (Chapter 6)
220	Functional recovery objective
221	Policy precedents for acceptable FR time?
222	Policy precedents for acceptable FR time?
223	Functional recovery objective
224	Expected FR time: What does current research say?
225	Expected FR time: What does current research say?
226	Expected FR time: What does current research say?
227	Expected FR time: What does current research say?
228	Functional recovery objective
229	CLT Shear Wall structural design criteria
230	CLT Shear Wall structural design criteria
231	CLT Shear Wall structural design criteria
232	CLT Shear Wall structural design criteria
233	Townhouse nonstructural design criteria
234	Townhouse nonstructural design criteria
235	Characteristics of RC IV functionality (NEHRP Provisions Section 1.1.5)
236	Characteristics of RC IV functionality (NEHRP Provisions Section 1.1.5)
237	Characteristics of RC IV functionality (NEHRP Provisions Section 1.1.5)
238	Voluntary FR and emerging best practices
239	Voluntary FR and emerging best practices
240	Voluntary FR and emerging best practices
241	Q&A
242	References
243	References
244	DISCLAIMER
245	Chapter 3 (Section 3.2 -Part 1) The 2018 Update of the USGS National Seismic Hazard Model
246	Outline
247	USGS NSHMs & BSSC PUC Requirements
248	Updates to 2020 NEHRP Design Ground Motions in Conterminous US
249	Updates to 2020 NEHRP Design Ground Motions in Conterminous US
250	Updates to 2020 NEHRP Design Ground Motions in Conterminous US
251	Old CEUS Ground Motion Models
252	New CEUS Ground Motion Models
253	New CEUS Ground Motion Models
254	New CEUS Site-Effects Models
255	Hazard Changes (CEUS)
256	Deep Basin Effects
257	Deep Basin Effects
258	Hazard Changes (WUS)
259	Outside of Conterminous US (OCONUS)
260	Outside of Conterminous US (OCONUS)
261	Summary
262	Questions
263	DISCLAIMER
264	Chapter 3 (Section 3.2 -Part 2) Dissection of Example Changes to the MCER Ground Motion Values
265	Commentary to Chapter 22
266	USGS 2018 National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) Updates
267	BSSC Project ‘17 Recommendations
268	Maximum-Direction Scale Factors
269	Maximum-Direction Scale Factors
270	Deterministic Caps
271	Deterministic Caps
272	Commentary to Chapter 22
273	Examples of Changes in MCER Values
274	Examples of Changes in MCER Values
275	Examples of Changes in MCER Values
276	Examples of Changes in MCER Values
277	Examples of Changes in SDC
278	Examples of Changes in SDC
279	Summary of Changes in MCER Values
280	Commentary to Chapter 22
281	USGS Seismic Design Geodatabase
282	USGS Seismic Design Geodatabase
283	USGS Seismic Design Web Service
284	USGS Seismic Design Web Service
285	BSSC Tool for Seismic Design Map Values
286	BSSC Tool for Seismic Design Map Values
287	https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NK3C76
288	Questions
289	DISCLAIMER
290	Chapter 3 (Section 3.3) New Multi-Period Response Spectra and Ground Motion Requirements
291	Design (As Usual) Using New MPRS
292	New Multi-Period Response Spectra (MPRS)
293	Summary of MPRS and Related Changes (to ASCE/SEI 7-16)
294	Summary of MPRS and Related Changes (to ASCE/SEI 7-16)
295	Two-Period Design Response Spectrum (Multi-Period Design Spectrum) (Figure 11.4-1, ASCE/SEI 7-05, ASCE/SEI 7-10 and ASCE/SEI 7-16 with annotation)
296	The “Problem” with ASCE/SEI 7-10
297	Comparison of ASCE/SEI 7-16 Two-Period (ELF) Design Spectrum w/o Spectrum Shape Adjustment and Multi-Period Response Spectra based on M7.0 earthquake ground motions at RX= 6.8 km) –Site Class C Comparison of ASCE/SEI 7-16 Two-Period (ELF) Design Spectrum w/o Spectrum Shape Adjustment and Multi-Period Response Spectra based on M7.0 earthquake ground motions at RX= 6.8 km) –Site Class C
298	Comparison of ASCE/SEI 7-16 Two-Period (ELF) Design Spectrum w/o Spectrum Shape Adjustment and Multi-Period Response Spectra based on M7.0 earthquake ground motions at RX = 6.8 km) – Site Class D
299	Comparison of ASCE/SEI 7-16 Two-Period (ELF) Design Spectrum w/o Spectrum Shape Adjustment and Multi-Period Response Spectra based on M7.0 earthquake ground motions at RX = 6.8 km) – Site Class E
300	Comparison of ASCE/SEI 7-16 Two-Period (ELF) Design Spectrum w/o Spectrum Shape Adjustment and Multi-Period Response Spectra based on M8.0 earthquake ground motions at RX = 9.9 km) – Site Class E
301	Interim Solution of ASCE/SEI 7-16 (2015 NEHRP Provisions)
302	Site-Specific Requirements of Section 11.4.7 of ASCE/SEI 7-16 (2015 NEHRP Provisions)
303	Site-Specific Requirements of Section 11.4.7 of ASCE/SEI 7-16 (2015 NEHRP Provisions)
304	Conterminous United States Regions with S1 ≥ 0.2g (ASCE/SEI 7-16)
305	Long-Term Solution -Multi-Period Response Spectra (MPRS) (2020 NEHRP Provisions and ASCE/SEI 7-22)
306	MCER Ground Motions (Section 21.2) (Site-specific requirements of the 2020 NEHRP Provisions and ASCE/SEI 7-22)
307	Approach for Developing Multi-Period Response Spectra for United States Regions of Interest (CONUS and OCONUS sites)
308	Multi-Period Response Spectra Format (example matrix showing the combinations of twenty-two response periods, plus PGAG, and eight hypothetical site classes of the standard format of multi-period response spectra)
309	Multi-Period Response Spectra Format (example matrix showing the combinations of twenty-two response periods, plus PGAG, and eight hypothetical site classes of the standard format of multi-period response spectra)
310	Example Multi-Period Response Spectra (MPRS) (showing the new deterministic MCER Lower Limit, Table 21.2-1, 2020 NEHRP Provisions and ASCE/SEI 7-22, which are anchored to SS = SSD = 1.5 g, S1 = S1D = 0.6 g)
311	Conterminous United States Regions Governed Solely by Probabilistic MCER Ground Motions for Default Site Conditions
312	New Site Classes and Associated Values of Shear Wave Velocities (Table 2.2-1, FEMA P-2078, June 2020)
313	Distribution of 9,050 of Census Tracts of Densely Populated Areas of California, Oregon and Washington by Site Class (90% of Population)
314	Improved Values of Seismic Design Parameters
315	Example Derivation of SDS and SD1 from a Multi-Period Design Spectrum
316	Comparison of ASCE/SEI 7-16 Two-Period (ELF) Design Spectrum w/o Spectrum Shape Adjustment and Multi-Period Response Spectra based on M8.0 earthquake ground motions at RX = 9.9 km) – Site Class E
317	Multi-Period Design Spectrum (Figure 11.4-1, 2020 NEHRP Provisions and ASCE/SEI 7-22 with annotation)
318	Example Comparisons of Design Spectra (default site conditions)
319	Comparison of Design Response Spectra – Irvine (assuming default site conditions, Figure 8.2-1, FEMA P-2078, June 2020)
320	Comparison of Design Response Spectra – San Mateo (assuming default site conditions, Figure 8.2-2, FEMA P-2078, June 2020)
321	Comparison of Design Response Spectra – Anchorage (assuming default site conditions, Figure 8.2-4, FEMA P-2078, June 2020)
322	Comparison of Design Response Spectra – Memphis (assuming default site conditions, Figure 8.2-4, FEMA P-2078, June 2020)
323	Design (As Usual) Using New MPRS
324	Questions
325	DISCLAIMER
326	Chapter 3 (Section 3.4) Additional Revisions to Ground-Motion Provisions
327	Presentation
328	MCEGPeak Ground Acceleration (ASCE/SEI 7-22, Section 21.5)
329	MCEGPeak Ground Acceleration (ASCE/SEI 7-22, Section 21.5)
330	Additional Revisions (ASCE/SEI 7-22, Section 21.5)
331	Additional Revisions (ASCE/SEI 7-22, Section 21.5)
332	Vertical Ground Motion (ASCE/SEI 7-22, Section 11.9)
333	Vertical Ground Motion (ASCE/SEI 7-22, Section 11.9)
334	Vertical Ground Motion (ASCE/SEI 7-22, Section 11.9)
335	Site Class when Shear Wave Velocity Data Unavailable (ASCE/SEI 7-22, Section 20.3)
336	Site Class when Shear Wave Velocity Data Unavailable (ASCE/SEI 7-22, Section 20.3)
337	Site Class when Shear Wave Velocity Data Unavailable
338	Site Class when Shear Wave Velocity Data Unavailable
339	Questions
340	DISCLAIMER
341	Chapter 4 Reinforced Concrete Ductile Coupled Shear Walls
342	Coupled Walls
343	Coupled Walls
344	Coupled Walls
345	Coupled Walls
346	Coupled Walls
347	Ductile Coupled Shear Walls
348	Energy Dissipation in Coupling Beams
349	Energy Dissipation in Coupling Beams
350	ACI 318-19 18.10.9 Ductile Coupled Walls
351	Special Shear Walls
352	Ductile Coupling Beams
353	Ductile Coupling Beams
354	Ductile Coupling Beams
355	2020 NEHRP Provisions
356	2020 NEHRP Provisions
357	P695 Study
358	Additional ACI 318-19 Changes in Special Shear Wall Design
359	Additional ACI 318-19 Changes in Special Shear Wall Design
360	Shear Amplification: Concrete Shear Walls
361	Shear Amplification: Concrete Shear Walls
362	Shear Amplification: Concrete Shear Walls
363	Earthquake Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Concrete — ASCE/SEI 7-22
364	Earthquake Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Concrete — ASCE/SEI 7-22
365	Earthquake Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Concrete — ASCE/SEI 7-22
366	Example Problem
367	Introduction
368	Example Building Configuration
369	Example Building Configuration
370	Design Criteria
371	Design Criteria
372	Design Criteria
373	Design Criteria
374	Design Procedure
375	Analysis by Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
376	Analysis by Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
377	Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
378	Floor Forces from MRSA
379	Story Drifts from MRSA (X-Direction)
380	Story Drifts from MRSA (Y-Direction)
381	Story Drift Limitation
382	Design of Shear Wall
383	Design of Shear Wall – Design Loads
384	Design of Shear Wall – Design for Shear
385	Design of Shear Wall – Design for Shear
386	Design of Shear Wall – Design for Shear
387	Design of Shear Wall – Design for Shear
388	Design of Shear Wall – Design for Shear
389	Design of Shear Wall – Design for Shear
390	Design of Shear Wall – Design for Shear
391	Design of Shear Wall – Design for Shear
392	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
393	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
394	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
395	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
396	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
397	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
398	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
399	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
400	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
401	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
402	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
403	Boundary Elements of Special RC Shear Walls
404	Design of Shear Wall (Grade 60 Reinforcement)
405	Check Strength Under Flexure and Axial Loads
406	Design of Shear Wall (Grade 80 Reinforcement)
407	Design of Shear Wall (Grade 80 Reinforcement)
408	Design of Coupling Beam
409	Design of Coupling Beam – Design Loads
410	Design of Coupling Beam – Design for Flexure
411	Design of Coupling Beam – Design for Flexure
412	Design of Coupling Beam – Design for Flexure
413	Design of Coupling Beam – Design for Flexure
414	Design of Coupling Beam – Design for Flexure
415	Design of Coupling Beam – Minimum Transverse Requirements
416	Design of Coupling Beam – Design for Shear
417	Design of Coupling Beam – Design for Shear
418	Design of Coupling Beam – Design for Shear
419	Questions
420	DISCLAIMER
421	Chapter 5 Seismic Design of Coupled Composite Plate Shear Walls / Concrete Filled (C-PSW/CF)
422	Topics Covered
423	Introduction to Coupled C-PSW/CFs (SpeedCore System)
424	C-PSW/CF (SpeedCore System)
425	A New Chapter in Composite Construction
427	A New Chapter in Composite Construction
428	Coupled Composite Plate Shear Walls – Core Walls
429	A New Chapter in Composite Construction
430	Section Detailing, Limits, Requirements
431	Key Components of C-PSW/CF (SpeedCore System)
432	Steel Plates
433	Local Buckling, Plate Slenderness, Axial Compression
434	Local Buckling, Plate Slenderness, Axial Compression
435	Local Buckling, Plate Slenderness, Axial Compression
436	Tie Bar Size, Spacing, and Stability of Empty Modules
438	Tie Bar Size, Spacing, and Stability of Empty Modules
439	Recommendations for Stiffness
440	Recommendations for Flexural Strength
441	Recommendations for Shear Strength
442	Seismic Design of Coupled Composite Plate Shear Walls / Concrete Filled (Capacity Design)
443	Seismic Design of Coupled C-PSW/CF
444	Seismic Design of Coupled C-PSW/CF
445	Seismic Design Philosophy for Coupled C-PSW/CF
446	Seismic Design Philosophy
447	Design Example
448	Building Description
449	Building Description
450	Material Properties
451	Loads & Load Combinations
452	Building Description
453	Seismic Forces
454	Design Base Shear
455	C-PSW/CFs and Coupling Beam Dimensions
456	2D Modeling of Coupled C-PSW/CF
457	Inter-story Drift Limit
458	Linear Elastic Analysis
459	Design Of Coupling Beams
460	Design Of Coupling Beams
461	Design Of Coupling Beams
462	Design Of C-PSW/CFs
463	Design Of C-PSW/CFs
464	Design Of C-PSW/CFs
465	Design Of C-PSW/CFs
466	Design Of C-PSW/CFs
467	Design Of C-PSW/CFs
468	Design Of C-PSW/CFs
469	Design Of C-PSW/CFs (Flexural Strengt
470	Design Of C-PSW/CFs (Flexural Strength)
471	P-M Interaction of C-PSW/CFs
472	Design Of C-PSW/CFs (Shear Strength)
473	Coupling Beam-to-Wall Connection
474	Coupling Beam-to-Wall Connection
475	Coupling Beam-to-Wall Connection
476	Coupling Beam-to-Wall Connection
477	Check Shear Strength of Coupling Beam Flange Plate
478	Check Shear Strength of Wall Web Plates
479	Check Ductile Behavior of Flange Plates
480	Calculate Forces in Web Plates
481	Calculate Force Demand on C-Shaped Weld
482	Calculate Capacity of C-Shaped Weld
483	Calculate Capacity of C-Shaped Weld
484	Questions
485	DISCLAIMER
486	Chapter 6 Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Shear Walls
487	6.1Overview -Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Shear Wall Example
488	6.1Overview -Useful Design Aid Resources
489	6.2Background
490	6.2Background
491	6.2Background
492	6.2Background
493	6.2Background
494	6.2Background
495	6.2Background
496	6.2Background
497	6.2Background
498	6.2Background
499	6.2Background
500	6.3Cross-Laminated T imber Shear Wall Example Description
501	6.3Cross-Laminated Timber Shear Wall Example Description
502	6.3Cross-Laminated Timber Shear Wall Example Description
503	6.4Seismic Forces
504	6.4Seismic Forces
505	6.5.1 Shear Capacity of Prescribed Connectors
506	6.5.1 Shear Capacity of Prescribed Connectors
507	6.5.1Shear Capacity of Prescribed Connectors
508	6.5.2 Shear Capacity of CLT Panel
509	6.6.1 CLT Shear Wall Hold-down Design
510	6.6.1 CLT Shear Wall Hold-down Design
511	6.6.1 CLT Shear Wall Hold-down Design
512	6.6.1 CLT Shear Wall Hold-down Design
513	6.6.2 CLT Shear Wall Compression Zone
514	6.6.2 CLT Shear Wall Compression Zone
515	6.7 CLT Shear Wall Deflection
516	6.7 CLT Shear Wall Deflection
517	6.8References
518	Questions
519	DISCLAIMER
520	Chapter 7 Horizontal Diaphragm Design
521	What’s New in Diaphragm Design Provisions
522	What’s New in Diaphragm Design Provisions
523	Why Are Diaphragm Design Provisions Changing?
524	Diaphragm Design Presentation Outline – Part 1
525	Diaphragm Design Presentation Outline – Part 2
526	Overview of Diaphragm Design
527	Overview of Diaphragm Design
528	Overview of Diaphragm Design
529	Overview of Diaphragm Design
530	Overview of Diaphragm Design
531	Overview of Diaphragm Design – Transfer Forces
532	Overview of Diaphragm Design -NEHRP Diaphragm Tech Bri efs
533	Overview of Diaphragm Design -NEHRP Diaphragm Tech Briefs
534	Diaphragm Seismic Design Methods
535	Diaphragm Seismic Design Methods
536	Diaphragm Seismic Design Methods
537	Diaphragm Seismic Design Methods
538	Diaphragm Seismic Design Methods
539	Diaphragm Seismic Design Methods
540	Introduction t o Section 12.10.3 Alternative Design Provisions
541	Introduction t o Section 12.10.3 Alternative Design Provisions
542	Introduction to Section 12.10.3 Alternative Design Provisions
543	Introduction to Section 12.10.3 Alternative Design Provisions – Part 1
544	Introduction to Section 12.10.3 Alternative Design Provisions – Part 2
545	Introduction t o Section 12.10.4 Alternative RWFD Design Method
546	Introduction to Section 12.10.4 Alternative RWFD Design Method
547	Introduction to Section 12.10.4 Alternative RWFD Design Method
548	Introduction t o Section 12.10.4 Alternative RWFD Design Method
549	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
550	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
551	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
552	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
553	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
554	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
555	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
556	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
557	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
558	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
559	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
560	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
561	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms Traditional Design Method (12.10.1 & 12.10.2)
562	Traditional Design Method
563	Traditional Design Method
564	Traditional Design Method
565	Traditional Design Method
566	Traditional Design Method
567	Traditional Design Method
568	Traditional Design Method
569	Traditional Design Method
570	Traditional Design Method
571	Traditional Design Method
572	Traditional Design Method
573	Traditional Design Method
574	Traditional Design Method
575	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
576	Alternative Design Provisions (Section 12.10.3) -Introduction
577	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3) -Introduction
578	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
579	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
580	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
581	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
582	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
583	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
584	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
585	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
586	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
587	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
588	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
589	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
590	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
591	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
592	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
593	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
594	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
595	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
596	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
597	Alternative Design Method (Section 12.10.3)
598	Example Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms
599	Comparison of Design Me thods
600	Comparison of Design Me thods
601	Comparison of Design Me thods
602	Part 1 Closing Comments
603	Questions
604	DISCLAIMER
605	Chapter 7 – Part 2 Horizontal Diaphragm Design
606	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Bare Steel Deck Diaphragm
607	Diaphragm Design Presentation Outline – Part 2
608	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Steel Deck Diaphragm
609	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Steel Deck Diaphragm
610	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Steel Deck Diaphragm
611	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Steel Deck Diaphragm
612	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Steel Deck Diaphragm
613	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Steel Deck Diaphragm
614	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Steel Deck Diaphragm
615	Traditional Design Method
616	Traditional Design Method
617	Traditional Design Method
618	Traditional Design Method
619	Traditional Design Method
620	Traditional Design Method
621	Traditional Design Method
622	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Steel Deck Diaphragm
623	Diaphragm Seismic Design Methods
624	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
625	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
626	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
627	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
628	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
629	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
630	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements AISI S400 Section F3.5.1)
631	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements AISI S400 Section F3.5.1)
632	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements AISI S400 Section F3.5.1)
633	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
634	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
635	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
636	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
637	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
638	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
639	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
640	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
641	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
642	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
643	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Steel Deck Diaphragm Alternative RWFD Design Method (12.10.4) NOT Meeting AISI S400 Special Seismic Detailing Requirements
644	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
645	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
646	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
647	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
648	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
649	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
650	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
651	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
652	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
653	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
654	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
655	Alternative RWFD Design Method (Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
656	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
657	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
658	Alternative RWFD Design Method (NOT Meeting Special Seismic Detailing Requirements, 12.10.4)
659	Example One-Story RWFD Building with Steel Deck Diaphragm
660	Comparison of Design Me thods
661	Comparison of Design Me thods
662	Part 2 -Closing Comments
663	Questions
664	DISCLAIMER
665	Chapter 8 Nonstructural Components: Fundamentals and Design Examples
666	Learning Objectives
667	Outline of Presentation
668	Fundamentals
669	Nonstructural Components
670	Relative Costs
671	Anticipated Behavior of Noncritical Nonstructural Components From ASCE/SEI 7-22 Sections C13.1 and C13.1.3
672	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Chapter 13: Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Components
673	Code Development Process for Recent Revisions to Nonstructural Provisions
674	Key Terminology
675	Parameters Influencing Nonstructural Response
676	Seismic Force-Resisting System
677	Building Modal Periods, Tn,bldg
678	Component Period, Tcomp, and Building Period Resonance
679	Sources of Component and/or Anchorage Ductility
680	Component/Anchorage Ductility, μcomp
681	ATC-12O Proposed Seismic Design Force Equation
682	Evolution of Seismic Design Force Equation
683	PFA/PGA (Hf) Amplification Factor
684	Building Ductility, Rμ
685	PCA/PFA (CAR)
686	Unlikely vs. Likely to be in Resonance
687	Component Resonance Ductility Factor, CAR, and Component Strength, Rpo
688	Alternative Procedure for Nonlinear Response History Analysis
689	Equipment Support Structures and Platforms and Distribution System Supports
690	Accommodation of Seismic Relative Displacements
691	Development of Nonstructural Seismic Design Force Equations
692	Proposed Equations in NIST GCR 18-917-43
693	Proposed Equations in NIST GCR 18-917-43
694	Revisions in the 2020 NEHRP Provisions
695	Revisions in the 2020 NEHRP Provisions
696	Revisions for ASCE/SEI 7-22
697	Significant Changes from ASCE/SEI 7-16 to ASCE/SEI 7-22
698	Significant Changes from ASCE/SEI 7-16 to ASCE/SEI 7-22 (cont.)
699	Minor Changes from ASCE/SEI 7-16 to ASCE/SEI 7-22
700	Unchanged in ASCE/SEI 7-22 (same as ASCE/SEI 7-16)
701	Questions?
702	Design Examples
703	Design Examples for Architectural Components
704	Architectural Concrete Wall Panel
705	Architectural Concrete Wall Panel Description
706	Architectural Concrete Wall Panel Description
707	Providing Gravity Support and Accommodating Story Drift in Cladding
708	Rocking Cladding Connection System
709	Rocking Cladding Connection System
710	Window Framing System Racking Mechanism
711	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
712	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
713	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
714	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
715	Applicable Requirements
716	Spandrel Panel Layout
717	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Wall Element and Body of Wall Panel Connections
718	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Wall Element and Body of Wall Panel Connections
719	Proportioning and Design: Wall Element and Body of Wall Panel Connections
720	Proportioning and Design: W all Element and Body of Wall Panel Connections
721	Proportioning and Design: Wall Element and Body of Wall Panel Connections
722	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Fasteners of the Connecting System
723	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Fasteners of the Connecting System
724	Proportioning and Design: Fasteners of the Connecting System
725	Concrete Cover Layout and Seismic Forces
726	Prescribed Seismic Displacements
727	Prescribed Seismic Displacements: Accommodating Drift in Glazing
728	Prescribed Seismic Displacements: Accommodating Drift in Glazing
729	Prescribed Seismic Displacements: Accommodating Drift in Glazing
730	Questions?
731	Seismic Analysis of Egress Stairs
732	Egress Stairs Description
733	Egress Stairs Description
734	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
735	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
736	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
737	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
738	Applicable Requirements
739	Applicable Requirements (Continued)
740	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Egress Stairways not Part of the Building Seismic Force-Resisting System
741	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Egress Stairways not Part of the Building Seismic Force-Resisting System
742	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Egress Stairways not Part of the Building Seismic Force-Resisting System
743	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Egress Stairways not Part of the Building Seismic Force-Resisting System
744	Increased Seismic Forces for Fasteners and Attachments
745	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Egress Stairs and Ramp Fasteners and Attachments
746	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Egress Stairs and Ramp Fasteners and Attachments
747	Prescribed Seismic Displacements
748	Stairway Design Load Combinations
749	Questions?
750	HVAC Fan Unit Support
751	HVAC Fan Unit Support Description
752	HVAC Fan Unit Support Description
753	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
754	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
755	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
756	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
757	Applicable Requirements
758	Applicable Requirements (Continued)
759	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Case 1: Direct Attachment to Structure
760	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Case 1: Direct Attachment to Structure
761	Proportioning and Design:Case 1: Direct Attachment to Structure
762	Proportioning and Design:Case 1: Direct Attachment to Structure
763	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Case 2: Support on Vibration Isolation Springs
764	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Case 2: Support on Vibration Isolation Springs
765	Proportioning and Design:Case 2: Support on Vibration Isolation Springs
766	Proportioning and Design:Case 2: Support on Vibration Isolation Springs
767	Proportioning and Design:Case 2: Support on Vibration Isolation Springs
768	Proportioning and Design:Case 2: Support on Vibration Isolation Springs
769	Questions?
770	Piping System Seismic Design
771	Piping System Description
772	Piping System Description
773	Piping System Description
774	Piping System Description: Bracing
775	Piping System Description: System Configuration
776	Piping System Description: System Configuration
777	Piping System Description: System Configuration
778	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
779	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
780	Piping and Braces Parameters
781	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
782	Applicable Requirements
783	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Piping System Design
784	Proportioning and Design: Piping System Design
785	Proportioning and Design: Piping System Design
786	Proportioning and Design: Piping System Design
787	Proportioning and Design: Piping System Design
788	Proportioning and Design: Piping System Design
789	Proportioning and Design: Piping System Design
790	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Pipe Supports and Bracing
791	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Pipe Supports and Bracing
792	Proportioning and Design: Pipe Supports and Bracing
793	Proportioning and Design: Pipe Supports and Bracing
794	Proportioning and Design: Pipe Supports and Bracing
795	Proportioning and Design: Pipe Supports and Bracing
796	Prescribed Seismic Displacements
797	Prescribed Seismic Displacements
798	Prescribed Seismic Displacements
799	Prescribed Seismic Displacements
800	Questions?
801	Elevated Vessel Seismic Design
802	Elevated Vessel Description
803	Elevated Vessel Description
805	Elevated Vessel Description
806	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
807	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
808	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Steel Material Properties
809	ASCE/SEI 7-22 Parameters and Coefficients
810	Applicable Requirements
811	Applicable Requirements (Continued)
812	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Vessel Support and Attachments
813	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Vessel Support and Attachments
814	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
815	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
816	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
817	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
818	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
819	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
820	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
821	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
822	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
823	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
824	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
825	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
826	Proportioning and Design: Vessel Support and Attachments
827	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Supporting Frame
828	Prescribed Seismic Forces: Supporting Frame
829	Proportioning and Design: Supporting Frame
830	Proportioning and Design: Supporting Frame
831	Proportioning and Design: Supporting Frame
832	Proportioning and Design: Supporting Frame
833	Proportioning and Design: Supporting Frame
834	Proportioning and Design: Supporting Frame
835	Questions?
836	DISCLAIMER

]]> ?u=/product/publishers/fema/fema-p-1026-2021/ Sun, 20 Oct 2024 04:12:28 +0000 FEMA P-1026 Seismic Design of Rigid Wall-Flexible Diaphragm Buildings: An Alternative Procedure, Second Edition

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2021	254

]]> None

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Seismic Design of Rigid Wall-Flexible Diaphragm Buildings
5	Foreword
7	Preface
9	Table of Contents
15	List of Figures
21	List of Tables
25	Chapter 1 Introduction
35	Chapter 2 Description of RWFD Buildingsand Their Performance in Earthquakes
43	Chapter 3 Traditional DesignPractice Example
69	Chapter 4 Development of the Alternative RWFD DesignProcedure
85	Chapter 5 Implementation of the Alternative RWFD DesignProcedure
123	Chapter 6 Diaphragm Deflection Check
139	Chapter 7 Comparison of Designs UsingTraditional Practice and the Alternative RWFD Procedure
145	Chapter 8 Future Studies for Design ofRWFD Buildings
163	Chapter 9 Conclusions
165	Appendix A Evaluating RWFD Buildings Using FEMA P695 Methodology
177	Appendix B Evaluation of Traditional Design Procedure Using FEMA P695
201	Appendix C Evaluation of Alternative RWFD Design Procedure for Wood Diaphragms
221	Appendix D Extension of FEMA P-1026 to Bare Steel Deck Roof Diaphragms
237	Acronyms
241	References
249	Project Participants

]]> ?u=/product/publishers/fema/fema-p-2192-volume1-2020/ Sun, 20 Oct 2024 04:12:28 +0000 FEMA P-2192-V1 2020 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples, Training Materials, and Design Flow Charts - Volume I: Design Examples

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2020

]]> None

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	2020 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples, Training Materials, and Design Flow Charts
2	2020 NEHRP (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program) Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples
4	Foreword
5	Preface and Acknowledgements
7	Table of Contents
14	List of Figures
20	List of Tables
22	Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Overview
24	1.2 Evolution of Earthquake Engineering
28	1.3 History and Role of the NEHRP Provisions
32	1.4 Key Updates to the 2020 NEHRP Provisions and ASCE/SEI 7-22 1.4.1 Earthquake Ground Motions and Spectral Acceleration Parameters
35	1.4.2 New Shear Wall Seismic Force-Resisting Systems
36	1.4.3 Diaphragm Design
37	1.4.4 Nonstructural Components 1.4.5 Permitted Analytical Procedures and Configuration Irregularities
38	1.4.6 Displacement Requirements 1.4.7 Exceptions to Height Limitations
39	1.4.8 Nonbuilding Structures 1.4.9 Performance Intent and Seismic Resiliency
40	1.4.10 Seismic Lateral Earth Pressures 1.4.11 Soil-Structure Interaction 1.5 The NEHRP Design Examples
44	1.6 Organization and Presentation of the 2020 Design Examples H4
45	1.6.2 Presentation
46	1.7 References
52	Chapter 2: Fundamentals
53	2.1 Earthquake Phenomena
55	2.2 Structural Response to Ground Shaking 2.2.1 Response Spectra
61	2.2.2 Inelastic Response
64	2.2.3 Building Materials 2.2.3.1 WOOD 2.2.3.2 STEEL
65	2.2.3.3 REINFORCED CONCRETE 2.2.3.4 MASONRY 2.2.3.5 PRECAST CONCRETE
66	2.2.3.6 COMPOSITE STEEL AND CONCRETE 2.2.4 Building Systems
67	2.2.5 Supplementary Elements Added to Improve Structural Performance 2.3 Engineering Philosophy
69	2.4 Structural Analysis
72	2.5 Nonstructural Elements of Buildings
73	2.6 Quality Assurance 2.7 Resilience-Based Design 2.7.1 Background
75	2.7.2 Functional Recovery Objective
77	2.7.2.1 HAZARD LEVEL 2.7.2.2 EXPECTED FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY TIME
79	2.7.2.3 DESIRED OR ACCEPTABLE FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY TIME
81	2.7.3 Code-based Functional Recovery Design Provisions 2.7.3.1 SEISMIC FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEM
85	2.7.3.2 NONSTRUCTURAL SYSTEMS AND CONTENTS
86	2.7.4 Voluntary Design for Functional Recovery
88	2.7.5 References
92	Chapter 3: Earthquake Ground Motions 3.1 Overview
93	3.2 Seismic Design Maps 3.2.1 Development of MCER, MCEG, and TL Maps
94	3.2.2 Updates from ASCE/SEI 7-16 to ASCE/SEI 7-22
95	3.2.3 Online Access to Mapped and Other Ground-Motion Values
100	3.3 Multi-Period Response Spectra
101	3.3.1 Background 3.3.2 Design Parameters and Response Spectra of ASCE/SEI 7-16
103	3.3.3 Site-Specific Requirements of ASCE/SEI 7-16
104	3.3.4 New Ground Motion Parameters of ASCE/SEI 7-22 Chapter 11
108	3.3.5 New Site Classes of ASCE/SEI 7-22 Chapter 20
109	3.3.6 New Site-Specific Analysis Requirements of ASCE/SEI 7-22 Chapter 21
112	3.3.7 Example Comparisons of Design Response Spectra
113	WUS Sites – Irvine (Southern California) and San Mateo (Northern California)
115	OCONUS Sites – Honolulu (Hawaii) and Anchorage (Alaska)
118	CEUS Sites – St. Louis (Missouri) and Memphis (Tennessee)
120	3.4 Other Changes to Ground Motion Provisions in ASCE/SEI 7-22 3.4.1 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG) Peak Ground Acceleration (ASCE/SEI 7-22 Section 21.5) 3.4.2 Vertical Ground Motion for Seismic Design (ASCE/SEI 7-22 Section 11.9)
123	3.4.3 Site Class When Shear Wave Velocity Data are Unavailable (ASCE/SEI 7-22 Section 20.3)
125	3.5 References
127	Chapter 4: Reinforced Concrete Ductile Coupled Shear Wall System as a Distinct Seismic Force-Resisting System in ASCE/SEI 7-22
128	4.1 Introduction
130	4.2 Ductile Coupled Structural (Shear) Wall System of ACI 318-19
132	4.3 Ductile Coupled Structural (Shear) Wall System in ASCE/SEI 7-22
134	4.4 FEMA P695 Studies Involving Ductile Coupled Structural (Shear) Walls
143	4.5 Design of a Special Reinforced Concrete Ductile Coupled Wall 4.5.1 Introduction 4.5.1.1 GENERAL
145	4.5.1.2 DESIGN CRITERIA
146	4.5.1.3 DESIGN BASIS
147	4.5.1.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR DESIGN 4.5.1.5 SYSTEM IRREGULARITY AND ACCIDENTAL TORSION
148	4.5.1.6 REDUNDANCY FACTOR,  4.5.1.7 ANALYSIS BY EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE Structural period calculation Base shear calculation
149	4.5.1.8 MODAL RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
152	4.5.1.9 STORY DRIFT LIMITATION 4.5.2 Design of Shear Walls 4.5.2.1 DESIGN LOADS
153	4.5.2.2 DESIGN FOR SHEAR
156	4.5.2.3 BOUNDARY ELEMENTS OF SPECIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS (ACI 318-19 SECTION 18.10.6)
166	4.5.2.4 CHECK STRENGTH UNDER FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS (ACI 318-19 SECTION 18.10.5.1)
167	4.5.3 Design of Coupling Beam 4.5.3.1 DESIGN LOADS 4.5.3.2 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE
169	4.5.3.3 MINIMUM TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS 4.5.3.4 DESIGN FOR SHEAR
171	4.6 Acknowledgements 4.7 References
173	Chapter 5: Coupled Composite Plate Shear Walls / Concrete Filled (C-PSW/CFs) as a Distinct Seismic Force-Resisting System in ASCE/SEI 7-22
174	5.1 Introduction
175	5.2 Coupled Composite Plate Shear Wall / Concrete Filled (C-PSW/CF) Systems
177	5.3 Coupled C-PSW/CF System in ASCE/SEI 7-22
181	5.4 FEMA P695 Studies Involving Coupled C-PSW/CFs
186	5.5 Design of Coupled C-PSW/CF System 5.5.1 Overview
187	5.5.2 Building Description
189	5.5.3 General Information of the Considered Building 5.5.3.1 MATERIAL PROPERTIES 5.5.3.2 LOADS 5.5.3.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS
190	5.5.3.4 BUILDING SEISMIC WEIGHT
191	5.5.3.5 SEISMIC DESIGN PARAMETERS
192	5.5.3.6 SEISMIC FORCES
194	5.5.4 Structural Analysis (Seismic Design) 5.5.4.1 C-PSW/CFS AND COUPLING BEAM SECTION
196	5.5.4.2 NUMERICAL MODELING OF COUPLED C-PSW/CF
200	5.5.5 Design of Coupling Beams 5.5.5.1 FLEXURE-CRITICAL COUPLING BEAMS 5.5.5.2 EXPECTED FLEXURAL CAPACITY (MP.EXP.CB)
201	5.5.5.3 MINIMUM AREA OF STEEL 5.5.5.4 STEEL PLATE SLENDERNESS REQUIREMENT FOR COUPLING BEAMS
202	5.5.5.5 FLEXURAL STRENGTH (MP,CB)
203	5.5.5.6 NOMINAL SHEAR STRENGTH (VN.CB) 5.5.5.7 FLEXURE-CRITICAL COUPLING BEAMS (REVISITED)
204	5.5.6 Design of C-PSW/CF 5.5.6.1 STEP 4-1: MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM AREA OF STEEL 5.5.6.2 STEEL PLATE SLENDERNESS REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOSITE WALLS
205	5.5.6.3 TIE SPACING REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOSITE WALLS 5.5.6.4 REQUIRED WALL SHEAR STRENGTH 5.5.6.5 REQUIRED FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF COUPLED C-PSW/CF
206	5.5.6.6 COMPOSITE WALL RESISTANCE FACTOR
207	5.5.6.7 WALL TENSILE STRENGTH 5.5.6.8 WALL COMPRESSION STRENGTH
208	5.5.6.9 WALL FLEXURAL STRENGTH
211	5.5.6.10 WALL SHEAR STRENGTH
212	5.5.7 Coupling Beam Connection
215	5.5.7.1 FLANGE PLATE CONNECTION DEMAND 5.5.7.2 CALCULATE REQUIRED LENGTH OF CJP WELDING 5.5.7.3 CHECK SHEAR STRENGTH OF COUPLING BEAM FLANGE PLATE
216	5.5.7.4 CHECK SHEAR STRENGTH OF WALL WEB PLATES
217	5.5.7.5 CHECK DUCTILE BEHAVIOR OF FLANGE PLATES
218	5.5.7.6 CALCULATE FORCES IN WEB PLATES
219	5.5.7.7 CALCULATE FORCE DEMAND ON C-SHAPED WELD 5.5.7.8 SELECT WELD GEOMETRY
220	5.5.7.9 CALCULATE C-SHAPED WELD SHEAR & MOMENT CAPACITIES
221	5.5.7.10 CALCULATE C-SHAPED WELD TENSION CAPACITY 5.5.7.11 CALCULATE THE UTILIZATION OF C-SHAPED WELD CAPACITY
222	5.6 Acknowledgements 5.7 References
224	Chapter 6: Three-Story Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Shear Wall 6.1 Overview
225	6.2 Background
226	6.3 Cross-laminated Timber Shear Wall Example Description
229	6.4 Seismic Forces
231	6.5 CLT Shear Wall Shear Strength
233	6.5.1 Shear Capacity of Prescribed Connectors
234	6.5.2 Shear Capacity of CLT Panel
235	6.6 CLT Hold-down and Compression Zone for Overturning 6.6.1 CLT Shear Wall Hold-down Design
240	6.6.2 CLT Shear Wall Compression Zone
244	6.7 CLT Shear Wall Deflection
247	6.8 References
248	Chapter 7: Horizontal Diaphragm Design 7.1 Overview
251	7.2 Introduction to Diaphragm Seismic Design Methods
254	7.3 Step-By-Step Determination of Diaphragm Design Forces 7.3.1 Step-By-Step Determination of Diaphragm Design Forces Using the Section 12.10.1 and 12.10.2 Traditional Method
256	7.3.2 Step-By-Step Determination of Diaphragm Design Forces Using the Section 12.10.3 Alternative Provisions
262	7.3.3. Step-By-Step Determination of Diaphragm Design Forces Using the Section 12.10.4 Alternative Diaphragm Design Provisions for One-Story Structures with Flexible Diaphragms and Rigid Vertical Elements (Alternative RWFD Provisions)
267	7.4 Example: One-Story Wood Assembly Hall 7.4.1 Example Using the ASCE/SEI 7-22 Section 12.10.1 and 12.10.2 Traditional Diaphragm Design Method
270	7.4.2 Example: One-Story Wood Assembly Hall – ASCE/SEI 7-22 Section 12.10.3 Alternative Diaphragm Design Method
273	7.5 Example: Multi-Story Steel Building with Steel Deck Diaphragms 7.5.1 Example: Multi-Story Steel Building – Section 12.10.1 and 12.10.2 Traditional Diaphragm Design Method
280	7.5.2 Example: Multi-story Steel Building – ASCE/SEI 7-22 Section 12.10.3 Alternative Diaphragm Design Method
285	7.5.3 Comparison of Traditional and Alternative Procedure Diaphragm Design Forces
286	7.6 Example: One-Story RWFD Bare Steel Deck Diaphragm Building 7.6.1 Example: One-Story Bare Steel Deck Diaphragm Building Diaphragm Design – ASCE/SEI 7-22 Section 12.10.1 and 12.10.2 Traditional Design method
290	7.6.2 Example: One-Story Bare Steel Deck Diaphragm Building Diaphragm Design -Section 12.10.4 Alternative Design Method with Diaphragm Meeting AISI S400 Special Seismic Detailing Provisions
296	7.6.3 Example: One-Story Bare Steel Deck Diaphragm Building Diaphragm Design – ASCE/SEI 7-22 Section 12.10.4 Alternative Design Method with Diaphragm NOT Meeting AISI S400 Special Seismic Detailing Provisions
301	7.6.4 Comparison of Diaphragm Design Forces for Traditional and Alternative RWFD Provisions
302	7.7 References
303	Chapter 8: Nonstructural Components 8.1 Overview
305	8.2 Development and Background of the Requirements for Nonstructural Components 8.2.1 Approach to and Performance Objectives for Seismic Design of Nonstructural Components
306	8.2.2 Force Equations
307	8.2.3 Development of Nonstructural Seismic Design Force Equations in ASCE/SEI 7-22
308	8.2.3.1 NIST GCR 18-917 43
310	8.2.3.2 REVISIONS MADE IN THE 2020 NEHRP PROVISIONS
311	8.2.3.3 REVISIONS MADE FOR ASCE/SEI 7-22
314	8.2.4 Load Combinations and Acceptance Criteria
316	8.2.5 Component Importance Factor, Ip 8.2.6 Seismic Coefficient at Grade, 0.4SDS 8.2.7 Amplification with Height, Hf
318	8.2.8 Structure Ductility Reduction Factor, Rμ
320	8.2.9 Component Resonance Ductility Factor, CAR 8.2.9.1 COMPONENT PERIOD AND BUILDING PERIOD
322	8.2.9.2 COMPONENT AND/OR ANCHORAGE DUCTILITY
323	8.2.9.3 CAR CATEGORIES
325	8.2.10 Component Strength Factor, Rpo 8.2.11 Equipment Support Structures and Platforms and Distribution System Supports
328	8.2.12 Upper and Lower Bound Seismic Design Forces 8.2.13 Nonlinear Response History Analysis 8.2.14 Accommodation of Seismic Relative Displacements
330	8.2.15 Component Anchorage Factors and Acceptance Criteria
332	8.2.16 Construction Documents 8.2.17 Exempt Items
333	8.2.18 Pre-Manufactured Modular Mechanical and Electrical Systems
334	8.3 Architectural Concrete Wall Panel 8.3.1 Example Description
336	8.3.2 Providing Gravity Support and Accommodating Story Drift in Cladding
340	8.3.3 Design Requirements 8.3.3.1 ASCE/SEI 7-22 PARAMETERS AND COEFFICIENTS
344	8.3.3.2 APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS 8.3.4 Spandrel Panel – Wall Element and Body of Wall Panel Connections 8.3.4.1 CONNECTION LAYOUT
347	8.3.4.2 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
348	8.3.4.3 PROPORTIONING AND DESIGN
350	8.3.4.4 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC DISPLACEMENTS 8.3.5 Spandrel Panel – Fasteners of the Connecting System 8.3.5.1 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
352	8.3.5.2 PROPORTIONING AND DESIGN
355	8.3.5.3 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC DISPLACEMENTS 8.3.6 Column Cover 8.3.6.1 CONNECTION LAYOUT
357	8.3.6.2 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES 8.3.6.3 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC DISPLACEMENTS
360	8.3.7 Additional Design Considerations 8.3.7.1 PERFORMANCE INTENT FOR GLAZING IN EARTHQUAKES
365	8.3.7.2 WINDOW FRAME SYSTEM 8.3.7.3 BUILDING CORNERS
366	8.3.7.4 DIMENSIONAL COORDINATION 8.4 Seismic Analysis of Egress Stairs 8.4.1 Example Description
369	8.4.2 Design Requirements 8.4.2.1 ASCE/SEI 7-22 PARAMETERS AND COEFFICIENTS
372	8.4.2.2 APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS
373	8.4.3 Prescribed Seismic Forces
374	8.4.3.1 EGRESS STAIRWAYS NOT PART OF THE BUILDING SEISMIC FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEM
377	8.4.3.2 EGRESS STAIRS AND RAMP FASTENERS AND ATTACHMENTS
379	8.4.4 Prescribed Seismic Displacements
382	8.5 HVAC Fan Unit Support 8.5.1 Example Description
383	8.5.2 Design Requirements 8.5.2.1 ASCE/SEI 7-22 PARAMETERS AND COEFFICIENTS
386	8.5.2.2 APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS
387	8.5.3 Case 1: Direct Attachment to Structure
388	8.5.3.1 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
389	8.5.3.2 PROPORTIONING AND DESIGN 8.5.4 Case 2: Support on Vibration Isolation Springs
391	8.5.4.1 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
392	8.5.4.2 PROPORTIONING AND DESIGN
395	8.5.5 Additional Considerations for Support on Vibration Isolators
397	8.6 Piping System Seismic Design 8.6.1 Example Description
404	8.6.2 Design Requirements 8.6.2.1 ASCE/SEI 7-22 PARAMETERS AND COEFFICIENTS
407	8.6.2.2 APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS 8.6.3 Piping System Design 8.6.3.1 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
408	8.6.3.2 PROPORTIONING AND DESIGN
413	8.6.4 Pipe Supports and Bracing
414	8.6.4.1 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
416	8.6.4.2 PROPORTIONING AND DESIGN
422	8.6.5 Prescribed Seismic Displacements
425	8.7 Elevated Vessel Seismic Design 8.7.1 Example Description
429	8.7.2 Design Requirements 8.7.2.1 ASCE/SEI 7-22 PARAMETERS AND COEFFICIENTS
434	8.7.2.2 APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS 8.7.3 Vessel Support and Attachments 8.7.3.1 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
435	8.7.3.2 PROPORTIONING AND DESIGN
444	8.7.4 Supporting Frame 8.7.4.1 PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
446	8.7.4.2 PROPORTIONING AND DESIGN
454	8.7.5 Design Considerations for the Gravity Load-Carrying System
457	8.8 References

]]> ?u=/product/publishers/fema/fema-bcatregion9factsheet-2022/ Sun, 20 Oct 2024 04:12:25 +0000 FEMA FACT SHEET: 2022 Building Code Adoption Tracking: FEMA Region 9

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2022

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]]> ?u=/product/publishers/fema/fema-bcatregion8factsheet-2022/ Sun, 20 Oct 2024 04:12:25 +0000 FEMA FACT SHEET: 2022 Building Code Adoption Tracking: FEMA Region 8

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2022	3

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