{"id":155174,"date":"2024-10-19T09:14:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T09:14:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/asme-b31-4-2016\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T01:29:32","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T01:29:32","slug":"asme-b31-4-2016","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/asme\/asme-b31-4-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"ASME B31.4 2016"},"content":{"rendered":"

ASME has been defining piping safety since 1922. ASME B31.4 prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems between production fields or facilities, tank farms, above- or belowground storage facilities, natural gas processing plants, refineries, pump stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail, and truck), and other delivery and receiving points, as well as pipelines transporting liquids within pump stations, tank farms, and terminals associated with liquid pipeline systems. This Code also prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of piping transporting aqueous slurries of nonhazardous materials such as coal, mineral ores, concentrates, and other solid materials, between a slurry processing plant or terminal and a receiving plant or terminal. Piping here consists of pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices, fittings, and the pressure containing parts of other piping components. It also includes hangers and supports, and other equipment items necessary to prevent overstressing the pressure containing parts. It does not include support structures such as frames of buildings, stanchions, or foundations, or any equipment Also included within the scope of this Code are: (a) primary and associated auxiliary liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping at pipeline terminals (marine, rail, and truck), tank farms, pump stations, pressure-reducing stations, and metering stations, including scraper traps, strainers, and prover loops (b) storage and working tanks, including pipe-type storage fabricated from pipe and fittings, and piping interconnecting these facilities (c) liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping located on property that has been set aside for such piping within petroleum refinery, natural gasoline, gas processing, ammonia, and bulk plants (d) those aspects of operation and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems relating to the safety and protection of the general public, operating company personnel, environment, property, and the piping systems Key changes to this revision include a revised scope and updates to the stress section in Chapter II. A new paragraph has been added in Chapter III for material requirements in low-temperature applications. In addition, changes have been included throughout to reference minimum wall thickness requirements as permitted by manufacturing specifications. Careful application of these ASME B31 standards will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes. Intended for liquid pipeline designers, owners, regulators, inspectors, and manufacturers. Primary industries served include those for carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia, and liquid petroleum products.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nASME B31 COMMITTEE ROSTER <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nASME B31.4-2016 SUMMARY OF CHANGES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\nChapter I Scope and Definitions
400 GENERAL STATEMENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n400.1 Scope
400.1.1
400.1.2
400.2 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nFigures
Fig. 400.1.1-1 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 Excluding Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nFig. 400.1.1-2 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 for Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\nFig. 400.1.1-3 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 for Slurry Pipeline Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\nChapter II Design
401 LOADS
401.1 Load Classifications
401.1.1 Classification of Loads.
401.1.2 Sustained Loads.
401.1.3 Occasional Loads.
401.1.4 Construction Loads.
401.1.5 Transient Loads.
401.2 Application of Loads
401.2.1 Restrained Versus Unrestrained.
401.2.2 Sustained Loads
401.2.2.1 General. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n401.2.2.2 Internal Design Pressure.
401.2.2.3 External Hydrostatic Pressure.
401.2.2.4 Weight Effects.
401.2.2.5 Residual Loads.
401.2.2.6 Subsidence.
401.2.3 Occasional Loads
401.2.3.1 Earthquakes.
401.2.3.2 Wind Loads.
401.2.3.3 Ice Loads.
401.2.3.4 Road and Rail Traffic.
401.2.3.5 Vibration.
401.2.3.6 Waves and Currents.
401.2.3.7 Temperature Effects.
401.2.4 Construction Loads
401.2.4.1 Installation Loads.
401.2.4.2 Hydrostatic Testing.
401.3 Combining of Loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n402 CALCULATION OF STRESSES
402.1 General
402.2 Properties
402.2.1 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion.
402.2.2 Moduli of Elasticity.
402.2.3 Poisson\u0152s Ratio, nu.
402.3 Stress From Internal Pressure
402.4 Stress From External Pressure
402.5 Stress From Thermal Expansion
402.5.1 Restrained Pipe. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nTables
Table 402.1-1 Flexibility Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, i <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n402.5.2 Unrestrained Pipe.
402.6 Longitudinal Stress
402.6.1 Restrained Pipe.
402.6.2 Unrestrained Pipe. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n402.7 Combining of Stresses
402.8 Stresses From Road and Rail Traffic Loads
403 CRITERIA FOR PIPELINES
403.1 General
403.2 Criteria for Pipe Wall Thickness and Allowances
403.2.1 Criteria. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n403.2.2 Wall Thickness and Defect Tolerances.
403.2.3 Corrosion.
403.2.4 Threading and Grooving.
403.2.5 Use of High D\/t Ratio.
403.3 Criteria to Prevent Yield Failure
403.3.1 Strength Criteria.
Table 403.2.1-1 Weld Joint Factors Applicable to Common Pipe Specifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n403.3.2 Criteria for Allowable Stress Due to Periodic or Cyclic Loading.
403.3.3 Strain Criteria for Pipelines.
403.3.4 Criteria for Transient Overpressure.
403.4 Criteria to Prevent Buckling and Excessive Ovality
Table 403.3.1-1 Allowable Values for Pipeline System Stresses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n403.5 Criteria to Prevent Fatigue
403.6 Criteria to Prevent Loss of In-Place Stability
403.6.1 Strength Criteria During Installation and Testing.
403.6.2 Strength Criteria During Operations
403.6.2.1 General.
403.6.2.2 Design Current Conditions.
403.6.2.3 Stability Against Currents.
403.6.2.4 Shore Approaches.
403.6.2.5 Slope Failure and Soil Liquefaction. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n403.6.2.6 Earthquake-Prone Areas.
403.6.2.7 Pipe-Soil Interaction.
403.7 Criteria to Prevent Fracture
403.7.1 General.
403.7.2 Design Considerations.
403.7.3 Brittle Fractures.
403.7.4 Ductile Fractures.
403.8 Criteria for Crossings
403.8.1 General.
403.8.2 Trenched Water Crossings.
403.8.3 Directionally Drilled Crossings. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n403.8.4 Overhead Crossings.
403.8.5 Crossings Attached to Bridges.
403.8.6 Railroad and Highway Crossings.
403.8.7 Crossings of Pipelines and Utilities.
403.9 Criteria for Expansion and Flexibility
403.9.1 Unrestrained Pipelines.
403.9.2 Restrained Buried Pipelines. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n403.9.3 Restrained Aboveground Pipelines.
403.10 Criteria for Used Pipe
403.11 Criteria for Cold Worked Pipe
403.12 Criteria for Shear and Bearing Stresses
403.13 Criteria for Structural Supports and Restraints
404 CRITERIA FOR FITTINGS, ASSEMBLIES, AND OTHER COMPONENTS ALTERNATIVELY, CRITERIA FOR COMPONENTS
404.1 General Criteria for Piping Components
404.1.1 Steel Butt Welding Fittings.
404.1.2 Components Having Specific Pressure-Temperature Ratings.
404.1.3 Ratings — Components Not Having Specific Pressure-Temperature Ratings.
404.1.4 Pressure Criteria.
404.1.5 Overpressure Criteria.
404.1.6 Ratings — Considerations for Different Pressure Conditions. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n404.1.7 Fittings Exceeding Scope of Standard Sizes.
404.1.8 Special Fittings and Connections.
404.1.9 Thermowells.
404.2 Directional Changes
404.2.1 General.
404.2.2 Field Bends.
404.2.3 Induction Bends.
404.2.4 Mitered Bends.
404.2.5 Factory-Made Bends and Elbows. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n404.2.6 Wrinkle Bends.
404.3 Branch Connections
404.3.1 General.
404.3.2 Tees and Crosses.
404.3.3 Integrally Reinforced Extruded Outlet Headers
404.3.3.1 Definition.
404.3.3.2 Notation.
404.3.3.3 Criteria for Use. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nFig. 404.3.3.1-1 Reinforced Extruded Outlets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n404.3.3.4 Design.
404.3.3.5 Required Area.
404.3.3.6 Reinforcement Area.
404.3.3.7 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings.
404.3.3.8 Marking.
404.3.4 Welded Branch Connections.
404.3.5 Reinforcement of Single Openings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nFig. 404.3.4-1 Welding Details for Openings With Complete Encirclement Types of Reinforcement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nFig. 404.3.4-2 Welding Details for Openings With Localized-Type Reinforcement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFig. 404.3.4-3 Welding Details for Openings Without Reinforcement Other Than That in Header and Branch Walls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nFig. 404.3.5-1 Reinforcement of Branch Connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n404.3.6 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings
404.4 Flanges
404.4.1 General.
404.4.2 Steel Flanges Within Scope of Standard Sizes.
404.4.3 Cast Iron Flanges Within Scope of Standard Sizes. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n404.4.4 Flanges Exceeding Scope of Standard Sizes.
404.4.5 Flanges of Rectangular Cross Section.
404.4.6 Flange Facings.
404.4.7 Flange Gaskets
404.4.7.1 General.
404.4.7.2 Standard Gaskets.
404.4.7.3 Special Gaskets.
404.4.8 Flange Bolts
404.4.8.1 General.
404.4.8.2 Bolting for Insulating Flanges.
404.4.8.3 Bolting Steel to Cast Iron Flanges.
404.4.8.4 Bolting for Special Flanges.
404.5 Valves
404.5.1 General.
404.5.2 Special Valves.
404.6 Reducers
404.6.1 Manufactured Reducers. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n404.6.2 Fabricated Reducers.
404.6.3 Orange Peel Swages.
404.7 Closures
404.7.1 Quick-Opening Closures.
404.7.2 Closure Fittings.
404.7.3 Closure Heads.
404.7.4 Fabricated Closures.
404.7.5 Bolted Blind Flange Closures.
404.8 Joints
404.8.1 Butt Welds.
404.8.2 Flange Joints.
404.8.3 Threaded Joints.
404.8.4 Sleeve, Coupled, and Other Patented Joints.
404.9 Supports, Braces, Anchors, and Attachments
404.9.1 General.
404.9.2 Supports. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n404.9.3 Braces.
404.9.4 Attachments.
404.10 Other Pressure-Containing Components
404.11 Used Piping Components
404.12 Auxiliary and Relief Piping
404.12.1 Instrument and Other Auxiliary Piping.
404.12.2 Relief Piping. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nChapter III Materials
423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
423.1 Acceptable Materials and Specifications
423.2 Limitations on Materials
423.2.1 General
423.2.3 Steel.
423.2.4 Cast, Malleable, and Wrought Iron
423.2.5 Materials for Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia Pipeline Systems. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n423.2.6 Materials for Use in Low-Temperature Applications.
425 MATERIALS APPLIED TO MISCELLANEOUS PARTS
425.3 Gaskets
425.4 Bolting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nTable 423.1-1 Material Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nChapter IV Dimensional Requirements
426 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING COMPONENTS
426.1 Standard Piping Components
426.2 Nonstandard Piping Components
426.3 Threads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nTable 426.1-1 Dimensional Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nChapter V Construction, Welding, and Assembly
434 CONSTRUCTION
434.1 General
434.2 Qualifications
434.2.1 Construction Personnel.
434.2.2 Inspection.
434.3 Right-of-Way
434.3.1 Location.
434.3.2 Construction Requirements.
434.3.3 Survey and Staking or Marking.
434.4 Handling, Hauling, Stringing, and Storing
434.5 Damage to Fabricated Items and Pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n434.6 Ditching
434.7 Bends, Miters, and Elbows
434.7.1 Bends Made From Pipe
434.7.2 Mitered Bends
434.7.3 Factory-Made Bends and Elbows <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\n434.8 Welding
434.8.1 General
434.8.2 Welding Processes and Filler Metal
434.8.3 Welder and Welding Procedure Qualifications
Table 434.6-1 Minimum Cover for Buried Pipelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n434.8.4 Welding Standards.
434.8.5 Required Inspection and Acceptance Criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n434.8.6 Types of Welds, Joint Designs, and Transition Nipples
434.8.7 Removal or Repair of Defects
434.8.8 Preheating and Interpass Temperature
434.8.9 Stress Relieving <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nFig. 434.8.6-1 Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Equal Wall Thicknesses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nFig. 434.8.6-2 Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Unequal Wall Thicknesses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nFig. 434.8.6-3 Recommended Attachment Details of Flanges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n434.9 Tie-In
434.10 Installation of Pipe in the Ditch
434.11 Backfilling
434.12 Restoration of Right-of-Way and Cleanup
434.13 Special Crossings
434.13.1 Water Crossings.
434.13.2 Overhead Structures. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n434.13.3 Bridge Attachments.
434.13.4 Railroad and Highway Crossings
434.13.5 Directionally Drilled Crossings.
434.14 Inland Coastal Water Construction
434.15 Block and Isolating Valves
434.15.1 General
434.15.2 Mainline Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n434.15.3 Pump Station, Tank Farm, Slurry Holding Pond, and Terminal Valves
434.16 Connections to Main Lines
434.17 Scraper Traps
434.17.1
434.17.2
434.17.3
434.17.4
434.18 Line Markers
434.19 Corrosion Control
434.20 Pump Station, Tank Farm, and Terminal Construction
434.20.1 General. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n434.20.2 Location.
434.20.3 Building Installation.
434.20.4 Pumping Equipment and Prime Movers.
434.20.5 Pump Station, Tank Farm, and Terminal Piping.
434.20.6 Controls and Protective Equipment.
434.20.7 Fire Protection.
434.21 Storage and Working Tankage
434.21.1 General.
434.21.2 Location
434.21.3 Tanks and Pipe-Type Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n434.21.4 Foundations.
434.21.5 Dikes or Firewalls.
434.22 Electrical Installations
434.22.1 General.
434.22.2 Care and Handling of Materials.
434.22.3 Installation.
434.23 Liquid Metering
434.23.1
434.23.2
434.23.3
434.24 Liquid Strainers and Filters
434.24.1
434.24.2
434.24.3
434.24.4
435 ASSEMBLY OF PIPING COMPONENTS
435.1 General
435.2 Bolting Procedure
435.2.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n435.2.2
435.2.3
435.3 Pumping Unit Piping
435.3.1
435.3.2
435.3.3
435.3.4
435.3.5
435.4 Manifolds
435.4.1
435.4.2
435.4.3
435.4.4
435.4.5
435.4.6
435.5 Auxiliary Piping
435.5.1
435.5.2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nChapter VI Inspection and Testing
436 INSPECTION
436.1 General
436.2 Qualification of Inspectors
436.5 Type and Extent of Examination Required
436.5.1 Visual <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n436.5.2 Supplementary Types of Examination
436.6 Repair of Defects
436.6.1
436.6.2
436.6.3
437 TESTING
437.1 General
437.1.3 Testing of Fabricated Items
437.1.4 Testing After New Construction
437.1.5 Testing of Replacement Components. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n437.4 Test Pressure
437.4.1 Hydrostatic Testing of Internal Pressure Piping
437.4.3 Leak Testing.
437.6 Qualification Tests
437.6.1 Visual Examination.
437.6.2 Bending Properties
437.6.3 Determination of Wall Thickness.
437.6.4 Determination of Weld Joint Factor.
437.6.5 Weldability. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\n437.6.6 Determination of Yield Strength.
437.6.7 Minimum Yield Strength Value.
437.7 Records <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nChapter VII Operation and Maintenance Procedures
450 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AFFECTING THE SAFETY OF LIQUID AND SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS
450.1 General
450.2 Operation and Maintenance Plans and Procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
451.1 Operating Pressure
451.2 Communications
451.3 Line Markers and Signs
451.4 Right-of-Way Maintenance
451.5 Patrolling
451.6 Pipeline Integrity Assessments and Repairs
451.6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n451.6.2 Limits and Disposition of Imperfections and Anomalies
451.6.2.1 Limits.
451.6.2.2 Corrosion
Fig. 451.6.2.2-1 Type I Interaction
Fig. 451.6.2.2-2 Type II Interaction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\n451.6.2.3 Gouges, Grooves, and Arc Burns.
451.6.2.4 Dents.
451.6.2.5 Cracks.
451.6.2.6 Anomalies Created by Manufacturing Processes.
451.6.2.7 Blisters.
451.6.2.8 Buckles, Ripples, Wrinkles. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\n451.6.2.9 Permanent Repairs. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nTable 451.6.2.9-1 Acceptable Pipeline Repair Methods (Nonindented, Nonwrinkled, and Nonbuckled Pipe) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nTable 451.6.2.9-2 Acceptable Pipeline Repair Methods for Dents, Buckles, Ripples, Wrinkles, Leaking Couplings, and Defective Prior Repairs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\n451.6.2.10 Temporary Repairs.
451.6.3 Testing Repairs to Pipelines Operating at a Hoop Stress of More Than 20% of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength of the Pipe.
451.8 Valve Maintenance
451.9 Railroads and Highways Crossing Existing Pipelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\n451.10 Inland Waters Platform Risers
451.11 Leak Detection
451.12 Strain Criteria for Existing Pipelines
452 PUMP STATION, TERMINAL, AND STORAGE FACILITIES OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
452.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\n452.2 Controls and Protective Equipment
452.3 Storage Facilities
452.4 Storage of Combustible Materials
452.5 Fencing
452.6 Signs
452.7 Prevention of Accidental Ignition
453 CORROSION CONTROL
454 EMERGENCY PLAN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\n455 RECORDS
456 QUALIFYING A PIPING SYSTEM FOR A HIGHER OPERATING PRESSURE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\n457 ABANDONING A PIPING SYSTEM <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nChapter VIII Corrosion Control
460 GENERAL
461 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR BURIED OR SUBMERGED PIPELINES
461.1 New Installations
461.1.1 General.
461.1.2 Coating Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\n461.1.3 Cathodic Protection Requirements.
461.1.4 Electrical Isolation
461.1.4.1 Foreign Structures.
461.1.4.2 Electric Transmission Lines.
461.1.4.3 Transported Products.
461.1.5 Electrical Connections and Monitoring Points
461.1.6 Electrical Interference
461.1.7 Casings. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n461.2 Existing Buried or Submerged Steel Pipelines
461.2.1 General.
461.2.2 Evaluation
461.2.3 Corrective Measures
461.2.4 Cathodic Protection Criteria
461.2.5 Electrical Interference
461.2.6 Examination When Exposed
461.2.7 Tests and Inspections of Cathodic Protection System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\n461.2.8 Casings.
462 INTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL
462.1 General
462.2 New Installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\n462.3 Existing Installations
463 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR PIPELINES EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERE
463.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\n464 PIPELINES IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS
464.1 General
464.2 External Coating Requirements
464.3 Cathodic Protection Facilities
464.3.1 Criteria.
464.3.2 Impressed Current Facilities
464.3.3 Galvanic Anode Installations.
464.4 Monitoring
464.5 Internal Corrosion Control
465 PIPELINES IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE
465.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\n465.2 External Coating Requirements
465.3 Cathodic Protection Facilities
465.3.1 Criteria.
465.3.2 Galvanic Anodes.
465.4 Internal Corrosion Control
466 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR THERMALLY INSULATED PIPELINES
466.1 New Installations
466.1.1 General.
466.1.2 External Coating Requirements.
466.1.3 Water Stops.
466.1.4 Cathodic Protection.
466.1.4.1 External Anodes.
466.1.4.2 Internal Anodes. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n466.2 Existing Installations
467 STRESS CORROSION AND OTHER PHENOMENA
468 RECORDS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\nChapter IX Offshore Liquid Pipeline Systems
A400 GENERAL STATEMENTS
A400.1 Scope
A400.2 Definitions Applicable to This Chapter Only <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nA401 DESIGN CONDITIONS
A401.1 General
A401.1.1 Offshore Design Conditions.
A401.9 Installation Design Considerations
A401.9.1 Loads for Installation Design.
A401.9.2 Installation Loads.
A401.9.3 Environmental Loads During Installation. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\nA401.9.4 Bottom Soils.
A401.10 Operational Design Considerations
A401.10.1 Loads for Operational Design.
A401.10.2 Operational Loads.
A401.10.3 Environmental Loads During Operation.
A401.10.4 Bottom Soils.
A401.11 Hydrostatic Test Design Considerations
A401.11.1 Loads for Hydrostatic Test Design.
A401.11.2 Hydrostatic Test Loads. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\nA401.11.3 Environmental Loads During Hydrostatic Test.
A401.11.4 Bottom Soils.
A401.12 Route Selection Considerations
A402 CALCULATION OF STRESSES
A402.3 Stresses From Internal Pressure
A402.3.4 Strength Criteria During Installation and Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\nA402.3.5 Strength Criteria During Operations
Table A402.3.5-1 Design Factors for Offshore Pipeline Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nA402.3.7 Design of Clamps and Supports.
A402.3.8 Design of Connectors and Flanges.
A402.3.9 Design of Structural Pipeline Riser Protectors. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\nA402.3.10 Design and Protection of Special Assemblies.
A402.3.11 Design of Flexible Pipe.
A402.3.12 Design of Pipeline Crossings.
A402.4 Allowances
A402.4.3 Weld Joint Factors.
A403 CRITERIA FOR PIPELINES
A403.2 Criteria for Pipe Wall Thickness and Allowances
A403.2.1 Criteria
A403.9 Criteria for Expansion and Flexibility
A404 CRITERIA FOR FITTINGS, ASSEMBLIES, AND OTHER COMPONENTS ALTERNATIVELY, CRITERIA FOR COMPONENTS
A404.2 Directional Changes
A404.2.4 Mitered Bends.
A404.3 Branch Connections
A404.3.5 Reinforcement of Single Openings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\nA404.3.6 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings
A404.4 Flanges
A404.4.1 General.
A404.4.6 Flange Facings.
A404.5 Valves
A404.5.1 General.
A404.6 Reducers
A404.6.3 Orange Peel Swages.
A404.7 Closures
A404.7.4 Fabricated Closures.
A404.8 Joints
A404.8.3 Threaded Joints.
A405 PIPE
A405.1 Steel Pipe
A405.2 Flexible Pipe
A406 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
A406.1 Pigs and Internal Inspection Tools
A406.2 Special Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\nA421 DESIGN OF PIPE-SUPPORTING ELEMENTS
A423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
A423.1 Acceptable Materials and Specifications
A423.2 Limitations on Materials
A434 CONSTRUCTION
A434.2 Inspection
A434.3 Right-of-Way
A434.3.3 Survey and Staking or Marking.
A434.6 Ditching
A434.7 Bends, Miters, and Elbows
A434.7.1 Bends Made From Pipe
A434.8 Welding
A434.8.3 Welding Qualifications.
A434.8.5 Welding Quality <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\nA434.8.9 Stress Relieving
A434.11 Backfilling
A434.13 Special Crossings
A434.13.1 Water Crossings.
A434.14 Offshore Pipeline Construction
A434.14.1 Pipe Depth and Alignment.
A434.14.2 Installation Procedures and Equipment Selection.
A434.14.3 Movement of Existing Pipelines.
A434.15 Block and Isolating Valves
A434.15.1 General
A434.18 Line Markers
A436 INSPECTION
A436.2 Qualification of Inspectors
A436.5 Type and Extent of Examination Required
A436.5.1 Visual <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\nA437 TESTING
A437.1 General
A437.1.4 Testing After New Construction
A437.4 Test Pressure
A437.4.3 Leak Testing.
A437.6 Qualification Tests
A437.7 Records
A450 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AFFECTING THE SAFETY OF LIQUID AND SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS
A450.2 Operation and Maintenance Plans and Procedures
A451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
A451.1 Operating Pressure
A451.3 Markers
A451.4 Right-of-Way Maintenance
A451.5 Patrolling
A451.6 Pipeline Integrity Assessment and Repairs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\nA451.6.1 General.
A451.6.2 Disposition of Defects
A451.6.4 Repair of Flexible Pipe
A451.8 Valve Maintenance
A451.9 Railroads and Highways Crossing Existing Pipelines
A451.10 Offshore Pipeline Risers
A452 PUMP STATION, TERMINAL, AND STORAGE FACILITIES OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
A452.5 Fencing
A452.7 Prevention of Accidental Ignition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\nA454 EMERGENCY PLAN
A460 GENERAL
A461 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR OFFSHORE SUBMERGED PIPELINES
A461.1 New Installations
A461.1.1 General
A461.1.2 Protective Coating
A461.1.3 Cathodic Protection System
A461.1.4 Electrical Isolation
A461.1.5 Test Leads
A461.1.6 Electrical Interference
A461.3 Monitoring
A463 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR PIPELINES EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERE
A463.1 New Offshore Installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\nChapter X Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems
B400 GENERAL STATEMENTS
B400.1 Scope
B400.2 Definitions Applicable to This Chapter Only
B423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
B423.2 Limitations on Materials
B423.2.6 Materials for Carbon Dioxide Piping Systems.
B434 CONSTRUCTION
B434.15 Block and Isolating Valves
B434.15.2 Mainline Valves.
B434.18 Line Markers
B437 TESTING
B437.4 Test Pressure
B437.4.1 Hydrostatic Testing of Internal Pressure Piping
B437.7 Records
B451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
B451.6 Pipeline Integrity Assessments and Repairs
B451.6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\nB454 EMERGENCY PLAN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\nChapter XI Slurry Pipeline Systems
C400 GENERAL STATEMENTS
C400.1 Scope
C400.2 Definitions Applicable to This Chapter Only
C401 LOADS
C401.2 Application of Loads
C401.2.3 Occasional Loads
C401.2.3.7 Temperature Effects.
C403 CRITERIA FOR PIPELINES
C403.2 Criteria for Pipe Wall Thickness and Allowances
C403.3 Criteria to Prevent Yield Failure
C403.3.1 Strength Criteria. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\nC403.15 Other Slurry Design Considerations
C404 CRITERIA FOR FITTINGS, ASSEMBLIES, AND OTHER COMPONENTS ALTERNATIVELY, CRITERIA FOR COMPONENTS
C404.2 Directional Changes
C404.2.4 Mitered Bends.
C404.3 Branch Connections
C404.3.1 General.
C404.4 Flanges
C404.4.1 General.
C404.5 Valves
C404.5.1 General.
C404.5.2 Special Valves.
C404.6 Reducers
C404.6.3 Orange Peel Swages.
C423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
C423.2 Limitations on Materials
C423.2.1 General
C423.2.4 Cast, Ductile, Malleable, and Wrought Iron
C426 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING COMPONENTS
C426.1 Standard Piping Components
C434 CONSTRUCTION
C434.21 Storage and Working Tankage
C434.21.3 Tanks and Pipe-Type Storage
C434.21.6 Slurry Holding Ponds <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\nTable C423.1-1 Material Standards
Table C423.1-2 Material Standards Not Applicable for Slurry Piping Systems From Table 423.1-1
Table C426.1-2 Dimensional Standards Not Applicable for Slurry Piping Systems From Table 426.1-1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\nC434.23 Slurry Metering
C434.23.1
C437 TESTING
C437.4 Test Pressure
C437.4.1 Hydrostatic Testing of Internal Pressure Piping
C451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
C451.5 Patrolling
C454 EMERGENCY PLAN
C457 ABANDONING A PIPING SYSTEM
C460 GENERAL
C461 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR BURIED OR SUBMERGED PIPELINES
C461.2 Existing Buried Steel Pipelines
C468 RECORDS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\nMANDATORY APPENDIX I REFERENCED STANDARDS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
125<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX A SUBMITTAL OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES TO THE B31 PRESSURE PIPING COMMITTEE
A-1 INTRODUCTION
A-2 INQUIRY FORMAT
A-3 CODE REVISIONS OR ADDITIONS
A-4 CODE CASES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\nA-5 CODE INTERPRETATIONS
A-6 SUBMITTAL AND RESPONSE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX B PUBLICATIONS THAT DO NOT APPEAR IN THE CODE OR MANDATORY APPENDIX I BUT MAY BE OF INFORMATIONAL BENEFIT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\nINDEX <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\n How can you reach us? It\u0152s easier than ever! <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ASME B31.4 – 2016: Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASME<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2016<\/td>\n138<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":155178,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2643],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-155174","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-asme","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/155174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/155178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=155174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=155174"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=155174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}