IEC 60034-18-41:2014 defines criteria for assessing the insulation system of stator\/rotor windings which are subjected to voltage-source pulse-width-modulation drives. It applies to stator\/rotor windings of single or polyphase AC machines with insulation systems for converter operation. It describes qualification tests and quality control (type and routine) tests on representative samples or on completed machines which verify fitness for operation with voltage source converters.<\/p>\n
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| 4<\/td>\n | Foreword Endorsement notice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 5<\/td>\n | Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | English CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 4 Machine terminal voltages arising from converter operation Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Voltage impulse waveshape parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | Tables Table 1 \u2013 Common ranges of characteristics of the terminalvoltages of converter fed machines Table 2 \u2013 Definition of symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | Figure 2 \u2013 Five step phase to phase voltage at the terminalsof a machine fed by a 3-level converter Figure 3 \u2013 Jump voltage (Uj) at the machine terminals associatedwith a converter drive <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 5 Electrical stresses in the insulation system of machine windings 5.1 General Figure 4 \u2013 Voltage enhancement at the terminals of a motor due to reflectionas a function of cable length for various impulse rise times <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 5.2 Voltages stressing the phase\/phase insulation 5.3 Voltages stressing the phase\/ground insulation 5.4 Voltages stressing the turn and strand insulation Figure 6 \u2013 Example of a form-wound design Figure 5 \u2013 Example of a random wound design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 5.5 Mechanisms of insulation degradation Figure 7 \u2013 Worst case voltage stressing the turn\/turn insulation in a varietyof random wound stators as a function of the rise time of the impulse <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 6 Types of machine insulation 7 Stress categories for Type I insulation systems used in converter fed machines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | Table 3 \u2013 Influence of features of the machine terminal voltageon components of Type I insulation systems Table 4 \u2013 Stress categories for Type I insulation systems based on a 2-level converter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 8 Design qualification and type tests for Type I insulation systems 8.1 General 8.2 Design qualification test 8.3 Type test 9 Test equipment 9.1 PD measurement at power frequency 9.2 PD measurement during voltage impulses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 9.3 Voltage impulse generators 9.4 Sensitivity 9.5 PD tests 9.5.1 Power frequency voltage 9.5.2 Impulse excitation 10 Qualification of the design of Type I insulation systems 10.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 10.2 Approach 10.2.1 General 10.2.2 Twisted pair or equivalent arrangement 10.2.3 Motorette (random wound) or formette (form-wound) 10.2.4 Complete windings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 10.3 Preparation of test objects 10.3.1 General 10.3.2 Turn\/turn insulation samples 10.3.3 Motorette\/formette test samples or complete windings Table 5 \u2013 Allowable voltage waveforms for testing system components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 10.4 Design qualification tests 10.4.1 General 10.4.2 Pre-diagnostic tests 10.4.3 Diagnostic tests 10.4.4 Ageing cycle 10.4.5 PD tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 10.5 Pass criterion for the design qualification test 11 Type test procedure for Type I insulation systems 11.1 General 11.2 Power frequency PD tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 11.3 Impulse PD tests 12 Routine tests 13 Analysis, reporting and classification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) Derivation of possible terminal voltages in service for a converter-fed machine A.1 Calculation of d.c. bus voltage Figure A.1 \u2013 Circuit diagram for a converter\/machine system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | A.2 Calculation of maximum peak voltages for a 2-level converter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | Table A.1 \u2013 Examples of maximum peak voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | Annex B (normative) Derivation of test voltages for Type I insulation systems B.1 Stress categories B.2 Requirements for the applied impulse voltage Table B.1 \u2013 Summary of stress categories <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | B.3 Enhancement factors for PD tests Figure B.1 \u2013 Forbidden zone (shaded) for impulse tests Figure B.2 \u2013 Examples of test waveforms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | B.4 Voltage for design qualification and type tests Table B.2 \u2013 Summary of enhancement factors to be applied to the operating voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Figure B.3 \u2013 Comparison of phase\/phase, phase\/ground, and turn\/turn voltagesfor a 2-level converter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | Figure B.4 \u2013 Impulse test voltage waveforms and the levels for applying the same peak\/peak voltage of 2aUj on the turn\/turn insulation (schematic representation) Table B.3 \u2013 Maximum peak\/peak operating voltages related to Udc for a 2-level converter according to the stress categories of Table 4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | B.5 Examples of maximum peak\/peak operating voltages B.6 Calculation of test voltages Table B.4 \u2013 Examples of maximum peak\/peak operating voltage\u00a0for a 500 V r.m.s. rated winding fed from a 2-level converter, according to the stress categories of Table 4. Table B.5 \u2013 Examples of maximum peak\/peak test voltage\u00a0for a 500 V rated winding fed from a 2-level converter, according to the stress categories of Table 4 and with EF 1,25 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | Figure B.5 \u2013 Test voltages for phase\/ground and turn\/turn impulsetests using a unipolar impulse Table B.6 \u2013 Turn\/turn PD test levels for special windings and twisted pairs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | Annex C (normative) Derivation of allowable voltages in service C.1 Impulse voltage insulation class (IVIC) of the machine C.2 Impulse voltage insulation class assigned in special designs Table C.1 \u2013 Maximum allowable operating voltageat the machine terminals in units of UN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Rotating electrical machines – Partial discharge free electrical insulation systems (Type I) used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters. Qualification and quality control tests<\/b><\/p>\n |