{"id":255561,"date":"2024-10-19T16:53:41","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T16:53:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-iec-61400-27-12020\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T12:21:36","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T12:21:36","slug":"bs-en-iec-61400-27-12020","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-iec-61400-27-12020\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN IEC 61400-27-1:2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

IEC 61400-27-1:2020 defines standard electrical simulation models for wind turbines and wind power plants. The specified models are time domain positive sequence simulation models, intended to be used in power system and grid stability analyses. The models are applicable for dynamic simulations of short term stability in power systems. This document defines the generic terms and parameters for the electrical simulation models. This document specifies electrical simulation models for the generic wind power plant topologies \/ configurations currently on the market. The wind power plant models include wind turbines, wind power plant control and auxiliary equipment. The wind power plant models are described in a modular way which can be applied for future wind power plant concepts and with different wind turbine concepts.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nundefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nAnnex ZA(normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION
Figures
Figure 1 \u2013 Classification of power system stability according to IEEE\/CIGRE Joint Task Force on Stability Terms and Definitions [11] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and subscripts
3.1 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n3.2 Abbreviations and subscripts
3.2.1 Abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n3.2.2 Subscripts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n4 Symbols and units
4.1 General
4.2 Symbols (units) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n5 Functional specification of models
5.1 General specifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n5.2 Wind turbine models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n5.3 Wind power plant models
6 Formal specification of modular structures of models
6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n6.2 Wind turbine models
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Type 1
Figure 2 \u2013 Generic structure of WT models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nFigure 3 \u2013 Modular structure of the type 1A WT model
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Modules used in type 1A model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n6.2.3 Type 2
Figure 4 \u2013 Modular structure of the type 1B WT model
Table 2 \u2013 Modules used in type 1B model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\nFigure 5 \u2013 Modular structure of the type 2 WT model
Table 3 \u2013 Modules used in type 2 model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n6.2.4 Type 3
Figure 6 \u2013 Modular structure of the type 3A and type 3B WT models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nFigure 7 \u2013 Modular generator control sub-structure of the type 3A and type 3B models
Table 4 \u2013 Modules used in type 3A model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n6.2.5 Type 4
Table 5 \u2013 Modules used in type 3B model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nFigure 8 \u2013 Modular structure of the type 4A WT model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\nFigure 9 \u2013 Modular generator control sub-structure of the type 4A model
Table 6 \u2013 Modules used in type 4A model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nFigure 10 \u2013 Modular structure of the type 4B WT model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nFigure 11 \u2013 Modular generator control sub-structure of the type 4B model
Table 7 \u2013 Modules used in type 4B model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n6.3 Auxiliary equipment models
6.3.1 STATCOM
Figure 12 \u2013 Modular structure of STATCOM model
Figure 13 \u2013 Modular structure of the STATCOM control model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n6.3.2 Other auxiliary equipment
6.4 Wind power plant models
6.4.1 General
Figure 14 \u2013 General structure of WP model
Table 8 \u2013 Modules used in STATCOM model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n6.4.2 Wind power plant control and communication
Figure 15 \u2013 General modular structure of WP control and communication block <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n6.4.3 Basic wind power plant
Figure 16 \u2013 Single line diagram for basic WP model
Table 9 \u2013 Modules used in WP control and communication model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n6.4.4 Wind power plant with reactive power compensation
Figure 17 \u2013 Single line diagram for WP model with reactive power compensation
Table 10 \u2013 Models and additional modules used in the basic WP model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n7 Formal specification of modules
7.1 General
Table 11 \u2013 Models and modules used in the WP modelwith reactive power compensation
Table 12 \u2013 Global model parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n7.2 Aerodynamic modules
7.2.1 Constant aerodynamic torque module
Table 13 \u2013 Initialisation variable used in module block diagrams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n7.2.2 One-dimensional aerodynamic module
7.2.3 Two-dimensional aerodynamic module
Figure 18 \u2013 Block diagram for constant aerodynamic torque module
Figure 19 \u2013 Block diagram for one-dimensional aerodynamic module
Table 14 \u2013 Parameter list for one-dimensional aerodynamic module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nFigure 20 \u2013 Block diagram for two-dimensional aerodynamic module
Table 15 \u2013 Parameter list for two-dimensional aerodynamic module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n7.3 Mechanical modules
7.3.1 Two mass module
7.3.2 Other mechanical modules
7.4 Generator and converter system modules
7.4.1 Asynchronous generator module
Figure 21 \u2013 Block diagram for two mass module
Table 16 \u2013 Parameter list for two-mass module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n7.4.2 Type 3A generator system module
Figure 22 \u2013 Block diagram for type 3A generator system module
Table 17 \u2013 Parameter list for type 3A generator system module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n7.4.3 Type 3B generator system module
Table 18 \u2013 Parameter list for type 3B generator system module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n7.4.4 Type 4 generator system module
Figure 23 \u2013 Block diagram for type 3B generator system module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n7.4.5 Reference frame rotation module
Figure 24 \u2013 Block diagram for type 4 generator system module
Table 19 \u2013 Parameter list for type 4 generator system module
Table 20 \u2013 Parameter list for reference frame rotation module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n7.5 Electrical systems modules
7.5.1 Electrical systems gamma module
Figure 25 \u2013 Block diagram for the reference frame rotation module
Table 21 \u2013 Parameter list for electrical systems gamma module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n7.5.2 Other electrical systems modules
7.6 Pitch control modules
7.6.1 Pitch control power module
Figure 26 \u2013 Single line diagram for electrical systems gamma module
Table 22 \u2013 Parameter list for pitch control power module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n7.6.2 Pitch angle control module
Figure 27 \u2013 Block diagram for pitch control power module
Table 23 \u2013 Parameter list for pitch angle control module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\n7.7 Generator and converter control modules
7.7.1 Rotor resistance control module
Figure 28 \u2013 Block diagram for pitch angle control module
Table 24 \u2013 Parameter list for rotor resistance control module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n7.7.2 P control module type 3
Figure 29 \u2013 Block diagram for rotor resistance control module
Table 25 \u2013 Parameter list for P control module type 3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nFigure 30 \u2013 Block diagram for type 3 P control module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n7.7.3 P control module type 4A
Figure 31 \u2013 Block diagram for type 3 torque PI
Table 26 \u2013 Parameter list for P control module type 4A <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n7.7.4 P control module type 4B
Figure 32 \u2013 Block diagram for type 4A P control module
Table 27 \u2013 Parameter list for P control module type 4B <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n7.7.5 Q control module
Figure 33 \u2013 Block diagram for type 4B P control module
Table 28 \u2013 General WT Q control modes MqG
Table 29 \u2013 Reactive current injection for each FRT Q control modes MqFRT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nTable 30 \u2013 Parameter list for Q control module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nFigure 34 \u2013 Block diagram for Q control module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n7.7.6 Current limitation module
Table 31 \u2013 Description of FFRT flag values
Table 32 \u2013 Parameter list for current limiter module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n7.7.7 Constant Q limitation module
Figure 35 \u2013 Block diagram for current limiter
Table 33 \u2013 Parameter list for constant Q limitation module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n7.7.8 QP and QU limitation module
Figure 36 \u2013 Block diagram for constant Q limitation module
Figure 37 \u2013 Block diagram for QP and QU limitation module
Table 34 \u2013 Parameter list for QP and QU limitation module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n7.8 Grid interfacing modules
7.8.1 Grid protection module
Table 35 \u2013 Parameter list for grid protection module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n7.8.2 Grid measurement module
Figure 38 \u2013 Block diagram for grid protection system
Table 36 \u2013 Parameter list for grid measurement module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n7.9 Wind power plant control modules
7.9.1 WP P control module
Figure 39 \u2013 Block diagram for u-f measurement
Table 37 \u2013 Parameter list for power\/frequency control module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n7.9.2 WP Q control module
Figure 40 \u2013 Block diagram for WP power\/frequency control module
Table 38 \u2013 Parameter list for reactive power\/voltage control module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nFigure 41 \u2013 Block diagram for WP reactive power\/voltage control module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n7.10 Communication modules
7.10.1 General
7.10.2 Communication delay module
7.10.3 Linear communication module
Figure 42 \u2013 Block diagram for communication delay module
Table 39 \u2013 Parameter list for communication delay module
Table 40 \u2013 Parameter list for linear communication module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n7.11 Electrical components modules
7.11.1 Line module
7.11.2 Transformer module
7.11.3 Other electrical components modules
Figure 43 \u2013 Block diagram for linear communication modulefor an example with N communication variables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative)Estimation of parameters for single branchpower collection system model
A.1 General
A.2 Description of method
A.2.1 General
A.2.2 Lines aggregation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nA.2.3 Wind turbine transformers aggregation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\nA.3 Numerical example
Figure A.1 \u2013 WP power collection system example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nTable A.1 \u2013 Lines parameters and aggregation calculations.The data is in per-units using WP base values
Table A.2 \u2013 Transformers parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nTable A.3 \u2013 Estimated parameters for the single branch collection system model in 6.4.3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative)Two-dimensional aerodynamic model
B.1 Objective
B.2 Wind speed input model
Figure B.1 \u2013 Turbine aerodynamics model proposed by Fortmann (2014) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nTable B.1 \u2013 Lookup table specifying the function \u2202p\u03c9(\u03bd0)
Table B.2 \u2013 Parameter list for the wind speed input model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nB.3 Parameters for power input module <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative)Implementation of generator systems modules with external impedance
Figure C.1 \u2013 Type 3A generator system module with parallel reactance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nFigure C.2 \u2013 Type 3B generator system module with parallel reactance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nFigure C.3 \u2013 Type 4 generator system module with parallel reactance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nAnnex D (normative)Block symbol library
D.1 General
D.2 Switch
D.3 Time step delay
Figure D.1 \u2013 Block symbol for switch with a) a variable flag input and b) a constant mode
Figure D.2 \u2013 Block symbol for single integration time step delay <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nD.4 Stand-alone ramp rate limiter
D.5 First order filter
Figure D.3 \u2013 Block symbol for stand-alone ramp rate limiter
Figure D.4 \u2013 Block diagram for implementation of the stand-alone ramp rate limiter
Figure D.5 \u2013 Block symbol for first order filter with absolute limits,rate limits and freeze flag <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nD.6 Lookup table
D.7 Comparator
Figure D.6 \u2013 Block diagram for implementation of the first order filterwith absolute limits, rate limits and freeze state
Figure D.7 \u2013 Block diagram for implementation of the freeze state without filter (T = 0)
Figure D.8 \u2013 Block symbol for lookup table <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nD.8 Timer
Figure D.9 \u2013 Block symbols for comparators
Figure D.10 \u2013 Block symbol for timer
Figure D.11 \u2013 Function of timer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nD.9 Anti windup integrator
D.10 Integrator with reset
Figure D.12 \u2013 Block symbol for anti windup integrator
Figure D.13 \u2013 Block diagram for implementation of anti windup integrator
Figure D.14 \u2013 Block symbol for integrator with reset <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\nD.11 First order filter with limitation detection
D.12 Rising edge detection
Figure D.15 \u2013 Block symbol for first order filter with limitation detection
Figure D.16 \u2013 Block diagram for implementation of first order filterwith limitation detection
Figure D.17 \u2013 Block symbol rising edge detection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\nD.13 Falling edge detection
D.14 Delay flag
Figure D.18 \u2013 Block diagram for rising edge detection
Figure D.19 \u2013 Block symbol falling edge detection
Figure D.20 \u2013 Block diagram for falling edge detection
Figure D.21 \u2013 Block symbol for delay flag <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\nD.15 Variable delay flag
Figure D.22 \u2013 Block diagram for implementation of delay flag
Figure D.23 \u2013 Block symbol for delay flag <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nD.16 Dead band
D.17 Circuit breaker
Figure D.24 \u2013 Block diagram for implementation of variable delay flag
Figure D.25 \u2013 Block symbol dead band
Figure D.26 \u2013 Block symbol for circuit breaker <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Wind energy generation systems – Electrical simulation models. Generic models<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2020<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":255565,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-255561","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/255561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/255565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=255561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=255561"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=255561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}