This document deals with the protection of PV power supply systems against detrimental effects of lightning strikes and surge voltages of atmospheric origin. In the event that a lightning and\/or surge voltage protection is required to be erected, this document describes requirements and measures for maintaining the safety, functionality, and availability of the PV power supply systems.<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 4 Design principles 4.1 Causes of damage and damages 4.2 Galvanic coupling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 4.3 Magnetic field coupling Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Examples of direct-axis components of voltage for galvanic coupling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 4.4 Electric field coupling 4.5 Risk management Figure 2 \u2013 Voltages induced in loops by the steepness of the lightning current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 5 Lightning protection system (LPS) 5.1 General Figure 3 \u2013 High resolution full climatology (HRFC) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 5.2 External lightning protection Figure 4 \u2013 Example for the design of the air-termination systemfor a PV power supply system using the rolling sphere method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | Figure 5 \u2013 Maintaining the separation distance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 5.3 Internal lightning protection Figure 6 \u2013 Example for the design of the air-termination systemfor a PV power supply system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 5.4 Lightning equipotential bonding 5.5 Lightning protection zone concept 5.6 Selection of surge protective devices (SPDs) 5.6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | Figure 7 \u2013 Use of SPDs in PV power supply systems Tables Table 1 \u2013 Selection of the SPD test class (type) and minimumcross-section of the equipotential bonding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | Figure 8 \u2013 Situation A) The surge voltage protection concept for a PV power supply system on a building without external lightning protection Figure 9 \u2013 Situation B) Surge voltage protection conceptfor a PV power supply system on a building with externallightning protection, the separation distance s is maintained <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | Figure 10 \u2013 Situation C) Surge voltage protection concept for a PV powersupply system on a building with external lightning protection,the separation distance s is not maintained Figure 11 \u2013 Situation C) Surge voltage protection concept for a PV power supply system on a building with external lightning protection, the separation distance s is not maintained, use of a shield able to carry the lightning current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | Figure 12 \u2013 Flow chart for the selection of protective measures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 5.6.2 Class I tested SPD, lightning current-carrying capacity Iimp Table 2 \u2013 Selection of the minimum discharge capacity of voltage limiting SPDsof Class I tested (voltage limiting type) or combined SPDs of Type 1(series connection of voltage limiting type and voltage switching type) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | Figure 13 \u2013 Example of a structure with two down-conductorsof the external lightning protection system Table 3 \u2013 Selection of the minimum discharge capacity of voltage switchingclass I tested SPDs (voltage switching) or combined class I tested SPDs(parallel connection of voltage limiting and voltage switching) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 5.6.3 Class II tested SPD, nominal impulse discharge surge current In 5.7 Coordination of surge protective devices 5.8 Selection of surge protective devices for a functionally earthed line conductor 6 Routing and shielding of cables\/lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | Figure 14 \u2013 Reduction of the effects of induction by shielding and line routing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 7 Functional earthing\/lightning equipotential bonding Figure 15 \u2013 Example for the shielding of the generator main linesby closed metal cable channels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 8 Inspection and documentation Figure 16 \u2013 Functional earthing of the module racks in case no external lightning protection is available or the separation distance is not maintained Figure 17 \u2013 Lightning equipotential bonding at the module racksin case the separation distance is not maintained <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) Shadowing Figure A.1 \u2013 Shadowing of a PV module by a lightning rod <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | Figure A.2 \u2013 Minimum distance between the lightning rod or lightning line and the PV module required to prevent an umbra Table A.1 \u2013 Minimum distance of air-termination systems required to avoid an umbra <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Tracking PV power supply system \u2013External lightning protection\/down-conductors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative)Practical example: lightning protection for a PV powersupply system installed on a saddle roof building Figure C.1 \u2013 Saddle roof building \u2013 Meshed air-termination systems of lightning protection level III, the PV power supply system spans several meshes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | Figure C.2 \u2013 Example for the calculation of the separationdistances for lightning protection level III <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative) PV power supply system as a free-field system D.1 General D.2 Earth screw foundations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | D.3 Plate and strip or ring foundations Figure D.1 \u2013 Connection of module tables to the earthing systemfor pile-driven foundations and earth screw foundations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | D.4 Lightning current-carrying capacity of Class I tested SPDs for free-field systems Figure D.2 \u2013 Connection of module tables to the earthing system for strip foundations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | Figure D.3 \u2013 Earthing concept and arrangement of the SPDs for a free field Table D.1 \u2013 Minimum discharge capacity of voltage limiting or combinedClass I tested SPDs and voltage switching type class I tested SPDs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative)Metal roof and metal fa\u00e7ade E.1 Metal roof E.2 Metal fa\u00e7ades <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Lightning and surge voltage protection for photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems<\/b><\/p>\n |