1.1 General<\/b><\/p>\n
These Guidelines and Parameter Lists to Functional Specifications describe specific functional requirements for HVDC Grid Systems. The terminology \u201cHVDC Grid Systems\u201d is used here describing HVDC systems for power transmission having more than two converter stations connected to a common DC circuit.<\/p>\n
While this document focuses on requirements, that are specific for HVDC Grid Systems, some requirements are considered applicable to all HVDC systems in general, i.e. including point-to-point HVDC systems. Existing IEC, Cigr\u00e9 or other documents relevant have been used for reference as far as possible.<\/p>\n
Corresponding to electric power transmission applications, this document is applicable to high voltage systems, i.e. only nominal DC voltages equal or higher than 50 kV with respect to earth are considered in this document.<\/p>\n
Both parts have the same outline and headlines to aid the reader.<\/p>\n
\nNOTE While the physical principles of DC networks are basically voltage independent, the technical options for designing equipment get much wider with lower DC voltage levels, e.g. in case of converters or switchgear.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
1.2 About the present release<\/b><\/p>\n
The present release of the Guidelines and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications describes technical guidelines and specifications for HVDC Grid Systems which are characterized by having exactly one single connection between two converter stations, often referred to as radial systems. When developing the requirements for radial systems, care is taken not to build up potential showstoppers for meshed systems. Meshed HVDC Grid Systems can be included into this specification at a later point in time.<\/p>\n
The Guidelines and Parameter List to the Functional Specification of HVDC Grid Systems cover technical aspects of:<\/p>\n
\n
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coordination of HVDC grid and AC systems<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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HVDC Grid System characteristics<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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HVDC Grid System control<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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HVDC Grid System protection<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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AC\/DC converter stations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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HVDC Grid System installations, including DC switching stations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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models and validation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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HVDC Grid System integration tests<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Beyond the present scope, the following content is proposed for future work:<\/p>\n
\n
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transmission lines and transition stations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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DC\/DC converter stations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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DC line power flow controllers<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n
\n
\n PDF Pages<\/th>\n PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2<\/td>\n undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 10<\/td>\n 1 Scope
1.1 General
1.2 About the present release <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 11<\/td>\n 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 12<\/td>\n 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 14<\/td>\n 3.2 Abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 15<\/td>\n 4 Coordination of HVDC Grid System and AC Systems
4.1 General
4.2 Purpose of the HVDC Grid System and Power Network Diagram
4.3 AC\/DC Power Flow Optimisation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 19<\/td>\n 4.4 Converter Operational Functions
4.4.1 Basic Operation Functions \u2013 Converter Normal Operation State
4.4.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 20<\/td>\n 4.4.1.2 AC System Frequency by a Frequency \/ Power Droop
4.4.1.3 DC Voltage \/ DC Power Droop
4.4.2 Basic Operation Functions \u2013 Converter Abnormal Operation State
4.4.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 21<\/td>\n 4.4.2.2 Network Conditions and Power Flow Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 22<\/td>\n 4.4.2.3 Abnormal AC Voltage Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 23<\/td>\n 4.4.3 Ancillary Services
4.4.3.1 General
4.4.3.2 Frequency Control Related Services <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 26<\/td>\n 4.4.3.3 AC Voltage Control Related Services
4.4.3.4 Power Oscillation Damping Services <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 27<\/td>\n 4.4.3.5 System Restoration Services
5 HVDC Grid System Characteristics
5.1 HVDC Circuit Topologies
5.1.1 Availability and Reliability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 28<\/td>\n 5.1.2 Basic Characteristics and Nomenclature
5.1.3 Attributes of HVDC Grid Systems or HVDC Grid Sub-Systems
5.1.3.1 Number of HV Poles
5.1.3.2 DC Circuit Earthing
5.1.4 Attributes of a Station
5.1.4.1 Connection to HV Poles
5.1.4.2 Neutral Return Path <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 29<\/td>\n 5.1.4.3 Station Earthing
5.2 Connection Modes
5.3 Grid Operating States
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Normal State
5.3.3 Alert State <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 30<\/td>\n 5.3.4 Emergency State
5.3.5 Blackout State
5.3.6 Restoration
5.4 DC Voltages
5.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 31<\/td>\n 5.4.2 Nominal DC System Voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 32<\/td>\n 5.4.3 Steady-State DC Voltage
5.4.4 Temporary DC Voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 33<\/td>\n 5.4.5 Neutral Bus Voltages
5.5 Insulation Coordination
5.6 Short-Circuit Characteristics
5.6.1 Calculation of Short-Circuit Currents in HVDC Grid Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 35<\/td>\n 5.6.2 Short-Circuit Current Design Requirements
5.7 Steady-State Voltage and Current Distortions
5.7.1 Voltage and Current Distortion Limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 36<\/td>\n 5.7.2 Frequency Dependent DC System Impedance
5.8 DC System Restoration
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Post DC Fault Recovery
5.8.3 Restoration from Blackout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 37<\/td>\n 6 HVDC Grid System Control
6.1 Closed-Loop Control Functions
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Core Control Functions
6.1.3 Coordinating Control Functions
6.2 Controller Hierarchy
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Internal Converter Control
6.2.3 DC Node Voltage Control
6.2.4 Coordinated HVDC Grid System Control
6.2.4.1 General
6.2.4.2 Autonomous Adaptation Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 39<\/td>\n 6.2.4.3 DC Grid Control
6.2.5 AC\/DC Grid Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 40<\/td>\n 6.3 Propagation of Information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 43<\/td>\n 6.4 Open-Loop Controls
6.4.1 Coordination of Connection Modes between Stations and their PoC-DCs
6.4.2 Operating Sequences for HVDC Grid System Installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 45<\/td>\n 6.4.3 Post DC Fault Recovery
7 HVDC Grid System Protection
7.1 General
7.2 DC Fault Separation
7.3 Protection System Related Installations and Equipment
7.3.1 AC\/DC Converter Station
7.3.2 HVDC Grid System Topology and Equipment
7.4 HVDC Grid System Protection Zones
7.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 47<\/td>\n 7.4.2 Permanent Stop P <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 48<\/td>\n 7.4.3 Permanent Stop PQ
7.4.4 Temporary Stop P
7.4.5 Temporary Stop PQ
7.4.6 Continued Operation
7.4.7 Example of a Protection Zone Matrix
7.5 DC Protection
7.5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 49<\/td>\n 7.5.2 DC Converter Protections
7.5.3 HVDC Grid System Protections
7.5.3.1 General
7.5.3.2 Protection Schemes Based on Communication
7.5.3.3 Protection Scheme without Communication
7.5.4 DC Grid Protection Communication
8 AC\/DC Converter Stations
8.1 Introduction
8.2 AC\/DC Converter Station Types
8.3 Overall Requirements
8.3.1 Robustness of AC\/DC Converter Stations
8.3.2 Availability and Reliability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 50<\/td>\n 8.3.3 Active Power Reversal
8.4 Main Circuit Design
8.4.1 General Characteristics
8.4.1.1 Station Topology
8.4.1.2 Active and Reactive Power Characteristics
8.4.1.3 Energisation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 51<\/td>\n 8.4.1.4 Energy Dissipation\/Absorption Capability
8.4.2 DC Side
8.4.2.1 DC Connection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 52<\/td>\n 8.4.2.2 DC Voltages
8.4.2.3 DC Insulation Levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 53<\/td>\n 8.4.2.4 DC Fault Ride Through Behaviour
8.4.2.5 Capability of Switching\/Breaking DC Currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 55<\/td>\n 8.4.2.6 Fault Current Levels DC Side
8.4.2.7 System Restoration DC Side <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 56<\/td>\n 8.4.2.8 Steady State DC Voltage and Current Distortion
8.4.2.9 Frequency Dependent DC System Impedance
8.4.3 AC Side
8.4.3.1 AC voltages
8.4.3.2 AC Fault Ride Through Behaviour
8.4.3.3 AC Frequency
8.4.3.4 Fault Current Contribution AC Side
8.4.3.5 Capability of Switching\/Breaking AC Currents
8.5 Controls
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Automated vs. Manual Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 57<\/td>\n 8.5.3 Control Modes & Support of Coordination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 58<\/td>\n 8.5.4 Limitation Strategies
8.5.5 Operating Sequences for AC\/DC Converter Station
8.5.6 Dynamic Behaviour
8.5.6.1 Step Responses
8.5.6.2 Stability Criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 59<\/td>\n 8.6 Protection
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Configuration Requirements
8.6.3 Function Requirements
8.6.3.1 Converter Unit Protection Zone
8.6.3.2 DC Line Protection Zone
8.6.4 DC Grid Interface
8.6.5 Fault Separation Strategy for Faults inside the AC\/DC Converter Station
8.6.6 Coordination of the DC Protection with the HVDC Grid System
8.6.7 Example for Coordination of the DC Protection with the HVDC Grid System
9 HVDC Grid System Installations
9.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 60<\/td>\n 9.2 DC Switching Station
9.2.1 Overall Requirements
9.2.1.1 Coordination and Communication
9.2.1.2 Availability and Reliability
9.2.2 Main Circuit Design
9.2.2.1 General Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 61<\/td>\n 9.2.2.2 DC Side <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 66<\/td>\n 9.2.2.3 AC Side
9.2.3 Controls
9.2.3.1 General
9.2.3.2 Automated vs. Manual Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 67<\/td>\n 9.2.3.3 Control Modes & Support of Coordination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 68<\/td>\n 9.2.3.4 Limitation Strategies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 69<\/td>\n 9.2.3.5 Operating Sequences for a DC Switching Station <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 70<\/td>\n 9.2.3.6 Dynamic Behaviour
9.2.4 Protection
9.2.4.1 General
9.2.4.2 Configuration Requirements
9.2.4.3 Function Requirements
9.2.4.4 DC Grid Interface
9.2.4.5 Fault Separation Strategy for Faults inside the DC Switching Station
9.2.4.6 Coordination of the DC Protection with the HVDC Grid System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 71<\/td>\n 9.2.4.7 Example for Coordination of the DC Protection with the HVDC Grid System
10 Models and Validation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 HVDC Grid System Studies
10.2.1 Type of Studies
10.2.2 Tools and Methods
10.3 Model General Specifications
10.3.1 Model Capability
10.3.2 Model Format and Data Type
10.3.3 Model Aggregation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 72<\/td>\n 10.4 Model Specific Recommendations
10.4.1 Load Flow Models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 73<\/td>\n 10.4.2 Short-Circuit Models
10.4.3 Protection System Models
10.4.4 Insulation Coordination Related Models
10.4.5 Electromechanical Transient Models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 74<\/td>\n 10.4.6 Electromagnetic Transient Models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 80<\/td>\n 10.4.7 Power Quality Models
10.5 Model Validation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 81<\/td>\n 10.6 Compliance Simulation
10.7 Outputs\/Results
10.7.1 Model Data
10.7.2 Model Documentation
10.7.3 Model Example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 82<\/td>\n 10.7.4 Model Compliance Documentation
10.7.5 Model Validation Documentation \u2013 Model Final Version
10.7.6 Model Guarantee
11 HVDC Grid System Integration Tests
11.1 Off-Site Testing of the HVDC Control and Protection System
11.2 Dynamic Performance Study\/Tests (DPS) Performed with Offline Models
11.2.1 DPS Simulations in a Multi-Vendor Environment
11.2.2 DPS Simulations Scenarios <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 83<\/td>\n 11.3 Factory Tests
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Factory Test Scenarios
11.3.3 Factory Tests when Existing System C&P Replicas are Available
11.3.3.1 C&P Replicas of the Existing Equipment
11.3.3.2 Factory Tests with the New Equipment
11.3.4 Factory Tests when Existing System C&P Replicas are not Available
11.3.4.1 C&P Models of Existing Systems Running in Real-Time
11.3.4.2 Factory Test with the New Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 84<\/td>\n 11.4 On Site Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" HVDC Grid Systems and connected Converter Stations. Guideline and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications – Parameter Lists<\/b><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n Published By<\/td>\n Publication Date<\/td>\n Number of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n 2020<\/td>\n 86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":422795,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[543,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-422786","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-29-240-01","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/422786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/422795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=422786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=422786"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=422786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}