{"id":425002,"date":"2024-10-20T06:54:30","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T06:54:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-iec-tr-60919-12020-3\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T13:00:40","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T13:00:40","slug":"bsi-pd-iec-tr-60919-12020-3","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-iec-tr-60919-12020-3\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD IEC TR 60919-1:2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

This part of IEC 60919 provides general guidance on the steady-state performance requirements of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. It concerns the steady-state performance of two-terminal HVDC systems utilizing 12-pulse converter units comprised of three-phase bridge (double-way) connections (see Figure 1), but it does not cover multi-terminal HVDC transmission systems. Both terminals are assumed to use thyristor valves as the main semiconductor valves and to have power flow capability in both directions. Diode valves are not considered in this document.<\/p>\n

Only line-commutated converters are covered in this document, which includes capacitor commutated converter circuit configurations. General aspects of semiconductor line-commutated converters are given in IEC 60146-1-1, IEC TR 60146-1-2 and IEC 60146-1-3. Voltage-sourced converters are not considered.<\/p>\n

The distinction is made between system performance specifications and equipment design specifications for individual components of a system. Equipment specifications and testing requirements are not defined in this document. Also excluded from this document are detailed seismic performance requirements. In addition, because there are many variations between different possible HVDC systems, this document does not consider these in detail; consequently, it is not used directly as a specification for a particular project, but rather to provide the basis for an appropriate specification tailored to fit actual system requirements.<\/p>\n

This document, which covers steady-state performance, is followed by the additional documents of IEC TR 60919-2 on faults and switching as well as IEC TR 60919-3 on dynamic-conditions. All three aspects are considered when preparing two-terminal HVDC system specifications.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nundefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n1 Scope
Figures
Figure 1 \u2013 Twelve-pulse converter unit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Types of HVDC systems
4.1 General
4.2 HVDC back-to-back system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n4.3 Monopolar HVDC system with earth return
Figure 2 \u2013 Examples of back-to-back HVDC systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\nFigure 3 \u2013 Monopolar HVDC system with earth return <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nFigure 4 \u2013 Two 12-pulse units in series <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n4.4 Monopolar HVDC system with metallic return
Figure 5 \u2013 Two 12-pulse units in parallel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n4.5 Bipolar earth return HVDC system
Figure 6 \u2013 Monopolar HVDC system with metallic return <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nFigure 7 \u2013 Bipolar system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nFigure 8 \u2013 Metallic return operation of the unfaulted pole in a bipolar system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n4.6 Bipolar HVDC system with metallic return <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n4.7 Two 12-pulse groups per pole
Figure 9 \u2013 Bipolar HVDC system with metallic return <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nFigure 10 \u2013 Bipolar system with two 12-pulse units in series per pole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n4.8 Converter transformer arrangements
Figure 11 \u2013 Bipolar system with two 12-pulse units in parallel per pole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n4.9 DC switching considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\nFigure 12 \u2013 DC switching of line conductors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\nFigure 13 \u2013 DC switching of converter poles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n4.10 Series-capacitor-compensated HVDC systems
Figure 14 \u2013 DC switching \u2013 Overhead line to cable <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nFigure 15 \u2013 DC switching \u2013 Two bipolar converters and lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nFigure 16 \u2013 DC switching \u2013 Intermediate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nFigure 17 \u2013 Capacitor commutated converter configurations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n4.11 LCC\/VSC hybrid bipolar system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n5 Environment information
Figure 18 \u2013 LCC\/VSC hybrid bipolar system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nTables
Table 1 \u2013 Information supplied for HVDC substation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n6 Rated power, current and voltage
6.1 Rated power
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Rated power of an HVDC system with transmission line
6.1.3 Rated power of an HVDC back-to-back system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n6.1.4 Direction of power flow
6.2 Rated current
6.3 Rated voltage
7 Overload and equipment capability
7.1 Overload <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n7.2 Equipment capability
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Converter valve capability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n7.2.3 Capability of oil-cooled transformers and reactors
7.2.4 AC harmonic filter and reactive power compensation equipment capability
7.2.5 Switchgear and buswork capability
8 Minimum power transfer and no-load stand-by state
8.1 General
8.2 Minimum current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n8.3 Reduced direct voltage operation
8.4 No-load stand-by state
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Converter transformers \u2013 No-load stand-by
8.4.3 Converter valves \u2013 No-load stand-by <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n8.4.4 AC filters and reactive compensation \u2013 No-load stand-by
8.4.5 DC reactors and DC filters \u2013 No-load stand-by
8.4.6 Auxiliary power system \u2013 No-load stand-by
8.4.7 Control and protection \u2013 No-load stand-by
9 AC system
9.1 General
9.2 AC voltage
9.2.1 Rated AC voltage
9.2.2 Steady-state voltage range <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n9.2.3 Negative sequence voltage
9.3 Frequency
9.3.1 Rated frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n9.3.2 Steady-state frequency range
9.3.3 Short-term frequency variation
9.3.4 Frequency variation during emergency
9.4 System impedance at fundamental frequency
9.5 System impedance at harmonic frequencies
9.6 Positive and zero-sequence surge impedance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n9.7 Other sources of harmonics
9.8 Subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI)
10 Reactive power
10.1 General
10.2 Conventional HVDC systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nFigure 19 \u2013 Variations of reactive power Q with active power P of an HVDC converter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n10.3 Series capacitor compensated HVDC schemes
10.4 Converter reactive power consumption
10.5 Reactive power balance with the AC system
10.6 Reactive power supply <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n10.7 Maximum size of switchable VAR banks
11 HVDC transmission line, earth electrode line and earth electrode
11.1 General
11.2 Overhead line(s)
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Electrical parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n11.3 Cable line(s)
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Electrical parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n11.4 Earth electrode line
11.5 Earth electrode
12 Reliability
12.1 General
12.2 Outage
12.2.1 General
12.2.2 Scheduled outage
12.2.3 Forced outage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n12.3 Capacity
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Maximum continuous capacity Pm
12.3.3 Outage capacity Po
12.3.4 Outage derating factor (ODF)
12.4 Outage duration terms
12.4.1 Actual outage duration (AOD)
12.4.2 Equivalent outage duration (EOD)
12.4.3 Period hours (PH) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n12.4.4 Actual outage hours (AOH)
12.4.5 Equivalent outage hours (EOH)
12.5 Energy unavailability (EU)
12.5.1 General
12.5.2 Forced energy unavailability (FEU) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n12.5.3 Scheduled energy unavailability (SEU)
12.6 Energy availability (EA)
12.7 Maximum permitted number of forced outages
12.8 Statistical probability of outages
12.8.1 Component faults
12.8.2 External faults
13 HVDC control
13.1 Control objectives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n13.2 Control structure
13.2.1 General
13.2.2 Converter unit firing control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n13.2.3 Pole control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\nFigure 20 \u2013 Control hierarchy for HVDC\/UHVDC system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n13.2.4 HVDC substation control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nFigure 21 \u2013 Converter voltage-current characteristic <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n13.2.5 Master control
13.3 Control order settings
13.4 Current limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n13.5 Control circuit redundancy
13.6 Protection system
13.7 Measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\n14 Telecommunication
14.1 Types of telecommunication links
14.2 Telephone
14.3 Power line carrier (PLC) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n14.4 Microwave
14.5 Radio link
14.6 Optical fibre telecommunication
14.7 Classification of data to be transmitted <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n14.8 Fast response telecommunication
14.9 Reliability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n15 Auxiliary power supplies
15.1 General
15.2 Reliability and load classification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n15.3 AC auxiliary supplies
15.4 Batteries and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n15.5 Emergency supply
16 Audible noise
16.1 General
16.2 Public nuisance
16.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n16.2.2 Valves and valve coolers
16.2.3 Converter transformers
16.2.4 DC reactors
16.2.5 AC filter reactors
16.3 Noise in working areas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n17 Harmonic interference \u2013 AC
17.1 AC side harmonic generation
17.2 Filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nFigure 22 \u2013 Examples of AC filter connections for a bipole HVDC system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nFigure 23 \u2013 Circuit diagrams for different filter types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n17.3 Interference disturbance criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n17.4 Levels for interference <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n17.5 Filter performance
18 Harmonic interference \u2013 DC
18.1 DC side interference
18.1.1 Harmonic currents in HVDC transmission line
18.1.2 Characteristic and non-characteristic harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n18.1.3 Groups of harmonics
18.1.4 Calculation of harmonic currents
18.1.5 Calculation of induced voltages
18.1.6 Personnel safety
18.1.7 DC filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n18.2 DC filter performance
18.2.1 Requirements for voice communication circuits
18.2.2 Levels of interference
18.2.3 Safety <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n18.3 Specification requirements
18.3.1 Economic level of filtering
Table 2 \u2013 Performance parameters for voice communication circuits: Subscribers and trunk circuits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\n18.3.2 General criteria
18.3.3 Factors to be taken into account for calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\n18.3.4 Calculation of currents
19 Power line carrier interference (PLC)
19.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n19.2 Performance specification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n20 Radio frequency interference
20.1 General
Figure 24 \u2013 RY COM interference meter results averaged \u2013 Typical plot of converter interference levels on the DC line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n20.2 RFI from HVDC systems
20.2.1 RFI sources
20.2.2 RFI propagation
20.2.3 RFI characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\n20.3 RFI performance specification
20.3.1 RFI risk assessment
20.3.2 Specification RFI limit and its verification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\n20.3.3 Design aspects
21 Power losses
21.1 General
Figure 25 \u2013 Recommended measurement procedure with definition of measuring point <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\n21.2 Main contributing sources
21.2.1 General
21.2.2 AC filters and reactive power compensation
21.2.3 Converter bridges
21.2.4 Converter transformer
21.2.5 DC reactor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n21.2.6 DC filter
21.2.7 Auxiliary equipment
21.2.8 Other components
22 Provision for extensions to the HVDC systems
22.1 General
22.2 Specification for extensions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nFigure 26 \u2013 Extension methods for HVDC systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Factors affecting reliability and availability of converter stations
A.1 Design and documentation
A.1.1 General
A.1.2 General design principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nA.1.3 More detailed design principles
A.1.4 Software design principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nA.1.5 RAM records
A.2 Operation
A.2.1 Training <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nA.2.2 Maintenance programs affecting reliability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nA.2.3 Spare parts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line\u2011commutated converters – Steady-state conditions<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2020<\/td>\n98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":425013,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[547,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-425002","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-29-240-99","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/425002","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/425013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=425002"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=425002"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=425002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}