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BS 8437:2022

BS 8437:2022

$215.11

Code of practice for selection, use and maintenance of personal fall protection systems and equipment for use in the workplace

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 172
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
8 Foreword
11 Introduction
1 Scope
12 2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
15 4 Legislation
4.1 General
16 4.2 The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
4.3 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
4.4 The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992
4.5 The Work at Height Regulations 2005 (as amended)
17 4.6 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015
4.7 HSE Guidance documents
18 5 Fundamental principles
5.1 Hazard identification and risk assessment, and hierarchy of protective measures
5.2 Principles of selection of personal fall protection systems and equipment
19 5.3 Principles of use of personal fall protection systems and equipment
20 5.4 Principles of maintenance of personal fall protection systems and equipment
21 6 Hazard identification, risk assessment and safety method statement
6.1 General
23 6.2 Hierarchy of protective measures for people working at a height
Table 1 — Illustration of hierarchy of protective measures given in the Work at Height Regulations 2005 (as amended)
24 7 Selection of personal fall protection systems and equipment
7.1 General
25 7.2 Types of personal fall protection systems and equipment
26 8 Restraint systems
8.1 General
27 8.2 Selection of the components of a restraint system
8.3 Use of restraint systems
29 Figure 1 — Example of a restraint system limiting access to zones where the risk of a fall exists
30 Figure 2 — Importance of correct lanyard length in a restraint system
32 Figure 3 — Example of a restraint system using a rigid horizontal anchor line
33 Figure 4 — Dangers of using a restraint system to access the corner of a flat roof
34 Figure 5 — Situation in which a restraint system should not be used because there is a risk of a fall through a fragile material
35 Figure 6 — Limitations and dangers of using a restraint system on a sloping roof
36 9 Fall arrest systems
9.1 General
37 Figure 7 — Examples of different types of fall arrest system
42 Figure 8 — Use of an extension lanyard
43 Figure 9 — Illustration of free fall distances and the calculation of fall factors
44 Figure 10 — Illustration of the dangers of connecting energy absorbing lanyards in series to increase overall length
45 9.2 Fall arrest systems based on one or more energy absorbing lanyards
46 Figure 11 — Example of a fall arrest system based on a single energy absorbing lanyard
47 Figure 12 — Examples of energy absorbing lanyards
48 Figure 13 — Illustration of an energy absorbing lanyard operating to arrest a fall
Figure 14 — Limitations and dangers of using a single energy absorbing lanyard where a range of movement greater than lanyard length is required
50 Figure 15 — Ensuring continuous connection to the structure by using two energy absorbing lanyards in relay
51 Figure 16 — Example of the use of a fall arrest system based on a twin‑tailed energy absorbing lanyard while climbing
9.3 Fall arrest systems based on a retractable type fall arrester
52 Figure 17 — Fall arrest system based on a retractable type fall arrester
54 Figure 18 — Example of a retractable type fall arrester operating to arrest a fall
55 Figure 19 — Maximum working length of a retractable type fall arrester
57 Figure 20 — Examples of a compact retractable type fall arrester
59 Figure 21 — Example of a retractable type fall arrester incorporating a rescue winch
60 Figure 22 — Example of a retractable type fall arrester incorporating a rescue winch being used in conjunction with a tripod for work in a confined space below the surface
62 Figure 23 — Dangers of using retractable type fall arresters in the horizontal plane
64 Figure 24 — Risk of a free fall if the lanyard of a retractable type fall arrester fails to retract
65 9.4 Fall arrest systems based on a vertical anchor line and a guided type fall arrester
67 Figure 25 — Example of a fall arrest system based on a rigid vertical anchor line fixed to a permanently installed access ladder
68 Figure 26 — Example of a fall arrest system based on a permanently installed flexible vertical anchor line fixed to a permanently installed access ladder
69 Figure 27 — Example of a fall arrest system based on a temporarily installed flexible vertical anchor line
73 9.5 Fall arrest systems based on a horizontal anchor line and one or more travellers
74 Figure 28 — Fall arrest system based on a permanently installed rigid horizontal anchor line comprising a rail
75 Figure 29 — Fall arrest system based on a permanently installed flexible horizontal anchor line comprising a wire rope
76 Figure 30 — Fall arrest system based on a temporarily installed flexible horizontal anchor line
78 Figure 31 — Examples of fall arrest systems based on a horizontal anchor line and an energy absorbing lanyard operating to arrest a fall, also illustrating free space requirements (see and Annex F)
83 9.6 Use of fall arrest systems
84 9.7 Free space
86 Figure 32 — Illustration of minimum free space requirements when using a fall arrest system based on an energy absorbing lanyard
88 Figure 33 — Illustration of minimum free space requirement when using a fall arrest system based on a retractable type fall arrester
89 Figure 34 — Illustration of minimum free space requirement when using a fall arrest system based on a vertical anchor line
90 10 Work positioning systems
10.1 General
10.2 Work positioning systems for partial support
91 Figure 35 — Partially supported work positioning technique 1
92 Figure 36 — Illustration of a real situation showing incorrect use of a work positioning lanyard without a safety back‑up personal fall protection system
94 Figure 37 — Partially supported work positioning technique 2
95 10.3 Work positioning systems for work in suspension
96 Figure 38 — Examples of lanyards for work positioning technique 1
97 11 Rescue
11.1 General
98 11.2 Anchors
11.3 Edges
11.4 Care of individuals requiring rescue
11.5 Rescue equipment
99 11.6 Harness for rescue
11.7 First aid
12 Components
12.1 General
100 12.2 Strength of components
101 12.3 Textiles used in components
102 12.4 Metals used in components
103 12.5 Connectors
104 Figure 39 — Examples of various types of connectors
105 Figure 40 — Examples of correct and incorrect methods of connecting to an anchor point or position
107 Figure 41 — Examples of ways in which the safety catch on a connector can be tripped accidentally
108 Figure 42 — Difference in the loading of a connector in a static test and when used with a wide webbing sling
109 Figure 43 — Correct and incorrect ways of inserting two anchor lines into a connector
110 12.6 Body‑holding devices
111 Table 2 — Advantages and disadvantages of various connector gate closing and locking mechanisms
112 Figure 44 — Example of a waist belt for use with a restraint system
113 Figure 45 — Example of a full body harness
114 Figure 46 — Examples of sit harnesses
12.7 Lanyards
115 Figure 47 — Example of a lanyard with thimbles in the termination loops
12.8 Energy absorbers
116 12.9 Anchor lines
118 12.10 Anchor line devices
Figure 48 — Examples of anchor line devices
119 13 Inspection, care and maintenance of equipment
13.1 General
120 13.2 Lifespan
13.3 Textile equipment (anchor lines, lanyards, harnesses etc.)
121 13.4 Metal equipment (connectors, anchor line devices etc.)
122 13.5 Protective helmets
13.6 Disinfection of equipment
13.7 Equipment exposed to a marine environment
13.8 Storage
13.9 Equipment withdrawn from service
13.10 Alterations to equipment
14 Methods of work
14.1 Safe working methods
124 14.2 Working practices
125 14.3 Clothing and protective equipment
127 14.4 Safety precautions for personal fall protection equipment
14.5 Use of tools and other work equipment
128 14.6 Communications systems
14.7 Protection of other people
14.8 Completion of work at the end of a shift
15 Aptitude, fitness and training
15.1 General
129 15.2 Training
16 Anchors
16.1 General
130 16.2 Strength and reliability of anchors
131 16.3 Installation of anchor devices
133 Figure 49 — Example increase loading on an anchor line/sling by increase in angle at the anchor point
134 16.4 Additional recommendations for anchor points for particular types of personal fall protection equipment
135 Figure 50 — Example of a restraint system using a flexible horizontal anchor line, showing deflection of the anchor line by the user
16.5 Intermediate support brackets for vertical and horizontal rigid anchor lines
16.6 Choosing anchor point positions for fall arrest systems
137 Figure 51 — Danger of a swing fall when using an energy absorbing lanyard
138 Figure 52 — Danger of a swing fall when using a retractable type fall arrester
139 Figure 53 — Examples of correct anchor positions and of incorrect (potentially dangerous) anchor positions
140 Annex A (informative)  Basic principles of protection against falls from a height
Annex B (informative)  Harness comfort and adjustability test
143 Annex C (informative)  Equipment inspection checklist
Table C.1 — Equipment inspection checklist
148 Annex D (informative)  Suspension intolerance (formerly known as suspension trauma)
150 Annex E (informative)  Advantages and disadvantages of differently positioned attachment pointe for fall arrest equipment on a full body harness
153 Annex F (informative)  Examples of the calculation of minimum free space requirements for different fall arrest systems
154 Table F.1 — Example of calculation of minimum free space requirements for a fall arrest system based on an energy absorbing lanyard
155 Table F.2 — Example of calculation of minimum free space requirement for a fall arrest system based on a retractable type fall arrester
Table F.3 — Example of calculation of minimum free space requirements for fall arrest systems based on a vertical anchor line
156 Table F.4 — Example of calculation of minimum free space requirements for fall arrest systems based on a horizontal anchor line and an energy absorbing lanyard
Annex G (informative)  Typical methods of work in a partially supported position using a work positioning system
158 Figure G.1 — Example of correct alignment of connector in side waist attachment point on user’s harness
159 Figure G.2 — Potential swing falls into structure while using work positioning technique 1, assuming that the work positioning lanyard does not slide down the structure
160 Annex H (informative)  Properties of some of the artificial fibres used in the manufacture of personal fall protection equipment
161 Table H.1 — Resistance to chemicals of some of the artificial fibres used in the manufacture of personal fall protection equipment
167 Table H.2 — Other properties of some of the artificial fibres used in the manufacture of personal fall protection equipment
168 Annex I (informative)  The effect of wind speed and working height on available working times
Table I.1 — Available working time in an 8 h shift at different wind speeds
169 Bibliography

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BS 8437:2022
$215.11