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BSI 16/30337130 DC:2016 Edition

BSI 16/30337130 DC:2016 Edition

$24.66

BS EN 60076-57-15. Power transformers. Part 57-15. Standard requirements, terminology, and test code for step-voltage regulators

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BSI 2016 131
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PDF Pages PDF Title
10 1 Scope
2 Normative references
11 3 Terms and definitions
3.4
12 3.10
intrinsic polarity
3.11
line-drop compensation
3.12
liquid
16 4 Service conditions
4.1 Usual service conditions
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Temperature
4.1.2.1 Cooling air temperature limit
4.1.2.2 Liquid temperature limit
4.1.2.3 Cooling water temperature limit
4.1.3 Altitude
4.1.4 Supply voltage
4.1.5 Load current
4.1.6 Outdoor operation
4.1.7 Tank or enclosure finish
4.2 Loading at other than rated conditions
17 4.3 Unusual service conditions
4.3.1 Unusual temperature and altitude conditions
4.3.2 Insulation at high altitude
4.3.2.1 Insulation level
4.3.2.2 Bushings
18 4.3.3 Other unusual service conditions
4.3.3.1 Control
5 Rating Data
5.1 Cooling classes of voltage regulators
5.1.1 Liquid-immersed (fire point ( 300 C) air-cooled
5.1.2 Liquid-immersed (fire point > 300 C) air-cooled
19 5.1.3 Liquid-immersed (fire point ( 300 C) water-cooled
5.1.4 Liquid-immersed (fire point > 300 C) water-cooled
5.2 Ratings
5.2.1 Terms in which rating is expressed
20 5.2.2 Preferred ratings
25 5.2.3 Supplementary voltage ratings
26 5.3 Supplementary continuous-current ratings
5.3.1 Preferred optional forced-air ratings
5.4 Taps
27 5.5 Voltage supply ratios
5.6 Insulation levels
28 5.7 Losses
5.7.1 Total loss
5.7.2 Tolerance for losses
5.7.3 Determination of losses and excitation current
29 5.8 Short-circuit requirements
5.8.1 General
30 5.8.2 Mechanical capability demonstration
5.8.3 Thermal capability of voltage regulators for short-circuit conditions
5.9 Sound levels for liquid-immersed voltage regulators
5.10 Tests
5.10.1 Routine tests
31 5.10.2 Design tests
5.10.2.1 Temperature-rise test
5.10.2.2 Lightning impulse test
5.10.2.3 Short-circuit test
32 5.10.2.4 Sound level test
5.10.2.5 Enclosure integrity test
6 Construction
6.1 Bushings
33 6.2 External dielectric clearances
6.3 Terminal markings
6.3.1 Terminal markings for step-voltage regulators
34 6.4 Diagram of connections
6.5 Nameplates
35 6.6 Tank construction
6.6.1 Pressure-relief valve
6.6.2 Cover assembly
36 6.6.3 Sudden pressure relay
6.6.4 Lifting lugs
6.6.5 Support lugs
38 6.6.6 Moving facilities
6.6.7 Tank grounding provisions
6.6.7.1 Maximum continuous rating less than 300 A
6.6.7.2 Maximum continuous rating 300 A or greater
6.7 Components and accessories
6.7.1 Components for full automatic control and operation
39 6.7.2 Accessories for single-phase step-voltage regulators
6.7.3 Accessories for three-phase step-voltage regulators
7 Other requirements
40 7.1 Other supplementary continuous-current ratings
7.2 Other components and accessories
7.2.1 For single- and three-phase voltage regulators
7.2.2 In addition for three-phase voltage regulators
a) Hand operation crank for on-load tap-changer
b) On-load tap-changer in compartment separate from the core and coil
41 8 Test code
8.1 Resistance measurements
8.1.1 Determination of cold temperature
8.1.1.1 General
8.1.1.2 Voltage regulator windings immersed in insulating liquid
42 8.1.1.3 Voltage regulator windings out of insulating liquid
8.1.2 Conversion of resistance measurements
8.1.3 Resistance measurement methods
8.1.3.1 Voltmeter-ammeter method
43 8.1.3.2 Bridge method
8.2 Polarity test
8.2.1 Polarity by inductive kick
44 8.2.2 Polarity by ratio meter
8.3 Ratio tests
8.3.1 General
8.3.1.1 Taps
8.3.1.2 Voltage and frequency
8.3.1.3 Three-phase voltage regulators
8.3.2 Tolerance for ratio
45 8.3.3 Ratio test methods
8.3.3.1 Voltmeter method
8.3.3.2 Comparison method
46 8.3.3.3 Ratio meter
8.4 No-load loss and excitation current
8.4.1 General
47 8.4.2 No-load loss test
8.4.2.1 Connection diagrams
48 8.4.2.2 Energized windings
8.4.2.3 Voltage and frequency
8.4.3 Waveform correction of no-load loss
49 8.4.4 Test methods for three-phase voltage regulators
8.4.5 Determination of excitation (no-load) current
50 8.4.6 Measurements
8.4.7 Correction of loss measurement due to metering phase-angle errors
51 8.5 Load loss and impedance voltage
8.5.1 General
52 8.5.2 Factors affecting the values of load loss and impedance voltage
8.5.2.1 Design
8.5.2.2 Process
8.5.2.3 Temperature
8.5.3 Tests for measuring load loss and impedance voltage
8.5.3.1 Preparation
53 8.5.3.2 Load loss and impedance test of a single-phase voltage regulator
54 8.5.3.3 Impedance test of a three-phase voltage regulator
8.5.3.3.1 Measurement connections
8.5.4 Calculation of load loss and impedance voltage from test data
55 8.5.4.1 Temperature correction of load loss
8.5.4.2 Impedance voltage
56 8.5.4.2.1 Tolerance for impedance
57 8.6 Dielectric tests
8.6.1 General
8.6.1.1 Factory dielectric tests
8.6.1.2 Test requirements
8.6.1.3 Measurement of test voltages
8.6.1.4 Dielectric tests in the field
8.6.1.5 Factory dielectric tests and conditions
8.6.1.5.1 Test sequence
8.6.1.5.2 Temperature
8.6.1.5.3 Assembly
8.6.2 Design lightning impulse test procedures
8.6.2.1 General
58 8.6.2.1.1 Reduced full-wave test
8.6.2.1.2 Full-wave test
59 8.6.2.1.3 Chopped-wave test
8.6.2.1.4 Wave polarity
8.6.2.1.5 Impulse oscillograms
60 8.6.2.2 Connections and tap positions for impulse tests of line terminals
8.6.2.2.1 Terminals not being tested
8.6.2.2.2 Protective devices as an integral part of the voltage regulator
61 8.6.2.2.3 Current transformer grounding
8.6.2.2.4 Core and tank grounding
8.6.2.2.5 Grounding of voltage transformers and utility windings
8.6.2.3 Impulse tests on voltage regulator neutrals
62 8.6.2.4 Detection of failure during impulse test
8.6.2.4.1 Ground current oscillograms
8.6.2.4.2 Other methods of failure detection
8.6.3 Routine lightning impulse test procedures
8.6.3.1 Connections and tap positions for impulse tests of line terminals
8.6.3.2 Procedure
63 8.6.3.2.1 Method 1
8.6.3.2.2 Method 2
8.6.3.2.3 Failure Detection
8.6.3.3 Terminals not being tested
64 8.6.4 Low-frequency tests
8.6.5 Applied-voltage tests
8.6.5.1 Duration, frequency, and connections
8.6.5.2 Tap connections
8.6.5.3 Relief gap
8.6.5.4 Application of test voltage
8.6.5.5 Failure detection
8.6.6 Induced-voltage tests
8.6.6.1 Test value and duration
8.6.6.2 Tap connection
8.6.6.3 Test frequency
65 8.6.6.4 Application of voltage
8.6.6.5 Need for additional induced-voltage test
8.6.6.6 Grounded windings
8.6.6.7 Single-phase testing of three-phase voltage regulators
8.6.6.8 Failure detection
8.6.7 Insulation power factor tests
8.6.7.1 Preparation for tests
66 8.6.7.2 Tap connection
8.6.7.3 Instrumentation
8.6.7.4 Voltage to be applied
8.6.7.5 Procedure
8.6.8 Insulation resistance tests
67 8.6.8.1 Preparation for tests
8.6.8.2 Tap connection
8.6.8.3 Instrumentation
8.6.8.4 Voltage to be applied
8.6.8.5 Procedure
8.7 Temperature-rise tests
68 8.7.1 Test methods
1) The loading back (opposition) method, in which rated voltage and current are induced in the voltage regulator under test
2) The short-circuit method, in which the appropriate total loss is produced by the effect of short-circuit current.
8.7.1.1 Actual loading
8.7.1.2 Simulated loading
8.7.1.2.1 Loading back method
70 8.7.1.2.2 Short-circuit method
71 8.7.2 Resistance measurements
8.7.2.1 Cold-resistance measurements
8.7.2.2 Hot-resistance measurements
8.7.3 Temperature measurements
8.7.3.1 Ambient temperature measurement
8.7.3.1.1 Air-cooled voltage regulators
72 8.7.3.1.2 Water-cooled voltage regulators
8.7.3.2 Liquid temperature-rise determination
73 8.7.3.3 Average winding temperature-rise determination
74 8.7.3.4 Other temperature measurements
8.7.4 Correction of temperature-rise test results
8.7.4.1 Correction for differences between winding rated current and test current
75 8.7.4.2 Correction of liquid temperature-rise for differences in required total loss and actual loss
8.7.4.3 Correction of liquid temperature-rise for differences in altitude
76 8.8 Short-circuit test
8.8.1 General
8.8.2 Test connections
8.8.2.1 Fault location
8.8.2.2 Fault type
8.8.2.3 Tap connection for test
8.8.3 Test requirements
8.8.3.1 Symmetrical current requirements
8.8.3.2 Asymmetrical current requirements
77 8.8.3.3 Number of tests
8.8.3.4 Duration of tests
8.8.4 Test procedure
8.8.4.1 Fault application
8.8.4.2 Calibration tests
8.8.4.3 Terminal voltage limits
8.8.4.4 Temperature limits
8.8.4.5 Current measurements
78 8.8.4.6 Tolerances on required currents
8.8.4.7 On-load tap-changer operation
8.8.5 Proof of satisfactory performance
8.8.5.1 Visual Inspection
8.8.5.2 Dielectric tests
8.8.5.3 Wave shape of terminal voltage and current
8.8.5.4 Leakage impedance
79 8.8.5.5 Excitation current
8.8.5.6 Other diagnostic measurements
8.9 Determination of sound level
8.9.1 General
8.9.1.1 Introduction
80 8.9.1.2 Applicability
8.9.2 Instrumentation
8.9.2.1 Sound level meter
8.9.2.2 Wind screen
8.9.2.3 Calibration
8.9.3 Test conditions
8.9.3.1 Test environment
8.9.3.2 Voltage regulator location
8.9.3.3 Determination of total sound level of a voltage regulator
8.9.3.3.1 No-load (excitation) sound level
81 8.9.3.3.2 Load current sound level
8.9.4 Microphone positions
8.9.4.1 Reference sound-producing surface
82 8.9.4.2 First measurement position
8.9.4.3 Number of microphone locations
8.9.4.4 Height of microphone locations
8.9.5 Sound level measurements
83 8.9.5.1 A-weighted sound pressure level measurements
8.9.5.2 Sound pressure level measurements using the sound pressure method
8.9.5.2.1 Measuring ambient sound pressure level
8.9.5.2.2 Correction for ambient sound
84 8.9.5.2.3 Wall sound reflection correction “K”
85 8.9.5.2.4 Near-field correction
8.9.5.3 Sound pressure level measurements using the sound intensity method
8.9.5.3.1 Environmental correction
86 8.9.6 Determination of sound level of a voltage regulator
8.9.6.1 Average sound pressure level (Lp)
8.9.6.2 Determination of total sound pressure level of a voltage regulator
8.9.6.2.1 Addition of no-load (excitation) and load current sound levels
8.9.6.2.2 Determination of total sound pressure level of a voltage regulator at different loading conditions
87 8.9.6.3 Sound power level calculation(Lw)
8.9.7 Presentation of results
89 8.10 Enclosure integrity test
8.10.1 Enclosure integrity
8.10.1.1 Static pressure
8.10.1.2 Dynamic pressure
8.10.2 Design test for fault current capability of voltage regulators.
8.10.2.1 Objective
90 8.10.2.2 General requirements
8.10.2.3 Test duty—An arcing fault inside voltage regulator
8.10.2.3.1 First test
8.10.2.3.2 Second test
8.10.2.4 Test results
91 8.11 Calculated data
8.11.1 Reference temperature
8.11.2 Loss and excitation current
8.11.2.1 Determination of no-load loss and exciting current
8.11.2.2 Load loss
8.11.2.3 Total loss
8.11.3 Efficiency
8.11.4 Calculation of winding temperature during a short-circuit
93 8.11.5 Certified test data
94 9 On-load tap-changer
9.1 General
9.2 Routine tests
9.2.1 On-load tap-changer tests
9.2.2 Mechanical tests
95 9.2.3 Auxiliary circuits insulation test
9.3 Design tests
9.3.1 Temperature-rise of contacts test
9.3.2 Switching tests
96 9.3.2.1 Service duty test
9.3.2.2 Breaking capacity tests
97 9.3.3 Short-circuit test
9.3.4 Reactor test
98 9.3.5 Mechanical test
9.3.6 Dielectric tests
9.3.6.1 General
9.3.6.2 Nature of tests
9.3.6.3 Test voltages
99 9.3.6.4 Application of test voltages
9.3.6.5 Full wave lightning impulse test
9.3.6.6 Chopped wave lightning impulse test
9.3.6.7 Applied voltage test
10 Control Systems
10.1 General
10.2 Control device construction
10.2.1 Setpoint adjustment ranges
10.2.2 Components and accessories
100 10.3 Universal interface (when specified)
10.3.1 Connection between control enclosure and apparatus liquid-immersed container
10.3.2 Universal interface connectors
103 10.4 Control system requirements
10.4.1 Accuracy
10.4.1.1 Sensing apparatus
10.4.1.1.1 Voltage source
104 10.4.1.1.2 Current source
10.4.1.2 Control device
10.4.1.2.1 Errors
10.4.1.2.2 Factors for accuracy determination of control device
10.5 Tests
10.5.1 Design tests
10.5.1.1 Accuracy
10.5.1.1.1 Procedure for determination of accuracy of control device
10.5.1.1.2 Test for errors in voltage device
105 10.5.1.2 Set point marks
10.5.1.2.1 Voltage level marking deviation
10.5.1.2.2 Bandwidth marking deviation
10.5.1.2.3 Compensator marking deviation
10.5.1.2.4 Time delay set marking deviation
10.5.1.3 Environmental tests per IEC 60255-1
10.5.1.3.1 Temperature
106 10.5.1.3.2 Humidity
10.5.1.3.3 Vibration
10.5.1.4 Insulation coordination tests
10.5.1.5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
10.5.1.5.1 Electrostatic discharge immunity
10.5.1.5.2 Radiated interference immunity
10.5.1.5.3 Surge withstand capability
10.5.1.5.4 Surge immunity
10.5.1.5.5 Conducted interference immunity
10.5.1.5.6 Voltage dips and interruptions immunity
10.5.1.6 On-load tap-changer compatibility design test
10.5.1.6.1 Test procedure set up
107 10.5.1.6.2 Manual operations test sequence, 512 taps total (16 cycles).
10.5.1.6.3 Automatic operations test sequence, 512 taps total (16 cycles).
108 10.5.1.6.4 Test summary
10.5.1.7 Devices to be tested
10.5.2 Routine tests
10.5.2.1 Applied voltage
10.5.2.2 Operation
109 Annex A (informative) Unusual temperature and altitude conditions
A.1 Unusual temperatures and altitude service conditions
A.2 Effects of altitude on temperature-rise
A.3 Operation at rated kVA
A.4 Operation at less than rated kVA
110 Annex B (informative) Field dielectric tests
B.1 Tests on bushings
B.2 Dielectric tests in the field
111 Annex C (informative) Step-voltage regulator construction
C.1 Type A
C.2 Type B
112 C.3 Series transformer
C.4 Reactor circuit
113 C.5 Equalizer winding
115 Annex D (informative) Bypass off Neutral
118 Annex E (informative) Overloading of step-voltage regulators
122 Annex F (informative) Power capacitor and distributed generation compatibility
F.1 Power capacitor application issues
F.1.1 Power circuit for consideration
F.1.2 Voltage regulator incorporating line-drop compensation (LDC) in the control
125 F.1.3 Voltage regulator incorporating line current compensation (LCC) in the control
F.2 Distributed generation application issues
F.2.1 Control operation with power reversal recognition
F.2.1.1 Ignore
126 F.2.1.2 Block
F.2.1.3 Return to Neutral
F.2.1.4 Distributed generation
F.2.2 Power circuit for consideration
127 F.2.3 Distributed generator alternatives
F.2.3.1 Induction generators
F.2.3.2 Wind-Turbine generators
F.2.3.3 Solar photo-voltaic
F.2.4 P-Q summary
F.2.5 Example system with distribution generation (DG)
128 F.2.6 Expanded example, distributed generation mode
129 F.2.7 Caveats
F.2.8 Conclusions
130 Bibliography

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BSI 16/30337130 DC
$24.66