ASHRAE G13 07:2007 Edition
$46.04
ASHRAE Guideline 13-2007 Specifying Direct Digital Control Systems
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASHRAE | 2007 | 110 |
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | FOREWORD FOREWORD 1. Purpose 1. Purpose 2. Scope 2. Scope 3. Preamble 3. Preamble 3.1 Intent of This Document. This guideline provides specifiers of DDC systems with a tool to help them create and edit specific… 3.1 Intent of This Document. This guideline provides specifiers of DDC systems with a tool to help them create and edit specific… 3.2 Use of This Guideline. This guideline is to be used when preparing written and drawn specifications of DDC HVAC control and energy management systems and can be a reference for the design of these DDC systems as well. 3.2 Use of This Guideline. This guideline is to be used when preparing written and drawn specifications of DDC HVAC control and energy management systems and can be a reference for the design of these DDC systems as well. 3.3 Organization of the Guideline. This guideline is organized into 12 chapters, called clauses, each with a main heading. Also, appendices, called annexes, are attached. The document is divided into five major parts: 3.3 Organization of the Guideline. This guideline is organized into 12 chapters, called clauses, each with a main heading. Also, appendices, called annexes, are attached. The document is divided into five major parts: |
| 5 | 4. DDC Overview 4. DDC Overview 4.1 Benefits of DDC. The use of a DDC system provides many benefits for property owners, operators, and managers and, as a resul… 4.1 Benefits of DDC. The use of a DDC system provides many benefits for property owners, operators, and managers and, as a resul… |
| 6 | 4.2 System Overview. The DDC system is composed of both hardware and software combined to produce a seamless architecture that p… 4.2 System Overview. The DDC system is composed of both hardware and software combined to produce a seamless architecture that p… 4.3 Characteristics of a DDC system 4.3 Characteristics of a DDC system 4.3.1 Distributed Control Components. The DDC system is a distributed system controlling individual HVAC systems, thereby performing the processing of information close to the source of the inputs and their controlled devices. 4.3.1 Distributed Control Components. The DDC system is a distributed system controlling individual HVAC systems, thereby performing the processing of information close to the source of the inputs and their controlled devices. 4.3.2 Building Controller. A building controller is a general-purpose controller that is programmable. This controller may have … 4.3.2 Building Controller. A building controller is a general-purpose controller that is programmable. This controller may have … 4.3.3 Custom Application Controller. A custom application controller is a device that normally controls specific pieces of compl… 4.3.3 Custom Application Controller. A custom application controller is a device that normally controls specific pieces of compl… 4.3.4 Application Specific Controller. An ASC is normally used to control VAV boxes, chillers, rooftop units, water-source heat … 4.3.4 Application Specific Controller. An ASC is normally used to control VAV boxes, chillers, rooftop units, water-source heat … 4.3.5 Other Communication Devices. In addition to the functions described for the building controller, custom application contro… 4.3.5 Other Communication Devices. In addition to the functions described for the building controller, custom application contro… |
| 7 | 4.3.6 I/O Devices. DDCs interact with the outside world through the I/Os that are connected to sensors and actuators. Input sens… 4.3.6 I/O Devices. DDCs interact with the outside world through the I/Os that are connected to sensors and actuators. Input sens… 4.3.7 Operator Interface. The operator interface should be specified based on the building operator’s needs. This operator inter… 4.3.7 Operator Interface. The operator interface should be specified based on the building operator’s needs. This operator inter… 4.4 Interoperability Issues. This section describes the issues and rationale that are involved in implementing an interoperable system specification. Case studies that help illustrate how this decision process may be applied are included as Annex C. 4.4 Interoperability Issues. This section describes the issues and rationale that are involved in implementing an interoperable system specification. Case studies that help illustrate how this decision process may be applied are included as Annex C. 4.4.1 Issues Driving a Choice for Interoperability. The demands of the DDC system owners are requiring manufacturers to design a… 4.4.1 Issues Driving a Choice for Interoperability. The demands of the DDC system owners are requiring manufacturers to design a… |
| 8 | 4.4.2 What Needs to Happen to Achieve Interoperability. Once it has been determined that an interoperable system is an economic benefit to the user from a life-cycle standpoint, the next step is to define the degree of interoperability within the system. 4.4.2 What Needs to Happen to Achieve Interoperability. Once it has been determined that an interoperable system is an economic benefit to the user from a life-cycle standpoint, the next step is to define the degree of interoperability within the system. 4.4.3 Performance and Architecture Gateways. Computers require very precise, rigidly defined rules or protocols for successful c… 4.4.3 Performance and Architecture Gateways. Computers require very precise, rigidly defined rules or protocols for successful c… |
| 9 | 4.4.4 Define the Open Protocol to be Used. It is necessary to specify the protocol to be used in an open system in order to driv… 4.4.4 Define the Open Protocol to be Used. It is necessary to specify the protocol to be used in an open system in order to driv… |
| 10 | 5. Design and Construction of DDC Systems 5. Design and Construction of DDC Systems 5.1 Steps in Providing a DDC System. The steps involved in providing a DDC system are shown in Figure 2. 5.1 Steps in Providing a DDC System. The steps involved in providing a DDC system are shown in Figure 2. 5.2 Defining Project Scope. The engineer must use caution to design a DDC system that meets the users’ needs. Some users will ha… 5.2 Defining Project Scope. The engineer must use caution to design a DDC system that meets the users’ needs. Some users will ha… 5.3 Designing the DDC System 5.3 Designing the DDC System 5.3.1 Steps in Creating the Contract Documents. Once the project scope is well understood, the engineer can start on the system … 5.3.1 Steps in Creating the Contract Documents. Once the project scope is well understood, the engineer can start on the system … |
| 11 | 5.3.2 Creating Project Drawings. Control drawings (see Figure 3) are a critical element in documenting the system design. A draw… 5.3.2 Creating Project Drawings. Control drawings (see Figure 3) are a critical element in documenting the system design. A draw… 5.3.3 Sequences of Operation. The sequences of operation describe how the system shall function and are the designer’s primary m… 5.3.3 Sequences of Operation. The sequences of operation describe how the system shall function and are the designer’s primary m… |
| 12 | 5.3.3.1 Writing Control Sequences. Writing clear, unambiguous, concise yet comprehensive sequences of controls is very difficult… 5.3.3.1 Writing Control Sequences. Writing clear, unambiguous, concise yet comprehensive sequences of controls is very difficult… 5.3.3.2 Organizing Control Sequences. There are two basic methods of organizing a sequence of operation: by operating mode or by… 5.3.3.2 Organizing Control Sequences. There are two basic methods of organizing a sequence of operation: by operating mode or by… 5.3.4 Object List. The object list is a tabulation of all system hardware and software points (see Figure 5). Since these points… 5.3.4 Object List. The object list is a tabulation of all system hardware and software points (see Figure 5). Since these points… 5.3.5 Specification. The example specification follows the format determined by the CSI. Under the 1995 CSI Master Format‰, a co… 5.3.5 Specification. The example specification follows the format determined by the CSI. Under the 1995 CSI Master Format‰, a co… |
| 14 | 5.3.6 Editing a Specification. When editing a master specification, it is important to refer back to the project criteria that w… 5.3.6 Editing a Specification. When editing a master specification, it is important to refer back to the project criteria that w… 5.4 Special Considerations for Retrofit Projects. Often the design of a DDC system will be for use in an existing building. This… 5.4 Special Considerations for Retrofit Projects. Often the design of a DDC system will be for use in an existing building. This… |
| 17 | 5.5 Bidding the Project. Once the contract documents- including the drawings, sequences, I/O list, and specification-are complet… 5.5 Bidding the Project. Once the contract documents- including the drawings, sequences, I/O list, and specification-are complet… 5.6 Submittals. Once the DDC system supplier has been selected, the submittal process begins. The first step in the submittal pr… 5.6 Submittals. Once the DDC system supplier has been selected, the submittal process begins. The first step in the submittal pr… 5.7 Project Installation and Checkout. Once the submittals are successfully reviewed, the DDC system supplier is able to begin t… 5.7 Project Installation and Checkout. Once the submittals are successfully reviewed, the DDC system supplier is able to begin t… |
| 18 | 5.8 Project Completion and Warranty. Before installation is complete and immediately thereafter, the operators of the system are… 5.8 Project Completion and Warranty. Before installation is complete and immediately thereafter, the operators of the system are… 5.9 Closing Comments. This section has provided an introduction to DDC systems and issues to consider when specifying these syst… 5.9 Closing Comments. This section has provided an introduction to DDC systems and issues to consider when specifying these syst… 6. About Clauses 7, 8, and 9 6. About Clauses 7, 8, and 9 7. Specification Part 1: General 7. Specification Part 1: General 7.1 Products Furnished but Not Installed under This Section. There are a variety of products furnished by a controls subcontract… 7.1 Products Furnished but Not Installed under This Section. There are a variety of products furnished by a controls subcontract… |
| 19 | 7.2 Products Installed but Not Furnished under This Section. A variety of HVAC equipment can be specified with manufacturer-furn… 7.2 Products Installed but Not Furnished under This Section. A variety of HVAC equipment can be specified with manufacturer-furn… 7.3 Products Not Furnished or Installed under but Integrated with the Work of This Section. DDC systems are increasingly relying… 7.3 Products Not Furnished or Installed under but Integrated with the Work of This Section. DDC systems are increasingly relying… 7.4 Related Sections. Controls are typically field-installed on a variety of mechanical and other equipment. The installation ef… 7.4 Related Sections. Controls are typically field-installed on a variety of mechanical and other equipment. The installation ef… |
| 20 | 7.5 Description of DDC System. This section should contain a narrative description of the system. This description could include… 7.5 Description of DDC System. This section should contain a narrative description of the system. This description could include… |
| 21 | 7.6 Approved Control System Contractors and Manufacturers 7.6 Approved Control System Contractors and Manufacturers 7.6.1 General. The controls subcontractor chosen for the project is perhaps the single most important factor in the successful i… 7.6.1 General. The controls subcontractor chosen for the project is perhaps the single most important factor in the successful i… 7.6.2 Technical Proposals. An alternative approach to controlling subcontractor quality is to request technical proposals from p… 7.6.2 Technical Proposals. An alternative approach to controlling subcontractor quality is to request technical proposals from p… |
| 22 | 7.6.3 Listing Control System Contractors or Manufacturers in the Specification. While it is desirable to specify approved contra… 7.6.3 Listing Control System Contractors or Manufacturers in the Specification. While it is desirable to specify approved contra… 7.7 Quality Assurance. These paragraphs can provide a variety of requirements concerning the standards of practice that should apply to the controls subcontractor and his/her products and installation practices. 7.7 Quality Assurance. These paragraphs can provide a variety of requirements concerning the standards of practice that should apply to the controls subcontractor and his/her products and installation practices. 7.8 Codes and Standards. This paragraph should list only those codes and standards, along with the specific sections, used in th… 7.8 Codes and Standards. This paragraph should list only those codes and standards, along with the specific sections, used in th… |
| 23 | 7.9 System Performance. The specifier is always faced with the choice of being prescriptively detailed versus less exact in desc… 7.9 System Performance. The specifier is always faced with the choice of being prescriptively detailed versus less exact in desc… |
| 24 | 7.10 Submittals. In general, submittals provide the specifier an opportunity to review the work of the contractor before constru… 7.10 Submittals. In general, submittals provide the specifier an opportunity to review the work of the contractor before constru… |
| 28 | 7.11 Warranty. The warranty is usually a written guarantee of the integrity of a product and/or service and the good faith of th… 7.11 Warranty. The warranty is usually a written guarantee of the integrity of a product and/or service and the good faith of th… 7.11.1 The General Conditions of the Specification. The general conditions define the warranty terms and conditions for the entire project and should be referenced in any warranty conditions listed in the controls specification. 7.11.1 The General Conditions of the Specification. The general conditions define the warranty terms and conditions for the entire project and should be referenced in any warranty conditions listed in the controls specification. 7.11.2 The Guarantee. A guarantee that the temperature control system will be “free from defects in workmanship and material.” 7.11.2 The Guarantee. A guarantee that the temperature control system will be “free from defects in workmanship and material.” 7.11.3 Warranty Period. The warranty period will vary with the type of project and the owner’s requirements. A typical warranty … 7.11.3 Warranty Period. The warranty period will vary with the type of project and the owner’s requirements. A typical warranty … 7.11.4 Commencement of the Warranty. The DDC system warranty begins upon acceptance of the system. The system can be accepted through one of three common methods: 7.11.4 Commencement of the Warranty. The DDC system warranty begins upon acceptance of the system. The system can be accepted through one of three common methods: 7.11.5 Notification of Failure and/or Defects. The owner should contact the (prime) contractor during the contract warranty peri… 7.11.5 Notification of Failure and/or Defects. The owner should contact the (prime) contractor during the contract warranty peri… 7.11.6 Response Time to Correct Failures and/or Defects. Response time to a warranty call shall indicate the time required to re… 7.11.6 Response Time to Correct Failures and/or Defects. Response time to a warranty call shall indicate the time required to re… 7.11.7 Cost. To avoid additional cost to the owner, state that a warranty response and the repair or replacement of a defective or failed component should be made at no charge to the owner. 7.11.7 Cost. To avoid additional cost to the owner, state that a warranty response and the repair or replacement of a defective or failed component should be made at no charge to the owner. 7.11.8 Software/Firmware Updates. To ensure that the owner will have the most current operating system provided by the manufactu… 7.11.8 Software/Firmware Updates. To ensure that the owner will have the most current operating system provided by the manufactu… 7.11.9 Periodic Preventive Maintenance Service. Depending upon the owner’s needs and requirements for the project, regular preve… 7.11.9 Periodic Preventive Maintenance Service. Depending upon the owner’s needs and requirements for the project, regular preve… |
| 29 | 7.12 Ownership of Proprietary Material. The purpose of this paragraph is to cover ownership of the items developed for or suppli… 7.12 Ownership of Proprietary Material. The purpose of this paragraph is to cover ownership of the items developed for or suppli… 7.13 Definitions. This paragraph includes definitions unique to DDC systems. To ensure effective communication, it is important that the same definitions of commonly used terms be employed. 7.13 Definitions. This paragraph includes definitions unique to DDC systems. To ensure effective communication, it is important that the same definitions of commonly used terms be employed. |
| 30 | 8. Specification Part 2: Products 8. Specification Part 2: Products 8.1 Materials. In general, it is important to specify that the products and materials that are provided should be new and part of the manufacturer’s current product line and that they will be supported for at least five years. 8.1 Materials. In general, it is important to specify that the products and materials that are provided should be new and part of the manufacturer’s current product line and that they will be supported for at least five years. 8.2 Communication 8.2 Communication 8.2.1 Network Arrangement. The arrangement of the controllers and how they are linked together in a network is called system arc… 8.2.1 Network Arrangement. The arrangement of the controllers and how they are linked together in a network is called system arc… |
| 31 | 8.2.2 Workstation Communication. This type of communication is high speed and data rich. While communication between workstation… 8.2.2 Workstation Communication. This type of communication is high speed and data rich. While communication between workstation… 8.2.3 Controller Communication. This bus can have the greatest effect on overall system throughput. All global objects will comm… 8.2.3 Controller Communication. This bus can have the greatest effect on overall system throughput. All global objects will comm… 8.2.4 Secondary Bus Communication. Speed for this bus must be evaluated on an application basis. The most common use for this bu… 8.2.4 Secondary Bus Communication. Speed for this bus must be evaluated on an application basis. The most common use for this bu… 8.2.5 System Architecture. The system architecture, topology, or arrangement of devices on the networks that makes up a building… 8.2.5 System Architecture. The system architecture, topology, or arrangement of devices on the networks that makes up a building… |
| 32 | 8.2.6 Communication Performance. DDC system communication is tied most directly to the “communication” article of the example specification but also deals with other areas of the specification, most notably the “system performance” article. 8.2.6 Communication Performance. DDC system communication is tied most directly to the “communication” article of the example specification but also deals with other areas of the specification, most notably the “system performance” article. 8.2.7 Communication Protocols 8.2.7 Communication Protocols 8.2.7.1 Interoperability. It is important to note that the goal of interoperability between different manufacturers’ control sys… 8.2.7.1 Interoperability. It is important to note that the goal of interoperability between different manufacturers’ control sys… 8.2.7.1.1 Data Exchange. The exchange of data between two devices (e.g., PC workstations, building controllers, custom applicati… 8.2.7.1.1 Data Exchange. The exchange of data between two devices (e.g., PC workstations, building controllers, custom applicati… 8.2.7.1.2 Advanced Interoperable Functions. While the data exchange function is able to achieve a wide variety of functions, the… 8.2.7.1.2 Advanced Interoperable Functions. While the data exchange function is able to achieve a wide variety of functions, the… 8.2.7.2 Network Communications. While the example specification uses the BACnet standard to help define communication within the… 8.2.7.2 Network Communications. While the example specification uses the BACnet standard to help define communication within the… |
| 33 | 8.2.8 Integrating a Proprietary System with an Open Protocol System 8.2.8 Integrating a Proprietary System with an Open Protocol System 8.2.8.1 Method. The integration of open and proprietary systems might include the following scenario. 8.2.8.1 Method. The integration of open and proprietary systems might include the following scenario. 8.2.8.2 System Integrator. If using a system integrator to perform the work of integrating systems that use one communication pr… 8.2.8.2 System Integrator. If using a system integrator to perform the work of integrating systems that use one communication pr… |
| 34 | 8.3 Clock Synchronization. Since most systems will have multiple devices with real-time clocks, a method of coordinating the clo… 8.3 Clock Synchronization. Since most systems will have multiple devices with real-time clocks, a method of coordinating the clo… 8.4 Operator Interface. The operator interface section of this clause describes what the system operator will see when he/she interfaces with the system. This discussion is tightly coupled with the controller software section that follows. 8.4 Operator Interface. The operator interface section of this clause describes what the system operator will see when he/she interfaces with the system. This discussion is tightly coupled with the controller software section that follows. 8.4.1 Number of Operator Interface Devices Required. This simply sets the desired number of operator interface devices (workstat… 8.4.1 Number of Operator Interface Devices Required. This simply sets the desired number of operator interface devices (workstat… 8.4.2 Physical System Connection. On a small project, the operator interface device may be connected directly to a panel or may … 8.4.2 Physical System Connection. On a small project, the operator interface device may be connected directly to a panel or may … |
| 35 | 8.4.3 System Hardware. Depending on the project, the operator may access the DDC system directly via an operator workstation or … 8.4.3 System Hardware. Depending on the project, the operator may access the DDC system directly via an operator workstation or … |
| 36 | 8.4.4 System Software. This section only details the software that runs on the PC workstation. All of the other functions descri… 8.4.4 System Software. This section only details the software that runs on the PC workstation. All of the other functions descri… 8.4.4.1 Operating System. The operating system for the PC workstation should be multitasking and support of the use of other cur… 8.4.4.1 Operating System. The operating system for the PC workstation should be multitasking and support of the use of other cur… 8.4.4.2 System Graphics. The system graphics will provide the primary method of system interface for the operator. Graphics are … 8.4.4.2 System Graphics. The system graphics will provide the primary method of system interface for the operator. Graphics are … 8.4.4.3 System Applications 8.4.4.3 System Applications 8.4.4.3.1 General. The systems applications are all edited and archived on the PC workstation but executed on the appropriate system controller. 8.4.4.3.1 General. The systems applications are all edited and archived on the PC workstation but executed on the appropriate system controller. 8.4.4.3.2 Automatic and Manual System Database Save and Restore. This provides a method to back up the system applications on th… 8.4.4.3.2 Automatic and Manual System Database Save and Restore. This provides a method to back up the system applications on th… |
| 37 | 8.4.4.3.3 System Configuration. This is the low- level system setup. 8.4.4.3.3 System Configuration. This is the low- level system setup. 8.4.4.3.4 Online Help. Online help provides the operator with assistance without requiring the use of reference manuals. 8.4.4.3.4 Online Help. Online help provides the operator with assistance without requiring the use of reference manuals. 8.4.4.3.5 Security. Since the system’s PC workstations are frequently located in nonsecure locations, a method of protecting the… 8.4.4.3.5 Security. Since the system’s PC workstations are frequently located in nonsecure locations, a method of protecting the… 8.4.4.3.6 System Diagnostics. Computer-based systems should be able to provide their own diagnosis of problems. 8.4.4.3.6 System Diagnostics. Computer-based systems should be able to provide their own diagnosis of problems. 8.4.4.4 Alarm Processing. One of the valuable services that an automation system can provide is to notify the operator when some… 8.4.4.4 Alarm Processing. One of the valuable services that an automation system can provide is to notify the operator when some… |
| 38 | 8.4.4.5 Trend, Alarm, and Event Logs. The system should have the capability to store data in a list or log. These are used to re… 8.4.4.5 Trend, Alarm, and Event Logs. The system should have the capability to store data in a list or log. These are used to re… 8.4.4.6 Object and Property Status and Control. In most cases, the operator will interact with the system through the system gra… 8.4.4.6 Object and Property Status and Control. In most cases, the operator will interact with the system through the system gra… 8.4.4.7 Reports and Logs. Systems that have a designated full-time or part-time operator may benefit from system reporting. This provides a method to have the system prepare a concise record of operating characteristics over time. 8.4.4.7 Reports and Logs. Systems that have a designated full-time or part-time operator may benefit from system reporting. This provides a method to have the system prepare a concise record of operating characteristics over time. |
| 39 | 8.4.4.8 Custom Reports. Other reports, listed below, are representative of several reports that could be specified for a new pro… 8.4.4.8 Custom Reports. Other reports, listed below, are representative of several reports that could be specified for a new pro… 8.4.4.8.1 Tenant Override Report. This report documents after-hours equipment operation (e.g., lighting, HVAC) requested by tenants. It should be specified only when after-hours services are being provided and accounted for by the operator. 8.4.4.8.1 Tenant Override Report. This report documents after-hours equipment operation (e.g., lighting, HVAC) requested by tenants. It should be specified only when after-hours services are being provided and accounted for by the operator. 8.4.4.8.2 Electrical, Gas, and Weather Reports. These are valuable for comparing energy usage from year to year and for budgetin… 8.4.4.8.2 Electrical, Gas, and Weather Reports. These are valuable for comparing energy usage from year to year and for budgetin… 8.4.4.8.3 ASHRAE Guideline 3 Report. This is a log recommended for large chillers (>700 kW [200 ton]) on a daily basis by ANSI/A… 8.4.4.8.3 ASHRAE Guideline 3 Report. This is a log recommended for large chillers (>700 kW [200 ton]) on a daily basis by ANSI/A… |
| 40 | 8.4.4.9 Workstation Application Editors. This section details how the applications that run on the system controllers should be set up and edited on the PC workstation. 8.4.4.9 Workstation Application Editors. This section details how the applications that run on the system controllers should be set up and edited on the PC workstation. 8.4.4.10 Controller. The system will typically consist of a series of controllers. Application specific controllers require operator setup of parameters such as setpoints, flow parameters, etc. 8.4.4.10 Controller. The system will typically consist of a series of controllers. Application specific controllers require operator setup of parameters such as setpoints, flow parameters, etc. 8.4.4.11 Scheduling. The scheduling application is set up in the PC and executed on the controller. 8.4.4.11 Scheduling. The scheduling application is set up in the PC and executed on the controller. 8.4.4.12 Custom Application Programming. Smaller and less sophisticated projects will use standard application programs for most… 8.4.4.12 Custom Application Programming. Smaller and less sophisticated projects will use standard application programs for most… |
| 41 | 8.4.5 Portable Operator’s Terminal. The function of the portable operator’s terminal is to provide a convenient way to obtain sy… 8.4.5 Portable Operator’s Terminal. The function of the portable operator’s terminal is to provide a convenient way to obtain sy… 8.5 Controller Software. This section concerns the software that runs the building and energy management applications. This software must reside and operate in the controllers that comprise the network, not the PC operator workstations. 8.5 Controller Software. This section concerns the software that runs the building and energy management applications. This software must reside and operate in the controllers that comprise the network, not the PC operator workstations. |
| 42 | 8.5.1 Security. The software contained in the controllers must be kept secure and protected from modification or corruption by u… 8.5.1 Security. The software contained in the controllers must be kept secure and protected from modification or corruption by u… 8.5.2 Scheduling. System scheduling software resides on and is executed by the controllers. Scheduling setup and editing is normally done from the workstations. The following specification language represents typical scheduling programs. 8.5.2 Scheduling. System scheduling software resides on and is executed by the controllers. Scheduling setup and editing is normally done from the workstations. The following specification language represents typical scheduling programs. 8.5.3 Grouping. It is extremely useful to be able to group together equipment with similar functions and/or locations. 8.5.3 Grouping. It is extremely useful to be able to group together equipment with similar functions and/or locations. 8.5.4 Alarm Processing. One of the valuable services that an automation system can provide is to notify the operator when someth… 8.5.4 Alarm Processing. One of the valuable services that an automation system can provide is to notify the operator when someth… 8.5.5 Remote Communication. The controllers often need the ability to communicate offsite in order to automatically report a serious alarm. This specification wording requires that the communication conforms to BACnet PTP. 8.5.5 Remote Communication. The controllers often need the ability to communicate offsite in order to automatically report a serious alarm. This specification wording requires that the communication conforms to BACnet PTP. 8.5.6 Standard Application Programs. The following specification paragraphs detail the requirements for several typical applicat… 8.5.6 Standard Application Programs. The following specification paragraphs detail the requirements for several typical applicat… |
| 43 | 8.5.7 Demand Limiting. This program is fairly limited in its application and should be specified with considerable care to avoid nuisance shutdowns and curtailment of services to critical systems. 8.5.7 Demand Limiting. This program is fairly limited in its application and should be specified with considerable care to avoid nuisance shutdowns and curtailment of services to critical systems. 8.5.8 Maintenance Management. This application is frequently handled by non-energy-management software. Consult with the owner to determine his/her needs and to coordinate with third-party software. 8.5.8 Maintenance Management. This application is frequently handled by non-energy-management software. Consult with the owner to determine his/her needs and to coordinate with third-party software. 8.5.9 Sequencing. This ensures that equipment start/stop follows a specific sequence of operation. If the sequence of operation is written correctly, the capability of this application will be provided. 8.5.9 Sequencing. This ensures that equipment start/stop follows a specific sequence of operation. If the sequence of operation is written correctly, the capability of this application will be provided. 8.5.10 Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control. This control algorithm defines process feedback loop control. Most HVAC processes use only the proportional or proportional-integral features of PID loop control. 8.5.10 Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control. This control algorithm defines process feedback loop control. Most HVAC processes use only the proportional or proportional-integral features of PID loop control. |
| 44 | 8.5.11 Staggered Start. Another application of the sequencing program, the staggered start, is justified only if several large m… 8.5.11 Staggered Start. Another application of the sequencing program, the staggered start, is justified only if several large m… 8.5.12 Energy Calculations. This application is a companion to demand limiting. It also should be specified if the owner is managing power consumption under time-of-day or real-time energy rates. 8.5.12 Energy Calculations. This application is a companion to demand limiting. It also should be specified if the owner is managing power consumption under time-of-day or real-time energy rates. 8.5.13 Anti-Short Cycling. Anti-short cycling is a protective application to prevent accidental switching of binary outputs. 8.5.13 Anti-Short Cycling. Anti-short cycling is a protective application to prevent accidental switching of binary outputs. 8.5.14 On/Off Control with Differential. This application simulates the action of a switch with an adjustable dead band in software. It can be used in a tank-filling application, for instance. 8.5.14 On/Off Control with Differential. This application simulates the action of a switch with an adjustable dead band in software. It can be used in a tank-filling application, for instance. 8.5.15 Runtime Totalization. This application is frequently used in a tracking/reporting system and motor accumulated runtime-ei… 8.5.15 Runtime Totalization. This application is frequently used in a tracking/reporting system and motor accumulated runtime-ei… 8.6 Building Controllers 8.6 Building Controllers 8.6.1 General. The example specification describes the characteristics of building controllers and is tightly coupled with the a… 8.6.1 General. The example specification describes the characteristics of building controllers and is tightly coupled with the a… 8.6.2 Background. The primary purpose of a building controller is to facilitate global control strategies. The building controll… 8.6.2 Background. The primary purpose of a building controller is to facilitate global control strategies. The building controll… |
| 45 | 8.6.3 Internal Software. The building controller contains software and firmware that compose its operating system and internal a… 8.6.3 Internal Software. The building controller contains software and firmware that compose its operating system and internal a… 8.6.4 Modularity. The building controller may be modular in design. This feature is generally important for two reasons: lower f… 8.6.4 Modularity. The building controller may be modular in design. This feature is generally important for two reasons: lower f… 8.6.5 Operator Software. It may be desirable to specify that the building operator will have the ability to make software change… 8.6.5 Operator Software. It may be desirable to specify that the building operator will have the ability to make software change… 8.6.6 Inputs and Outputs. The building controller will receive signals from remote building sensors, transmitters, transducers, meters, etc., and typically will accept the following inputs: 8.6.6 Inputs and Outputs. The building controller will receive signals from remote building sensors, transmitters, transducers, meters, etc., and typically will accept the following inputs: 8.6.7 Power Supplies. Building controllers are powered by either 24 or 120 VAC sources. The variance in acceptable voltage ampli… 8.6.7 Power Supplies. Building controllers are powered by either 24 or 120 VAC sources. The variance in acceptable voltage ampli… |
| 46 | 8.6.8 Listings. Listings such as UL or CSA need to be determined based upon local code and owner’s requirements. Listing require… 8.6.8 Listings. Listings such as UL or CSA need to be determined based upon local code and owner’s requirements. Listing require… 8.6.9 Distribution of Controllers. It is advantageous to limit the number of major systems connected to one controller. This can… 8.6.9 Distribution of Controllers. It is advantageous to limit the number of major systems connected to one controller. This can… |
| 48 | 8.7 Custom Application Controllers 8.7 Custom Application Controllers 8.7.1 General. The following describes some of the general characteristics of a custom application controller. Refer to the disc… 8.7.1 General. The following describes some of the general characteristics of a custom application controller. Refer to the disc… 8.7.2 Internal Software. The custom application controller contains software or firmware that comprise the operating system and … 8.7.2 Internal Software. The custom application controller contains software or firmware that comprise the operating system and … 8.7.3 Modularity. The custom application controller may be modular in design. This feature is generally important for two reason… 8.7.3 Modularity. The custom application controller may be modular in design. This feature is generally important for two reason… 8.7.4 Operator Software. It may be desirable to specify that the building operator will have the ability to make software change… 8.7.4 Operator Software. It may be desirable to specify that the building operator will have the ability to make software change… 8.7.5 Inputs and Outputs. Custom application controllers will receive signals from remote building sensors, transmitters, transducers, meters, etc., and typically will accept the following inputs: 8.7.5 Inputs and Outputs. Custom application controllers will receive signals from remote building sensors, transmitters, transducers, meters, etc., and typically will accept the following inputs: |
| 49 | 8.7.6 Power Supplies. Custom application controllers are powered by either 24 or 120 VAC sources. The variance in acceptable vol… 8.7.6 Power Supplies. Custom application controllers are powered by either 24 or 120 VAC sources. The variance in acceptable vol… 8.7.7 Listings. Listings such as UL or CSA need to be determined based upon local code and owner requirements. Listing requireme… 8.7.7 Listings. Listings such as UL or CSA need to be determined based upon local code and owner requirements. Listing requireme… 8.7.8 Distribution of Controllers. It is advantageous to limit the number of major systems connected to one controller. This can… 8.7.8 Distribution of Controllers. It is advantageous to limit the number of major systems connected to one controller. This can… |
| 51 | 8.8 Application Specific Controllers 8.8 Application Specific Controllers 8.8.1 General. The following describes some of the general characteristics of an application specific controller: 8.8.1 General. The following describes some of the general characteristics of an application specific controller: 8.8.2 Background. The typical building will usually contain more application specific controllers than any other type of control… 8.8.2 Background. The typical building will usually contain more application specific controllers than any other type of control… |
| 53 | 8.9 Input/Output Interface 8.9 Input/Output Interface 8.9.1 General. Input objects and output objects interface with a DDC system by wiring a remote device to be controlled and/or monitored directly to the building, custom, and/or application specific controllers. 8.9.1 General. Input objects and output objects interface with a DDC system by wiring a remote device to be controlled and/or monitored directly to the building, custom, and/or application specific controllers. 8.9.2 Binary Inputs. A binary input may be a dry contact closure by a remote device or may be a voltage level change impressed u… 8.9.2 Binary Inputs. A binary input may be a dry contact closure by a remote device or may be a voltage level change impressed u… 8.9.3 Pulse Accumulation Inputs. Pulsed inputs are commonly used with devices that use contact closures to determine a specific … 8.9.3 Pulse Accumulation Inputs. Pulsed inputs are commonly used with devices that use contact closures to determine a specific … |
| 54 | 8.9.4 Analog Inputs. An analog input is a remote device generating a varying (proportional) signal that is interpreted by the bu… 8.9.4 Analog Inputs. An analog input is a remote device generating a varying (proportional) signal that is interpreted by the bu… 8.9.5 Binary Outputs. Binary outputs are basically “contact” closures (i.e., the DDC output is binary on/off type). When the out… 8.9.5 Binary Outputs. Binary outputs are basically “contact” closures (i.e., the DDC output is binary on/off type). When the out… 8.9.6 Analog Outputs. Analog outputs are generally continuously variable voltage or current signals, used to vary the position o… 8.9.6 Analog Outputs. Analog outputs are generally continuously variable voltage or current signals, used to vary the position o… 8.9.7 Tri-State Outputs. Through the building, custom application, and/or application specific controller, the tri-state outputs… 8.9.7 Tri-State Outputs. Through the building, custom application, and/or application specific controller, the tri-state outputs… 8.9.8 Universal I/Os. Some manufacturers provide for universal-type I/Ots that may be designated as either binary (digital) or analog (proportional) input/output. The type of I/O is programmed by the user without hardware modifications. 8.9.8 Universal I/Os. Some manufacturers provide for universal-type I/Ots that may be designated as either binary (digital) or analog (proportional) input/output. The type of I/O is programmed by the user without hardware modifications. |
| 55 | 8.10 Power Supplies and Line Filtering 8.10 Power Supplies and Line Filtering 8.10.1 Control Transformers. Step-down control transformers with 24 VAC secondary voltage are normally provided as the AC power … 8.10.1 Control Transformers. Step-down control transformers with 24 VAC secondary voltage are normally provided as the AC power … 8.10.2 DC Power Supplies. DC power supplies for DDC controllers and I/O modules are normally incorporated into the control devic… 8.10.2 DC Power Supplies. DC power supplies for DDC controllers and I/O modules are normally incorporated into the control devic… 8.10.3 Power Line Filtering. It can be desirable to provide for transient voltage and surge suppression (TVSS) on all power sour… 8.10.3 Power Line Filtering. It can be desirable to provide for transient voltage and surge suppression (TVSS) on all power sour… |
| 56 | 8.11 Auxiliary Control Devices 8.11 Auxiliary Control Devices 8.11.1 Motorized Control Dampers. Please refer to Clause 11 of this guideline and the ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals, also HVAC A… 8.11.1 Motorized Control Dampers. Please refer to Clause 11 of this guideline and the ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals, also HVAC A… 8.11.2 Damper/Valve Actuators. All actuators have several distinct purposes. They all must: 8.11.2 Damper/Valve Actuators. All actuators have several distinct purposes. They all must: 8.11.2.1 Electric Actuators. Electric actuators are often used with 110 VAC power; however, actuators are available in a wide variety of AC and DC voltages. 8.11.2.1 Electric Actuators. Electric actuators are often used with 110 VAC power; however, actuators are available in a wide variety of AC and DC voltages. |
| 57 | 8.11.2.2 Performance Characteristics of Electric Actuators. Electric actuators that are most commonly available for use within t… 8.11.2.2 Performance Characteristics of Electric Actuators. Electric actuators that are most commonly available for use within t… 8.11.2.3 Pneumatic Damper/Valve Actuators and Positioners. Most pneumatic actuators use the control air signal of 20 to 100 kPa (3 to 15 psi) to actuate. If they are equipped with pilot positioners, a main air supply is also required. 8.11.2.3 Pneumatic Damper/Valve Actuators and Positioners. Most pneumatic actuators use the control air signal of 20 to 100 kPa (3 to 15 psi) to actuate. If they are equipped with pilot positioners, a main air supply is also required. 8.11.2.4 Performance Characteristics of Pneumatic Actuators. Pneumatic actuators have a 100% duty cycle. In fact, the harder they work, the better they work. Pneumatic actuators may be stalled indefinitely without damage. 8.11.2.4 Performance Characteristics of Pneumatic Actuators. Pneumatic actuators have a 100% duty cycle. In fact, the harder they work, the better they work. Pneumatic actuators may be stalled indefinitely without damage. |
| 58 | 8.11.3 Control Valves. Please refer to the Clause 11 of this guideline and the ASHRAE Handbooks (Fundamentals, HVAC Applications… 8.11.3 Control Valves. Please refer to the Clause 11 of this guideline and the ASHRAE Handbooks (Fundamentals, HVAC Applications… |
| 59 | 8.11.4 Temperature Devices 8.11.4 Temperature Devices 8.11.4.1 Binary Temperature Devices. A variety of temperature-sensing devices with a binary (on/off) output are available. These… 8.11.4.1 Binary Temperature Devices. A variety of temperature-sensing devices with a binary (on/off) output are available. These… 8.11.4.2 RTDs. Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are temperature sensors containing either a fine wire or a thin metallic … 8.11.4.2 RTDs. Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are temperature sensors containing either a fine wire or a thin metallic … |
| 60 | 8.11.4.3 Thermistors. Thermistors are temperature- sensitive resistors whose resistance varies inversely with temperature. The r… 8.11.4.3 Thermistors. Thermistors are temperature- sensitive resistors whose resistance varies inversely with temperature. The r… 8.11.4.4 Sensor Accuracy. It must be understood that the first step in accuracy is the sensor itself. However, factoring in an o… 8.11.4.4 Sensor Accuracy. It must be understood that the first step in accuracy is the sensor itself. However, factoring in an o… 8.11.5 Humidity Devices 8.11.5 Humidity Devices 8.11.5.1 Polymer Film Element Humidity Devices. These devices have a hygroscopic organic polymer deposited on a water permeable … 8.11.5.1 Polymer Film Element Humidity Devices. These devices have a hygroscopic organic polymer deposited on a water permeable … 8.11.5.2 Binary Humidity Devices. Duct and/or space humidity sensors are also available with a binary (contact) output. These de… 8.11.5.2 Binary Humidity Devices. Duct and/or space humidity sensors are also available with a binary (contact) output. These de… |
| 61 | 8.11.6 Flow Switches. Flow switches are used to positively sense a moving medium. The two common options for assessing flow are a sail or paddle type of switch in the fluid and a differential pressure switch. 8.11.6 Flow Switches. Flow switches are used to positively sense a moving medium. The two common options for assessing flow are a sail or paddle type of switch in the fluid and a differential pressure switch. 8.11.7 Relays. Relays provide a means for one electrical source to switch a separate electrical circuit at the same or different… 8.11.7 Relays. Relays provide a means for one electrical source to switch a separate electrical circuit at the same or different… 8.11.8 Override Timers. Override timers are typically used to allow a building operator to override the “unoccupied” operation m… 8.11.8 Override Timers. Override timers are typically used to allow a building operator to override the “unoccupied” operation m… 8.11.9 Power Monitoring 8.11.9 Power Monitoring 8.11.9.1 Current Sensing. Current transformers can be used to reduce the measured current to a lower, proportional current. A tr… 8.11.9.1 Current Sensing. Current transformers can be used to reduce the measured current to a lower, proportional current. A tr… |
| 62 | 8.11.9.2 Voltage Sensing. Voltage transformers can be connected across the higher voltage to be measured. The secondary will pro… 8.11.9.2 Voltage Sensing. Voltage transformers can be connected across the higher voltage to be measured. The secondary will pro… 8.11.9.3 Power Sensing. Wattmeters measure both current and voltage to determine the consumption (kWh) and demand (kW) of electr… 8.11.9.3 Power Sensing. Wattmeters measure both current and voltage to determine the consumption (kWh) and demand (kW) of electr… |
| 63 | 8.11.9.4 Thermal Energy (Btu) Meter. Thermal energy meters (often called Btu meters when the output is measured in British therm… 8.11.9.4 Thermal Energy (Btu) Meter. Thermal energy meters (often called Btu meters when the output is measured in British therm… 8.11.10 Equipment Status Sensing 8.11.10 Equipment Status Sensing 8.11.10.1 Analog Feedback from System. The status of system components may be determined either by a feedback signal from the el… 8.11.10.1 Analog Feedback from System. The status of system components may be determined either by a feedback signal from the el… |
| 64 | 8.11.10.2 Determination of on/off Condition of Equipment. Status Relays: Energize a relay powered through the auxiliary switch o… 8.11.10.2 Determination of on/off Condition of Equipment. Status Relays: Energize a relay powered through the auxiliary switch o… 8.11.11 Pressure Devices 8.11.11 Pressure Devices 8.11.11.1 Space Static Pressure Sensors. Outputs of 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 10 VDC and inputs of -60 to 60 Pa (-0.25 to 0.25 in. w.g…. 8.11.11.1 Space Static Pressure Sensors. Outputs of 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 10 VDC and inputs of -60 to 60 Pa (-0.25 to 0.25 in. w.g…. 8.11.11.2 Duct Static Pressure Sensors. The points covered in the discussion of the space static pressure sensor apply here. In … 8.11.11.2 Duct Static Pressure Sensors. The points covered in the discussion of the space static pressure sensor apply here. In … 8.11.11.3 Differential Pressure-Hydronic. Outputs of 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 10 VDC and input ranges of -0.25 to 0.25 in. w.g. are st… 8.11.11.3 Differential Pressure-Hydronic. Outputs of 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 10 VDC and input ranges of -0.25 to 0.25 in. w.g. are st… |
| 65 | 8.11.11.4 Pressure Switches. Various types of pressure-sensing devices with contact outputs are available. Some examples are wat… 8.11.11.4 Pressure Switches. Various types of pressure-sensing devices with contact outputs are available. Some examples are wat… 8.11.12 Electro-Pneumatic Transducers. All modulated signals to pneumatic equipment from DDC controllers are produced by electro… 8.11.12 Electro-Pneumatic Transducers. All modulated signals to pneumatic equipment from DDC controllers are produced by electro… |
| 66 | 8.11.13 Local Control Panels. While the DDC system’s building, custom application, and application specific controllers are hous… 8.11.13 Local Control Panels. While the DDC system’s building, custom application, and application specific controllers are hous… 8.12 Wiring and Raceways. Copper wiring, plenum cable, and raceway are normally specified in great detail in Division 16, “Elect… 8.12 Wiring and Raceways. Copper wiring, plenum cable, and raceway are normally specified in great detail in Division 16, “Elect… 8.13 Fiber Optic Cable System. Fiber optics is an alternative to a copper wire-based communication media. Fiber optic media can … 8.13 Fiber Optic Cable System. Fiber optics is an alternative to a copper wire-based communication media. Fiber optic media can … 8.14 Compressed Air Supply-Pneumatic. Compressed air supply systems are not required when there is no pneumatic control and actuation. 8.14 Compressed Air Supply-Pneumatic. Compressed air supply systems are not required when there is no pneumatic control and actuation. 8.14.1 General. A pneumatic compressed air system furnishes clean, dry air at the proper pressure to all pneumatic control devic… 8.14.1 General. A pneumatic compressed air system furnishes clean, dry air at the proper pressure to all pneumatic control devic… |
| 67 | 8.14.2 Air Volume. The air supply requirement of a pneumatic system is the sum of the air consumption of all consuming devices (… 8.14.2 Air Volume. The air supply requirement of a pneumatic system is the sum of the air consumption of all consuming devices (… 8.14.3 Clean Air Requirement. Contaminants in the air require that a compressor air intake filter be installed to remove particles that would interfere with clearances in the compressor pump. 8.14.3 Clean Air Requirement. Contaminants in the air require that a compressor air intake filter be installed to remove particles that would interfere with clearances in the compressor pump. 8.14.4 Dry Air Requirement. Pneumatic air distribution tubing runs throughout the building and sometimes outdoors. The coldest a… 8.14.4 Dry Air Requirement. Pneumatic air distribution tubing runs throughout the building and sometimes outdoors. The coldest a… 8.14.5 Air Compressors. The most commonly used temperature control air compressors are the electrically driven simplex (one comp… 8.14.5 Air Compressors. The most commonly used temperature control air compressors are the electrically driven simplex (one comp… 8.14.6 Air Dryers 8.14.6 Air Dryers 8.14.6.1 General. The selection of an air dryer is based on expected job conditions of moisture in the air and the lowest temper… 8.14.6.1 General. The selection of an air dryer is based on expected job conditions of moisture in the air and the lowest temper… 8.14.6.2 Condensing Dryers. Moisture in compressed air is removed either by an increase in pressure, a decrease in temperature, … 8.14.6.2 Condensing Dryers. Moisture in compressed air is removed either by an increase in pressure, a decrease in temperature, … 8.14.6.3 Refrigerated Air Dryers. The refrigerated air dryer is the most common means of removing vapor that may condense from t… 8.14.6.3 Refrigerated Air Dryers. The refrigerated air dryer is the most common means of removing vapor that may condense from t… |
| 68 | 8.14.6.4 Desiccant Dryers. There may be some applications in northern climates where the dew point of a refrigerated dryer is in… 8.14.6.4 Desiccant Dryers. There may be some applications in northern climates where the dew point of a refrigerated dryer is in… 8.14.7 Filters. A central station filter filters out solid particulate matter and aerosols so the air-using control devices can … 8.14.7 Filters. A central station filter filters out solid particulate matter and aerosols so the air-using control devices can … 8.14.8 Pressure-Reducing Valves (PRV). A pressure- reducing valve is required to reduce the compressed air pressure to that used… 8.14.8 Pressure-Reducing Valves (PRV). A pressure- reducing valve is required to reduce the compressed air pressure to that used… |
| 69 | 8.14.9 Relief Valves. The relief valve on the compressor receiver tank relieves air at a pressure lower than the rated pressure of the tank and is normally specified to be supplied with the air compressor assembly. 8.14.9 Relief Valves. The relief valve on the compressor receiver tank relieves air at a pressure lower than the rated pressure of the tank and is normally specified to be supplied with the air compressor assembly. 8.14.10 Condensate Drains. Accumulated condensate (water/oil) within the air supply must be discharged to maintain continuous clean and dry air to the system. Condensate is discharged either manually or automatically as it accumulates. 8.14.10 Condensate Drains. Accumulated condensate (water/oil) within the air supply must be discharged to maintain continuous clean and dry air to the system. Condensate is discharged either manually or automatically as it accumulates. 8.14.11 Tubing. While local codes and practices vary, the use of either hard copper or polyethylene tubing is generally acceptab… 8.14.11 Tubing. While local codes and practices vary, the use of either hard copper or polyethylene tubing is generally acceptab… 9. Specification Part 3: Execution 9. Specification Part 3: Execution |
| 70 | 9.1 Examination. The contractor is not responsible for the resolution of project problems due to discrepancies, conflicts, or om… 9.1 Examination. The contractor is not responsible for the resolution of project problems due to discrepancies, conflicts, or om… 9.2 Protection. The “protection” section reinforces the need for the contractor to turn over a system to the owner that is in ne… 9.2 Protection. The “protection” section reinforces the need for the contractor to turn over a system to the owner that is in ne… |
| 71 | 9.3 Coordination. This section summarizes the responsibilities of the different subcontractors who provide any service or interface to the controls subcontractor during the course of installation and checkout. These traditional responsibilities include: 9.3 Coordination. This section summarizes the responsibilities of the different subcontractors who provide any service or interface to the controls subcontractor during the course of installation and checkout. These traditional responsibilities include: |
| 72 | 9.4 General Workmanship. This section delineates the minimum acceptable standards for the installation of the DDC system. This r… 9.4 General Workmanship. This section delineates the minimum acceptable standards for the installation of the DDC system. This r… 9.5 Field Quality Control. It has been customary to include the requirement that all aspects of an installation be monitored for… 9.5 Field Quality Control. It has been customary to include the requirement that all aspects of an installation be monitored for… |
| 73 | 9.6 Existing Equipment. This section is only applicable to those projects involving renovations to existing facilities. In speci… 9.6 Existing Equipment. This section is only applicable to those projects involving renovations to existing facilities. In speci… |
| 74 | 9.7 Wiring 9.7 Wiring 9.7.1 General. Division 16 of the specification should be the primary guide for wiring and installation of wiring for the projec… 9.7.1 General. Division 16 of the specification should be the primary guide for wiring and installation of wiring for the projec… 9.7.2 Need for Raceway. Raceway provides mechanical protection of control system wiring. It also enhances the aesthetic quality … 9.7.2 Need for Raceway. Raceway provides mechanical protection of control system wiring. It also enhances the aesthetic quality … 9.7.3 Wire Termination. To maintain the reliability of system performance, good quality connections are required. Terminal block… 9.7.3 Wire Termination. To maintain the reliability of system performance, good quality connections are required. Terminal block… |
| 75 | 9.7.4 Use of Shielded Wire. Shielded wire is used to limit the induction of noise onto the system’s conductors. Some manufacture… 9.7.4 Use of Shielded Wire. Shielded wire is used to limit the induction of noise onto the system’s conductors. Some manufacture… 9.7.5 Power Quality. Electromagnetic noise in the power system, excessively high voltage, abnormally low voltage, and fluctuatin… 9.7.5 Power Quality. Electromagnetic noise in the power system, excessively high voltage, abnormally low voltage, and fluctuatin… |
| 76 | 9.8 Communication Wiring. Communication wiring standards differ by manufacturer. Different manufacturers have their own topology… 9.8 Communication Wiring. Communication wiring standards differ by manufacturer. Different manufacturers have their own topology… |
| 77 | 9.9 Fiber Optic Cable System. Fiber optic cabling requires special installation practices beyond what is specified here. The eng… 9.9 Fiber Optic Cable System. Fiber optic cabling requires special installation practices beyond what is specified here. The eng… 9.10 Control Air Tubing 9.10 Control Air Tubing 9.10.1 General. Include this section only if there will be pneumatic components on this project. 9.10.1 General. Include this section only if there will be pneumatic components on this project. 9.10.2 Main Air Tubing. Main air tubing must be sized by the contractor, based upon the air consumption of the system and the length of the run, to provide adequate pressure at all points. 9.10.2 Main Air Tubing. Main air tubing must be sized by the contractor, based upon the air consumption of the system and the length of the run, to provide adequate pressure at all points. 9.10.3 Sensor Tubing. Sensor tubing must be sized by the contractor. This can be critical because sensor tubing that is improper… 9.10.3 Sensor Tubing. Sensor tubing must be sized by the contractor. This can be critical because sensor tubing that is improper… |
| 78 | 9.11 Installation of Sensors. The sensor installation can have a direct and harmful effect on sensor accuracy. Care must be taken to ensure that the sensor is installed as recommended by the manufacturer for the application. 9.11 Installation of Sensors. The sensor installation can have a direct and harmful effect on sensor accuracy. Care must be taken to ensure that the sensor is installed as recommended by the manufacturer for the application. |
| 79 | 9.12 Flow Switch Installation 9.12 Flow Switch Installation 9.12.1 Airflow. Care must be taken to install the switch properly with the direction of flow. Flow switches work best when insta… 9.12.1 Airflow. Care must be taken to install the switch properly with the direction of flow. Flow switches work best when insta… 9.12.2 Hydronic Flow. A fitting (generally, 1 in. NPT) is provided in the pipe by the mechanical subcontractor. This occurs in t… 9.12.2 Hydronic Flow. A fitting (generally, 1 in. NPT) is provided in the pipe by the mechanical subcontractor. This occurs in t… 9.13 Actuators. Actuators must be installed with enough clearance to allow for removal and servicing. When actuators are mounted… 9.13 Actuators. Actuators must be installed with enough clearance to allow for removal and servicing. When actuators are mounted… |
| 80 | 9.14 Warning Labels. Mechanical equipment (fans, pumps, chillers, boilers, compressors, etc.) operates under automatic remote co… 9.14 Warning Labels. Mechanical equipment (fans, pumps, chillers, boilers, compressors, etc.) operates under automatic remote co… 9.15 Identification of Hardware and Wiring. Identification of hardware provides owners and operators of a system with an efficie… 9.15 Identification of Hardware and Wiring. Identification of hardware provides owners and operators of a system with an efficie… |
| 81 | 9.16 Controllers 9.16 Controllers 9.16.1 General. This section of the specification describes the requirements for installing and loading controllers, as well as … 9.16.1 General. This section of the specification describes the requirements for installing and loading controllers, as well as … 9.16.2 Controller Loading. It is advantageous for some users to limit the number of major systems connected to one controller (e… 9.16.2 Controller Loading. It is advantageous for some users to limit the number of major systems connected to one controller (e… |
| 82 | 9.17 Programming 9.17 Programming 9.17.1 Project-Specific Programming. Regardless of the manufacturer of the system, the contractor must customize the DDC equipme… 9.17.1 Project-Specific Programming. Regardless of the manufacturer of the system, the contractor must customize the DDC equipme… 9.17.1.1 Text-Based Programming. This form is usually based on a high-level programming language, such as BASIC, C, or Pascal, a… 9.17.1.1 Text-Based Programming. This form is usually based on a high-level programming language, such as BASIC, C, or Pascal, a… |
| 83 | 9.17.1.2 Guideline for Programming Style for Text- Based Systems. The point name (mnemonic or descriptor) is to be used in progr… 9.17.1.2 Guideline for Programming Style for Text- Based Systems. The point name (mnemonic or descriptor) is to be used in progr… 9.17.1.3 Graphic-Based Programming. Graphic- based programming was developed in order to eliminate the need for system users and… 9.17.1.3 Graphic-Based Programming. Graphic- based programming was developed in order to eliminate the need for system users and… |
| 84 | 9.17.1.4 Menu-Driven Programming. This style of system configuration requires the installer/ programmer to enter parameters, def… 9.17.1.4 Menu-Driven Programming. This style of system configuration requires the installer/ programmer to enter parameters, def… 9.17.2 Point Naming. The ability of any text-based or graphic-based program to control devices is dependent on its ability to re… 9.17.2 Point Naming. The ability of any text-based or graphic-based program to control devices is dependent on its ability to re… 9.17.3 Other Programming and Database Setup. This article is the proper location to specify the appearance, makeup, and navigati… 9.17.3 Other Programming and Database Setup. This article is the proper location to specify the appearance, makeup, and navigati… |
| 85 | 9.18 Control System Checkout and Testing. Control system checkout and testing must be performed by the controls subcontractor pr… 9.18 Control System Checkout and Testing. Control system checkout and testing must be performed by the controls subcontractor pr… |
| 86 | 9.19 Control System Demonstration and Acceptance. It is important to demonstrate to the owner that the system and its components… 9.19 Control System Demonstration and Acceptance. It is important to demonstrate to the owner that the system and its components… |
| 87 | 9.20 Cleaning. This section describes special instructions for the controls subcontractor for cleanup and disposal of materials…. 9.20 Cleaning. This section describes special instructions for the controls subcontractor for cleanup and disposal of materials…. |
| 88 | 9.21 Training. Training requirements for the DDC system are different for each owner and will vary based on the experience and b… 9.21 Training. Training requirements for the DDC system are different for each owner and will vary based on the experience and b… |
| 89 | 9.22 Sequences of Operation. This is the most important part of the design. This section of the specification is where the seque… 9.22 Sequences of Operation. This is the most important part of the design. This section of the specification is where the seque… |
| 90 | 10. Instructions to Other Contractors 10. Instructions to Other Contractors 10.1 Control Valve Installation. A valve can be properly selected and sized and still be a failure if it is not properly install… 10.1 Control Valve Installation. A valve can be properly selected and sized and still be a failure if it is not properly install… |
| 91 | 10.2 Hydronic Pressure Sensor Installation. The mechanical subcontractor typically provides fittings and valves for pressure transducers. The controls subcontractor must provide locations for these devices. 10.2 Hydronic Pressure Sensor Installation. The mechanical subcontractor typically provides fittings and valves for pressure transducers. The controls subcontractor must provide locations for these devices. 10.3 Control Damper Installation. The control dampers are typically installed by the sheet metal subcontractor but are supplied … 10.3 Control Damper Installation. The control dampers are typically installed by the sheet metal subcontractor but are supplied … |
| 92 | 10.4 Fire/Smoke Damper Coordination. The application of smoke and combination smoke/fire dampers must be carefully considered and coordinated in order for these devices to accomplish their intended functions. Two major applications are: 10.4 Fire/Smoke Damper Coordination. The application of smoke and combination smoke/fire dampers must be carefully considered and coordinated in order for these devices to accomplish their intended functions. Two major applications are: |
| 93 | 10.5 Duct Smoke Detection. Duct smoke detectors are required by most codes on air-handling equipment with capacities over 2000 c… 10.5 Duct Smoke Detection. Duct smoke detectors are required by most codes on air-handling equipment with capacities over 2000 c… 10.6 Taps and Wells. Pressure and temperature taps are an important aspect of the ability to commission and maintain a control s… 10.6 Taps and Wells. Pressure and temperature taps are an important aspect of the ability to commission and maintain a control s… |
| 94 | 10.7 Application Specific Controllers for Equipment Specified Under Other Sections. Packaged systems that are specified elsewher… 10.7 Application Specific Controllers for Equipment Specified Under Other Sections. Packaged systems that are specified elsewher… |
| 95 | 11. Valves and Dampers 11. Valves and Dampers 11.1 General. This introduces basic concepts in the design of a control system in considering the mechanical equipment doing the… 11.1 General. This introduces basic concepts in the design of a control system in considering the mechanical equipment doing the… 11.2 Control Valves. Proper valve selection matches a valve to the requirements of the application. First consider the applicati… 11.2 Control Valves. Proper valve selection matches a valve to the requirements of the application. First consider the applicati… 11.3 Dampers 11.3 Dampers 11.3.1 General. Dampers regulate the flow of air either by modulating or by two-position control. In theory, the application of … 11.3.1 General. Dampers regulate the flow of air either by modulating or by two-position control. In theory, the application of … 11.3.2 Damper Characteristics. The relationship between the damper blade position and the airflow through the damper is known as… 11.3.2 Damper Characteristics. The relationship between the damper blade position and the airflow through the damper is known as… |
| 96 | 12. References 12. References |
| 97 | Annex A- Sample Specification Outline Annex A- Sample Specification Outline Annex B- BACnet Annex B- BACnet |
| 98 | Annex C- Interoperability Case Studies Annex C- Interoperability Case Studies |
| 102 | Informative Annex D-Addenda Description Information Informative Annex D-Addenda Description Information |
| 103 | Index Index |
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