BS 594987:2007
$198.66
Asphalt for roads and other paved areas – Specification for transport, laying and compaction and type testing protocols.
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2007 | 56 |
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 3 | Contents 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 3 4 Transport, delivery and discharge 3 5 Preparatory works at the laying site 4 6 Laying 9 7 Chipping of hot rolled asphalt 16 8 Texture depth 17 9 Compaction 18 10 Opening to traffic 25 Annexes Annex A (informative) Recommended delivery and rolling temperatures for recipe asphalt concrete, HRA and SMA to BS EN 13108 26 Annex B (informative) Approximate rates of spread of asphalt 27 Bibliography 47 List of figures Figure C.1 – Spacing of cores 30 Figure E.1 – Spacing of cores 34 |
| 4 | List of tables Table 1 – Recommended target rates of application of tack coat in kg/m2 of residual bitumen for newly laid asphalt – New construction 8 Table 2 – Recommended target rates of application of tack coat in kg/m2 of residual bitumen for existing surfaces – Maintenance 8 Table 3 – Recommended target rates of application of bond coat in kg/m2 of residual binder for newly laid asphalt – New construction 8 Table 4 – Recommended target rates of application of bond coat in kg/m2 of residual binder for existing surfaces – Maintenance 8 Table 5 – Recommended target rates of application of bond coat in kg/m2 of residual binder for improving the relative impermeability of the surface of a lower layer/existing surface 8 Table 6A – Nominal and minimum compacted layer thicknesses for asphalt concrete mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-1 (see PD 6691:2007, Annex B) 12 Table 6B – Nominal and minimum compacted layer thicknesses for HRA mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-4 (see PD 6691:2007, Annex C) 13 Table 6C – Nominal and minimum compacted layer thicknesses for SMA surface course mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-5 (see PD 6691:2007, Annex D) 13 Table 6D – Nominal and minimum compacted layer thicknesses for other SMA mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-5 (see PD 6691:2007, Annex D) 13 Table 7 – Accuracy of finish 14 Table 8 – Minimum rolling temperature for HRA mixtures 16 Table 9 – Minimum rolling temperatures for designed asphalt concrete dense, heavy duty and high modulus binder course and base (including EME2) 20 Table A.1 – Minimum delivery and rolling temperatures for recipe asphalt concrete, HRA and SMA mixtures 26 Table B.1 – Approximate rate of spread 27 Table H.1 – Tests on material 41 Table H.2 – Aggregate proportions for mix design 42 Table H.3 – Binder proportions required for mix-design procedure 43 Table H.4 – Mass of aggregate and suggested binder contents for trial mixes 43 Table H.5 – Factors for the calculation of design binder content 44 |
| 5 | Foreword |
| 7 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 9 | 3 Terms and definitions 4 Transport, delivery and discharge 4.1 Transport |
| 10 | 4.2 Delivery to the laying site 5 Preparatory works at the laying site 5.1 General 5.2 Surface level tolerances a) sub-base to receive base: -30+10mm; b) base to receive surface course: ± 8 mm; c) base to receive binder course: ± 15 mm; d) binder course to receive surface course on roads: ± 6 mm; e) binder course to receive surface course on areas other than roads, e.g. car parks, playgrounds: ± 10 mm. |
| 11 | 5.3 Resurfacing 5.3.1 General a) 25 mm when the resurfacing is to consist of two course work; or b) 13 mm when the resurfacing is to be a single surface course. 5.3.2 Overlaying existing concrete 5.3.3 Overlaying existing sett paving a) All loose and weak areas of sett paving shall be removed and replaced with an equivalent thickness of either binder course or cement concrete. b) Excessive bitumen or pitch used to grout the sett joints shall be removed. c) To ensure the best possible key, all joints shall be cleaned of foreign matter to a depth of at least 15 mm. d) Bitumen emulsion conforming to Class C40B as specified in the National Foreword to BS EN 13808:2005 shall be applied at a uniform rate. |
| 12 | 5.4 Adjustment or regulation of levels 5.5 Tack coats and bond coats 5.5.1 General 5.5.1.1 Tack coats 5.5.1.2 Bond coats |
| 13 | 5.5.2 Application |
| 14 | Table 1 Recommended target rates of application of tack coat in kg/m2 of residual bitumen for newly laid asphalt – New construction Table 2 Recommended target rates of application of tack coat in kg/m2 of residual bitumen for existing surfaces – Maintenance Table 3 Recommended target rates of application of bond coat in kg/m2 of residual binder for newly laid asphalt – New construction Table 4 Recommended target rates of application of bond coat in kg/m2 of residual binder for existing surfaces – Maintenance Table 5 Recommended target rates of application of bond coat in kg/m2 of residual binder for improving the relative impermeability of the surface of a lower layer/existing surface |
| 15 | 6 Laying 6.1 General 6.2 Laying in adverse conditions |
| 16 | 6.3 Machine laying |
| 17 | 6.4 Hand laying 6.5 Sampling during laying 6.6 Thickness |
| 18 | Table 6A Nominal and minimum compacted layer thicknesses for asphalt concrete mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-1 (see PD 6691:2007, Annex B) |
| 19 | Table 6B Nominal and minimum compacted layer thicknesses for HRA mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-4 (see PD 6691:2007, Annex C) Table 6C Nominal and minimum compacted layer thicknesses for SMA surface course mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-5 (see PD 6691:2007, Annex D) Table 6D Nominal and minimum compacted layer thicknesses for other SMA mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-5 (see PD 6691:2007, Annex D) |
| 20 | 6.7 Surface regularity, contour and falls Table 7 Accuracy of finish |
| 21 | 6.8 Joints 6.8.1 Surface course joints a) all transverse joints; b) joints where the asphalt abuts an existing surface; c) all longitudinal joints in mixtures containing paving grade bitumen or polymer-modified binder. 6.8.2 Joints in other courses a) as in 6.8.1 for transverse joints; b) two or more pavers operated in echelon where this is practicable and in sufficient proximity for adjacent widths to be fully compacted by continuous rolling. 6.8.3 General 6.9 Access chamber covers and projections |
| 22 | 7 Chipping of hot rolled asphalt 7.1 General 7.2 Rate of spread of coated chippings a) at least 70% of that needed to give shoulder-to-shoulder cover; or b) at least 60% of shoulder-to-shoulder cover where there is evidence that the required texture depth can be consistently achieved. 7.3 Method of applying the coated chippings Table 8 Minimum rolling temperature for HRA mixtures |
| 23 | 8 Texture depth 8.1 General 8.2 Measurement of surface texture a) On areas subjected to high turning stresses, such as on the circulating areas of roundabouts, the high levels of texture dept… b) On roundabouts where vehicles are capable of maintaining relatively high speeds (e.g. large rural motorway/trunk-road roundab… |
| 24 | 9 Compaction 9.1 General a) general requirements for compaction of machine-laid asphalt (see 9.2), b) general requirements for compaction of hand-laid asphalt (see 9.3), c) control requirements for end result compaction of design mix asphalt concretes (see 9.5.1), d) control requirements for compaction of performance-related HRA mixtures (see 9.5.2), e) control requirements for compaction of SMA (see 9.5.3). 9.2 General requirements for compaction of machine-laid asphalt 9.2.1 Personnel |
| 25 | 9.2.2 Rollers a) dead weight rollers with smooth steel wheels, a rear roll-width of not less than 450 mm and a weight of not less than 6 t; or b) vibratory rollers of at least equivalent compactive capability as a) (see Note 1); c) pneumatic tyred rollers of at least equivalent compactive capability as a) (see Note 1). a) at least one operational roller at all times; b) a second roller when the daily tonnage exceeds either: c) a third roller when the daily tonnage exceeds either: |
| 26 | Table 9 Minimum rolling temperatures for designed asphalt concrete dense, heavy duty and high modulus binder course and base (including EME2) 9.3 General requirements for compaction of asphalt in hand laid and patching work a) on footpaths and similar areas, either static rollers of 2.5 t deadweight or vibrating rollers of a minimum dead weight of 75… b) in trenches and other extremely restricted areas, vibrating plate compactors. |
| 27 | 9.4 Sampling and testing for assessment of compacted asphalt 9.4.1 Coring 9.4.1.1 General 9.4.1.2 Reinstatement of core holes 9.4.2 Use of indirect density gauges |
| 28 | 9.5 Compaction control 9.5.1 End result compaction control requirements for designed dense base and binder AC mixtures including EME2 9.5.1.1 General 9.5.1.2 Air void content 9.5.1.3 Core location and density determination |
| 29 | 9.5.2 Compaction control requirements for performance-related HRA surface course 9.5.2.1 General 9.5.2.2 Sampling from the laid material 9.5.2.3 Bulk density 9.5.2.4 Air void content 9.5.2.5 Wheel tracking |
| 30 | 9.5.2.6 Conformity criteria 9.5.3 Compaction control requirements for SMA binder course 9.5.3.1 General 9.5.3.2 Sampling from the laid material 9.5.3.3 Bulk density 9.5.3.4 Air void content |
| 31 | 9.5.3.5 Wheel tracking 9.5.3.6 Conformity criteria 10 Opening to traffic |
| 32 | Annex A (informative) Recommended delivery and rolling temperatures for recipe asphalt concrete, HRA and SMA to BS EN 13108 |
| 33 | Annex B (informative) Approximate rates of spread of asphalt |
| 34 | Annex C (informative) Protocol for determining void content of dense base and binder AC mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-1 from trial strips for the purposes of type testing to BS EN 13108-20 C.1 Trial strip a) with a mix composition as close as possible to target composition, as defined in C.5; b) with a nominal thickness in accordance with Table 6A; c) with a mat width 3.0 to 4.5 m; d) on a trial strip length 30 to 60 m; e) on a bound substrate; f) in accordance with Clause 9. C.2 Sampling and testing of loose mixture C.3 Core sampling and testing of cores a) one on the centre line of the mat; and b) the other two centred 0.4 to 0.6m from the edges of the mat, |
| 35 | C.4 Calculations C.5 Verification of target composition |
| 36 | C.6 Reporting Annex D (informative) Protocol for determining resistance to permanent deformation of binder course and base asphalt mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-1 (asphalt concrete) from trial strips for the purposes of type testing conforming to BS EN 13108-20 D.1 Trial strip a) with a mix composition as close as possible to target composition, as defined in D.5; b) with a nominal thickness in accordance with Table 6A; c) with a mat width 3.0 to 4.5 m; d) on a trial strip length 30 to 60 m; e) on a bound substrate; f) in accordance with Clause 9. |
| 37 | D.2 Sampling and testing of loose mixture D.3 Core sampling and testing of cores a) 200 mm where the wheel tracker test method is employed; or b) 150 mm where the uniaxial cyclic compression test method is employed; a) in accordance with BS EN 12697-22, using the method specified in BS EN 13108-20:2006 at the appropriate temperature (45 ˚C or 60 ˚C) for wheel tracking small device procedure B; or b) in accordance with BS EN 12697-25:2005, procedure A, using the method specified in BS EN 13108-20 for cyclic compression. D.4 Calculations D.5 Verification of target composition D.6 Reporting |
| 38 | Annex E (informative) Protocol for determining void content and stiffness of EME 2 base and binder AC mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-1 from trial strips for the purposes of type testing conforming to BS EN 13108-20 E.1 Trial strip a) with a mix composition as close as possible to target composition, as defined in E.5; b) with a mixture richness modulus of no less than 3.4; c) with a nominal thickness in accordance with Table 6A; d) with a mat width 3.0 to 4.5 m; e) on a trial strip length 30 to 60 m; f) on a bound substrate; g) in accordance with Clause 9. E.2 Sampling and testing of loose mixture E.3 Core sampling and testing of cores a) one on the centre line of the mat; and b) the other two centred 0.4 to 0.6 m from the edges of the mat; |
| 39 | E.4 Calculations |
| 40 | E.5 Verification of target composition E.6 Reporting |
| 41 | Annex F (informative) Protocol for determining void content, binder volume and resistance to permanent deformation of performanc… F.1 Trial strip a) with a mix composition as close as possible to target composition, as defined in F.5; b) with a nominal thickness of 50 mm; c) with a mat width 3.0 to 4.5 m; d) on a trial strip length 30 to 60 m; e) from a minimum of 20 tonnes of laid asphalt on a bound substrate and chipped in accordance with Clause 7; f) which, when laid, leaves sufficient compacted area or areas unchipped to enable the taking of six 150 mm diameter cores. F.2 Sampling and testing of loose mixture F.3 Core sampling and testing of cores F.3.1 General |
| 42 | F.3.2 Unchipped areas F.3.3 Chipped areas a) one on the centre line of the mat; and b) the other two centred 0.4 m to 0.6 m from the edges of the mat; F.4 Calculations |
| 43 | F.5 Verification of target composition F.6 Reporting |
| 44 | Annex G (informative) Protocol for determining void content and resistance to permanent deformation of SMA binder course and regulating courses to BS EN 13108-5 from trial strips for the purposes of type testing to BS EN 13108-20 G.1 Trial strip a) with a mix composition as close as possible to target composition, as defined in G.6; b) with a nominal thickness of not less than 60 mm; c) with a mat width 3.0 to 4.5 m; d) on a trial strip length 30 to 60 m; e) on a bound substrate; f) in accordance with Clause 9. G.2 Sampling and testing of loose material G.3 Core sampling and testing of cores |
| 45 | a) in accordance with BS EN 12697-22, using the method specified in BS EN 13108-20:2006 at the appropriate temperature (45 ˚C or 60 ˚C) for wheel tracking small device procedure B; or b) in accordance with BS EN 12697-25:2005, procedure A, using the method specified in BS EN 13108-20 for cyclic compression. a) one on the centre line of the mat, and b) the other two centred 0.4 to 0.6 m from the edges of the mat. G.4 Calculations G.5 Verification of target composition G.6 Reporting |
| 47 | Annex H (informative) Protocol for determining the design binder content of designed HRA surface course mixtures to BS EN 13108-4 H.1 Sampling H.2 Specimen preparation Table H.1 Tests on material |
| 48 | Table H.2 Aggregate proportions for mix design |
| 49 | Table H.3 Binder proportions required for mix-design procedure Table H.4 Mass of aggregate and suggested binder contents for trial mixes |
| 50 | a) maximum stability; b) maximum mixture density; c) maximum aggregate density. Table H.5 Factors for the calculation of design binder content a) target composition of the mixture; b) proportion of coarse, fine and filler aggregates; c) overall grading of combined aggregate; d) binder type, penetration and softening point; e) binder content for maximum stability; f) binder content for maximum mixture density; g) binder content for maximum compacted aggregate density; h) design binder content. |
| 52 | Annex I (normative) Protocol for calibrating and operating indirect density gauges I.1 Gauge operation I.2 Initial calibration I.3 Consistency of calibration |
| 53 | Bibliography [1] HIGHWAYS AGENCY Specification for Highway Works, London: The Stationery Office [2] DAINES, M.E. Cooling of bituminous layers and time available for their compaction. Crowthorne: Transport Research Laboratory, 1985 Transport and Road Research Laboratory Research Report 42) |
| 54 | [3] TRANSPORT RESEARCH LABORATORY. Nuclear gauges for measuring density of dense roadbase macadam: report of a working party. Crowthorne: Transport Research Laboratory, 1982 Transport and Road Research Laboratory Supplementary Report 7542) |
