BS EN 62682:2015
$215.11
Management of alarms systems for the process industries
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2015 | 82 |
1.1 General applicability
This International Standard specifies general principles and processes for the lifecycle management of alarm systems based on programmable electronic controller and computer-based human-machine interface ( HMI ) technology for facilities in the process industries. It covers all alarms presented to the operator, which includes alarms from basic process control systems, annunciator panels, safety instrumented systems, fire and gas systems, and emergency response systems.
The practices in this standard are applicable to continuous, batch, and discrete processes. There can be differences in implementation to meet the specific needs based on process type.
In jurisdictions where the governing authorities (e.g., national, federal, state, province, county, city) have established process safety design, process safety management, or other requirements, in addition to the requirements of this standard, these should be taken into consideration.
The primary function within the alarm system is to notify operators of abnormal process conditions or equipment malfunctions and support the response. The alarm systems can include both the basic process control system (BPCS) and the safety instrumented system (SIS), each of which uses measurements of process conditions and logic to generate alarms. Figure 1 illustrates the concepts of alarm and response dataflow through the alarm system. The alarm system also includes a mechanism for commu nicating the alarm information to the operator via an HMI , usually a computer screen or an annunciator panel. Additional functions of the alarm system are an alarm and event log, an alarm historian, and the generation of performance metrics for the alarm system. There are external systems that can use the data from the alarm system.
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1.2 Exclusions and inclusions
1.2.1 Operators
The functions of the operator receiving and responding to alarms are included in the scope of this standard. Management of operators is excluded from the scope of this standard.
1.2.2 Process sensors and final control elements
The alarms from sensors and final control elements are included in the scope of this standard. Process sensors and final control elements are shown in Figure 1 to indicate alarms can be implemented in these devices. The design and management of process sensors and final control elements are excluded from the scope of this standard.
1.2.3 Safety instrumented systems
The alarms from safety instrumented systems are included in the scope of this standard. The safety instrumented system (SIS) is shown in Figure 1 to indicate alarms can be implemented in these devices. The design and management of safety instrumented systems are excluded from this standard. Refer to IEC 61511 .
The alarms and diagnostics from fire detection and protective systems or security systems that are presented to the operator through the control system are included in the scope of this standard. Fire detection and protective systems and security systems are excluded from the scope of this standard.
1.2.4 Event data
The indication and processing of analog, discrete, and event data other than alarm indications are excluded from the scope of this standard. The analysis techniques using both alarm and event data are excluded from the scope of this standard.
1.2.5 Alarm identification methods
Required methods of alarm identification are not specified in this standard. Examples of alarm identification methods are listed.
1.2.6 Management of change
A specific management of change procedure is not included in this standard. Some requirements and recommendations for a management of change procedure are included.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 5 | English CONTENTS |
| 12 | INTRODUCTION |
| 13 | 1 Scope 1.1 General applicability |
| 14 | 1.2 Exclusions and inclusions 1.2.1 Operators 1.2.2 Process sensors and final control elements 1.2.3 Safety instrumented systems 1.2.4 Event data Figures Figure 1 – Alarm system dataflow |
| 15 | 1.2.5 Alarm identification methods 1.2.6 Management of change 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions |
| 23 | 3.2 Abbreviations 4 Conformance to this standard 4.1 Conformance guidance |
| 24 | 4.2 Existing systems 4.3 Responsibility 5 Alarm system models 5.1 Alarm systems 5.2 Alarm management lifecycle 5.2.1 Alarm management lifecycle model |
| 25 | 5.2.2 Alarm management lifecycle stages Figure 2 – Alarm management lifecycle |
| 28 | 5.2.3 Alarm lifecycle entry points 5.2.4 Simultaneous and encompassing stages 5.2.5 Alarm management lifecycle loops |
| 29 | 5.2.6 Alarm management lifecycle stage inputs and outputs Tables Table 1 – Alarm management lifecycle stage inputs and outputs |
| 30 | 5.3 Alarm states 5.3.1 Alarm state transition diagram Figure 3 – Alarm state transition diagram |
| 31 | 5.3.2 Alarm states |
| 32 | 5.3.3 Alarm state transition paths Table 2 – Alarm states |
| 33 | 5.4 Alarm response timeline 5.4.1 General |
| 34 | 5.4.2 Normal (A) 5.4.3 Unacknowledged (B) 5.4.4 Acknowledged (C) and response Figure 4 – Alarm response timeline |
| 35 | 5.4.5 Return-to-normal (D) 5.4.6 Consequence threshold 5.5 Feedback model of operator-process interaction 5.5.1 General |
| 36 | 5.5.2 Detect 5.5.3 Diagnose 5.5.4 Respond 5.5.5 Performance shaping factors 6 Alarm philosophy 6.1 Purpose 6.2 Alarm philosophy contents 6.2.1 General Figure 5 – Feedback model of operator-process interaction |
| 37 | 6.2.2 Purpose of alarm system Table 3 – Required and recommended alarm philosophy content |
| 38 | 6.2.3 Definitions 6.2.4 References 6.2.5 Roles and responsibilities for alarm management 6.2.6 Alarm design principles 6.2.7 Rationalization 6.2.8 Alarm class definition |
| 39 | 6.2.9 Highly managed alarms 6.2.10 HMI design principles 6.2.11 Prioritization method |
| 40 | 6.2.12 Alarm setpoint determination 6.2.13 Alarm system performance monitoring 6.2.14 Alarm system maintenance 6.2.15 Testing of the alarm system 6.2.16 Approved enhanced and advanced alarming techniques 6.2.17 Alarm documentation |
| 41 | 6.2.18 Implementation guidance 6.2.19 Management of change 6.2.20 Training 6.2.21 Alarm history preservation 6.2.22 Related site procedures |
| 42 | 6.2.23 Specific alarm design considerations 6.2.24 Alarm system audit 6.3 Alarm philosophy development and maintenance 7 Alarm system requirements specification 7.1 Purpose |
| 43 | 7.2 Recommendations 7.3 Development 7.4 Systems evaluation |
| 44 | 7.5 Customization 7.6 Alarm system requirements testing 8 Identification 8.1 Purpose 8.2 Alarm identification methods 8.3 Identification training 9 Rationalization 9.1 Purpose |
| 45 | 9.2 Rationalization documentation 9.2.1 Rationalization documentation requirements 9.2.2 Rationalization documentation recommendations 9.3 Alarm justification 9.3.1 Alarm justification process 9.3.2 Justification approach |
| 46 | 9.3.3 Individual alarm justification 9.3.4 Impact on alarm system 9.4 Alarm setpoint determination 9.5 Prioritization 9.6 Removal |
| 47 | 9.7 Classification 9.8 Review 9.9 Use of documentation 10 Detailed design: Basic alarm design 10.1 Purpose 10.2 Usage of alarm states 10.2.1 Alarm state triggering 10.2.2 Alarm states and other logic functions |
| 48 | 10.2.3 Alarm suppression and other logic functions 10.3 Alarm types 10.4 Alarm attributes 10.4.1 General |
| 49 | 10.4.2 Alarm description 10.4.3 Alarm setpoints 10.4.4 Alarm priority 10.4.5 Alarm deadbands 10.4.6 Alarm on-delay and off-delay |
| 50 | 10.5 Programmatic changes to alarm attributes 10.6 Review basic alarm design 11 Detailed design: Human-machine interface design for alarm systems 11.1 Purpose 11.2 HMI functions 11.2.1 General 11.2.2 HMI information requirements |
| 51 | 11.2.3 HMI functional requirements 11.2.4 HMI display requirements 11.2.5 Alarm records requirements 11.2.6 Alarm records recommendations 11.3 Alarm states indications 11.3.1 General |
| 52 | 11.3.2 Required alarm state indications 11.3.3 Recommended alarm state indications |
| 53 | 11.3.4 Audible alarm state indications 11.4 Alarm priority indications 11.4.1 General 11.4.2 Alarm priority indication requirements 11.4.3 Colour alarm priority indications requirements Table 4 – Recommended alarm state indications |
| 54 | 11.4.4 Recommended alarm priority indications 11.5 Alarm message indications 11.5.1 General 11.5.2 Recommended alarm message indications 11.6 Alarm displays 11.6.1 General |
| 55 | 11.6.2 Alarm summary display |
| 56 | 11.6.3 Alarm summary status 11.6.4 Alarm log displays |
| 57 | 11.6.5 Process displays 11.6.6 Tag detail displays 11.6.7 Other display elements 11.7 Alarm shelving 11.7.1 General 11.7.2 Alarm shelving functional requirements |
| 58 | 11.7.3 Alarm shelving functional recommendations 11.7.4 Shelved alarm displays 11.8 Out-of-service alarms 11.8.1 General |
| 59 | 11.8.2 Out-of-service alarm functional requirements 11.8.3 Out-of-service alarm displays 11.9 Alarms suppressed by design 11.9.1 General 11.9.2 Designed suppression functional requirements |
| 60 | 11.9.3 Design suppression functional recommendations 11.9.4 Suppressed-by-design displays 11.10 Alarm annunciator integration 11.10.1 General 11.10.2 Alarm annunciator integration recommendations |
| 61 | 11.10.3 Alarm annunciator display integration recommendations 11.11 Safety alarm HMI 11.11.1 General 11.11.2 Independent safety alarm HMI 12 Detailed design: Enhanced and advanced alarm methods 12.1 Purpose 12.2 Basis of enhanced and advanced alarming 12.2.1 General 12.2.2 Effort, manpower requirements and complexity |
| 62 | 12.3 Information linking 12.4 Logic-based alarming 12.4.1 General 12.4.2 Alarm attribute modification 12.4.3 Externally enabled systems 12.4.4 Logical alarm suppression and attribute modification 12.4.5 State-based alarming 12.5 Model-based alarming |
| 63 | 12.6 Additional alarming considerations 12.6.1 General 12.6.2 Non-control room considerations 12.6.3 Remote alarm systems 12.6.4 Supplementary alarm systems 12.6.5 Batch process considerations |
| 64 | 12.7 Training, testing, and auditing systems 12.8 Alarm attribute enforcement 13 Implementation 13.1 Purpose 13.2 Implementation planning 13.3 Implementation training 13.3.1 General 13.3.2 Implementation training |
| 65 | 13.3.3 Implementation training requirements 13.3.4 Training documentation requirements for highly managed alarms 13.3.5 Training documentation recommendations 13.3.6 Implementation training requirements for new or modified alarm systems 13.3.7 Implementation training recommendations for new or modified alarm systems 13.4 Implementation testing and validation 13.4.1 General 13.4.2 Implementation testing requirements for highly managed alarms |
| 66 | 13.4.3 Implementation testing recommendations for new or modified alarms 13.4.4 Implementation testing requirements for new or modified alarm systems 13.5 Implementation documentation 13.5.1 General 13.5.2 Documentation requirements 13.5.3 Implementation documentation recommendations |
| 67 | 14 Operation 14.1 Purpose 14.2 Alarm response procedures 14.2.1 Alarm response procedures requirements 14.2.2 Alarm response procedure recommendations 14.3 Alarm shelving 14.3.1 Alarm shelving requirements |
| 68 | 14.3.2 Alarm shelving for highly managed alarms 14.3.3 Alarm shelving recommendations 14.3.4 Alarm shelving record requirements 14.4 Refresher training for operators 14.4.1 Refresher training requirements for operators 14.4.2 Refresher training documentation for highly managed alarms 14.4.3 Refresher training content for highly managed alarms 14.4.4 Refresher training recommendations for alarms |
| 69 | 15 Maintenance 15.1 Purpose 15.2 Periodic alarm testing 15.2.1 General 15.2.2 Periodic alarm testing requirements 15.2.3 Periodic alarm testing for highly managed alarms 15.2.4 Periodic alarm test procedure requirements 15.2.5 Periodic alarm test procedure recommendations |
| 70 | 15.2.6 Periodic alarm testing recommendations 15.3 Out-of-service alarms 15.3.1 General 15.3.2 Out-of-service process requirements 15.3.3 Out-of-service highly managed alarms 15.3.4 Out-of-service process recommendations 15.3.5 Requirements for returning alarms to service 15.4 Equipment repair |
| 71 | 15.5 Equipment replacement 15.6 Refresher training for maintenance 15.6.1 General requirements 15.6.2 Refresher training requirements for highly managed alarms 15.6.3 Refresher training recommendations for alarms 16 Monitoring and assessment 16.1 Purpose 16.2 Requirements 16.3 Monitoring, assessment, audit, and benchmark |
| 72 | 16.4 Alarm system monitoring 16.5 Alarm system performance metrics 16.5.1 General 16.5.2 Average alarm rate per operator console |
| 73 | 16.5.3 Peak alarm rate per operator console 16.5.4 Alarm floods Table 5 – Average alarm rates |
| 74 | 16.5.5 Frequently occurring alarms 16.5.6 Chattering and fleeting alarms 16.5.7 Stale alarms 16.5.8 Annunciated alarm priority distribution Table 6 – Annunciated alarm priority distribution |
| 75 | 16.5.9 Alarm priority distribution 16.6 Unauthorized alarm suppression 16.7 Alarm attribute monitoring 16.8 Reporting of alarm system analyses 16.9 Alarm performance metric summary |
| 76 | 17 Management of change 17.1 Purpose 17.2 Changes subject to management of change Table 7 – Recommended alarm performance metrics summary |
| 77 | 17.3 Change documentation requirements 17.4 Change documentation recommendations 17.5 Alarm removal recommendations 17.6 Alarm attribute modification recommendations |
| 78 | 18 Audit 18.1 Purpose 18.2 Benchmark 18.2.1 General 18.2.2 Initial audit or benchmark requirements 18.3 Audit interviews 18.4 Audit recommendations |
| 79 | 18.5 Action plans |
| 80 | Bibliography |
