BS EN IEC 62271-100:2021

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High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Alternating current circuit-breakers

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BSI	2021	302

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Description

IEC 62271-100:2021 is applicable to three-phase AC circuit-breakers designed for indoor or outdoor installation and for operation at frequencies of 50 Hz and/or 60 Hz on systems having voltages above 1 000 V. This document includes only direct testing methods for making-breaking tests. For synthetic testing methods refer to IEC 62271-101. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008, Amendment 1:2012 and Amendment 2:2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below: – the document has been updated to IEC 62271-1:2017; – Amendments 1 and 2 have been included; – the definitions have been updated, terms not used have been removed; – Subclauses 7.102 through 7.108 have been restructured.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
2	undefined
5	Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
7	English CONTENTS
16	FOREWORD
18	1 Scope 2 Normative references
19	3 Terms and definitions
20	3.1 General terms and definitions
24	3.2 Assemblies 3.3 Parts of assemblies 3.4 Switching devices
26	3.5 Parts of circuit-breakers
30	3.6 Operational characteristics
32	3.7 Characteristic quantities
34	Figures Figure 1 – Typical oscillogram of a three-phase short-circuit make-break cycle
35	Figure 2 – Circuit-breaker without switching resistors – Opening and closing operations
36	Figure 3 – Circuit breaker without switching resistors – Close-open cycle
37	Figure 4 – Circuit-breaker without switching resistors – Reclosing (auto-reclosing)
38	Figure 5 – Circuit-breaker with switching resistors – Opening and closing operations
39	Figure 6 – Circuit-breaker with switching resistors – Close-open cycle
40	Figure 7 – Circuit-breaker with switching resistors – Reclosing (auto-reclosing)
48	3.8 Index of definitions
52	4 Normal and special service conditions 5 Ratings 5.1 General
53	5.2 Rated voltage (Ur) 5.3 Rated insulation level (Ud, Up, Us) 5.4 Rated frequency (fr) 5.5 Rated continuous current (Ir) 5.6 Rated short-time withstand current (Ik) 5.7 Rated peak withstand current (Ip) 5.8 Rated duration of short-circuit (tk) 5.9 Rated supply voltage of auxiliary and control circuits (Ua) 5.10 Rated supply frequency of auxiliary and control circuits 5.11 Rated pressure of compressed gas supply for controlled pressure systems
54	5.101 Rated short-circuit breaking current (Isc)
55	Figure 8 – Determination of short-circuit making and breaking currents,and of percentage DC component
56	Figure 9 – Percentage DC component in relation to the time interval fromthe initiation of the short-circuit for the different time constants
57	5.102 Rated first-pole-to-clear factor (kpp) 5.103 Rated short-circuit making current 5.104 Rated operating sequence 5.105 Rated out-of-phase making and breaking current
58	5.106 Rated capacitive currents
59	Tables Table 1 – Preferred values of rated capacitive currents
60	6 Design and construction 6.1 Requirements for liquids 6.2 Requirements for gases 6.3 Earthing
61	6.4 Auxiliary and control equipment and circuits 6.5 Dependent power operation 6.6 Stored energy operation 6.7 Independent unlatched operation (independent manual or power operation) 6.8 Manually operated actuators 6.9 Operation of releases
62	6.10 Pressure/level indication 6.10.1 Gas pressure
63	6.10.2 Liquid level 6.11 Nameplates
64	Table 2 – Nameplate information
65	6.12 Locking devices 6.13 Position indication 6.14 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures 6.15 Creepage distances for outdoor insulators 6.16 Gas and vacuum tightness 6.17 Tightness for liquid systems 6.18 Fire hazard (flammability) 6.19 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 6.20 X-ray emission 6.21 Corrosion
66	6.22 Filling levels for insulation, switching and/or operation 6.101 Requirements for simultaneity of poles during single closing and single opening operations 6.102 General requirement for operation 6.103 Pressure limits of fluids for operation
67	6.104 Vent outlets 6.105 Time quantities 6.106 Mechanical loads
68	6.107 Circuit-breaker classification Table 3 – Examples of static horizontal and vertical forces for static terminal load
69	Table 4 – Number of mechanical operations
70	7 Type tests 7.1 General 7.1.1 Basics
71	7.1.2 Information for identification of test objects 7.1.3 Information to be included in type-test reports Table 5 – Type tests
72	7.2 Dielectric tests 7.2.1 General Table 6 – Invalid tests
73	7.2.2 Ambient air conditions during tests 7.2.3 Wet test procedure 7.2.4 Arrangement of the equipment 7.2.5 Criteria to pass the test 7.2.6 Application of test voltage and test conditions 7.2.7 Tests of switchgear and controlgear of Ur ≤ 245 kV 7.2.8 Tests of switchgear and controlgear of Ur > 245 kV
74	7.2.9 Artificial pollution tests for outdoor insulators
75	7.2.10 Partial discharge tests 7.2.11 Dielectric tests on auxiliary and control circuits 7.2.12 Voltage test as a condition check Table 7 – Test requirements for voltage tests as condition checkfor metal-enclosed circuit-breakers
77	7.3 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test 7.4 Resistance measurement
78	7.5 Continuous current tests 7.5.1 Condition of the test object 7.5.2 Arrangement of the equipment 7.5.3 Test current and duration 7.5.4 Temperature measurement during the test 7.5.5 Resistance of the main circuit 7.5.6 Criteria to pass the test
79	7.6 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests 7.6.1 General 7.6.2 Arrangement of the equipment and of the test circuit 7.6.3 Test current and duration 7.6.4 Conditions of the test object after test 7.7 Verification of the protection 7.7.1 Verification of the IP coding 7.7.2 Verification of the IK coding 7.8 Tightness tests 7.9 Electromagnetic compatibility tests (EMC)
80	7.10 Additional tests on auxiliary and control circuits 7.10.1 General 7.10.2 Functional tests 7.10.3 Verification of the operational characteristics of the auxiliary contacts 7.10.4 Environmental tests 7.10.5 Dielectric test 7.11 X-radiation test procedure for vacuum interrupters 7.101 Mechanical and environmental tests
84	Table 8 – Number of operating sequences
87	Figure 10 – Example of wind velocity measurement
89	Figure 11 – Test sequence for low temperature test
90	Figure 12 – Test sequence for high temperature test
92	Figure 13 – Humidity test
93	7.102 Miscellaneous provisions for making and breaking tests
96	Figure 14 – Example of reference mechanical characteristics (idealised curve)
97	Figure 15 – Reference mechanical characteristics of Figure 14with the envelopes centred over the reference curve (+5 %, –5 %)
98	Figure 16 – Reference mechanical characteristics of Figure 14with the envelope fully displaced upward from the reference curve (+10 %, –0 %) Figure 17 – Reference mechanical characteristics of Figure 14with the envelope fully displaced downward from the reference curve (+0 %, –10 %)
100	Figure 18 – Equivalent testing set-up for unit testing of circuit-breakerswith more than one separate making and breaking units
101	Figure 19 – Earthing of test circuits for single-phase short-circuit tests,kpp = 1,5
102	Figure 20 – Earthing of test circuits for single-phase short-circuit tests,kpp = 1,3 Figure 21 – Test circuit for single-phase out-of-phase tests
103	Figure 22 – Test circuit for out-of-phase tests using two voltagesseparated by 120 electrical degrees Figure 23 – Test circuit for out-of-phase tests with one terminal of the circuit-breaker earthed (subject to agreement of the manufacturer)
104	Figure 24 – Example of prospective test TRV with four-parameter envelopewhich satisfies the conditions to be met during type test –Case of specified TRV with four-parameter reference line
105	Figure 25 – Example of prospective test TRV with two-parameter envelopewhich satisfies the conditions to be met during type test:case of specified TRV with two-parameter reference line
106	Figure 26 – Example of prospective test TRV-waves andtheir combined envelope in two-part test
111	7.103 General considerations for making and breaking tests
113	Figure 27 – Earthing of test circuits for three-phase short-circuit tests, kpp = 1,5
114	Figure 28 – Earthing of test circuits for three-phase short-circuit tests, kpp = 1,3
116	Figure 29 – Determination of power frequency recovery voltage
117	Table 9 – Standard values of ITRV – Rated voltages 100 kV and above
118	7.104 Demonstration of arcing times
119	Figure 30 – Graphical representation of the time parameters for the demonstrationof arcing times in three-phase tests of test-duty T100a
120	Figure 31 – Graphical representation of an example of the three validsymmetrical breaking operations for kpp = 1,5
121	Figure 32 – Graphical representation of the three valid symmetrical breakingoperations for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3
122	Table 10 – Last current loop parameters in three-phase testsand in single-phase tests in substitution for three-phase conditionsin relation with short-circuit test-duty T100a – Tests for 50 Hz operation
123	Table 11 – Last current loop parameters in three-phase testsand in single-phase tests in substitution for three-phase conditionsin relation with short-circuit test-duty T100a – Tests for 60 Hz operation
125	Figure 33 – Graphical representation of an example of the three valid asymmetrical breaking operations for kpp = 1,5
126	Figure 34 – Graphical representation of an example of the three valid asymmetrical breaking operations for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3
127	Table 12 – Prospective TRV parameters for single-phase tests in substitution for three-phase tests to demonstrate the breaking of the second-pole-to-clear for kpp = 1,3
128	Table 13 – Prospective TRV parameters for single-phase tests in substitution for three-phase tests to demonstrate the breaking of the third-pole-to-clear for kpp = 1,3
130	Figure 35 – Example of a graphical representation of the three valid symmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phase conditionsfor kpp = 1,5
131	Figure 36 – Example of a graphical representation of an example of the three valid symmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phase conditions for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3
133	Figure 37 – Example of a graphical representation of an example of the three valid asymmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phase conditions for kpp = 1,5
134	Figure 38 – Example of a graphical representation of an example of the three valid asymmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phasefor kpp = 1,2 and 1,3
135	Table 14 – Standard multipliers for TRV values for second and third clearing poles Table 15 – Arcing window for tests with symmetrical current
136	Figure 39 – Graphical representation of the arcing window andthe pole factor kp, determining the TRV of the individual pole,for systems with a kpp of 1,2 Figure 40 – Graphical representation of the arcing window and the pole factor kp, determining the TRV of the individual pole, for systems with a kpp of 1,3
137	7.105 Short-circuit test quantities Figure 41 – Graphical representation of the arcing window and the pole factor kp, determining the TRV of the individual pole, for systems with a kpp of 1,5
140	Figure 42 – Representation of a specified TRV by a 4-parameterreference line and a delay line
141	Figure 43 – Representation of a specified TRV by a two-parameterreference line and a delay line Figure 44 – Basic circuit for terminal fault with ITRV
142	Figure 45 – Representation of ITRV in relationship to TRV
143	Table 16 – Values of prospective TRV for class S1 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,5
145	Table 17 – Values of prospective TRV for class S1 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,3
147	Table 18 – Values of prospective TRV for class S2 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,5
149	Table 19 – Values of prospective TRV for class S2 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,3
152	Table 20 – Values of prospective TRV for circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3 – Rated voltages of 100 kV and above
154	Table 21 – Values of prospective TRV for circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,5 –Rated voltages of 100 kV to 170 kV
156	Figure 46 – Example of line transient voltage with time delay with non-linear rate of rise
157	Table 22 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase testson class S1 circuit-breakers for kpp = 2,5
158	Table 23 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase testson class S1 circuit-breakers for kpp = 2,0 Table 24 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase testson class S2 circuit-breakers for kpp = 2,5
159	Table 25 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests onclass S2 circuit-breakers for kpp = 2,0 Table 26 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests on circuit-breakersrated for kpp = 2,5 – Rated voltages of 100 kV to 170 kV
160	7.106 Short-circuit test procedure Table 27 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests on circuit-breakersrated for kpp = 2,0 – Rated voltages of 100 kV and above
162	7.107 Terminal fault tests
166	7.108 Additional short-circuit tests
167	Figure 47 – Necessity of additional single-phase tests and requirements for testing
168	Table 28 – Prospective TRV parameters for single-phase and double-earth fault tests
169	7.109 Short-line fault tests
170	Table 29 – Values of line characteristics for short-line faults
171	Figure 48 – Basic circuit arrangement for short-line fault testing and prospective TRV-circuit-type a) according to 7.109.3: Source side and line side with time delay
172	Figure 49 – Basic circuit arrangement for short-line fault testing – circuit type b1)according to 7.109.3: Source side with ITRV and line side with time delay
173	Figure 50 – Basic circuit arrangement for short-line fault testing – circuit type b2)according to 7.109.3: Source side with time delay and line side without time delay
174	Figure 51 – Example of a line side transient voltage with time delay
175	Figure 52 – Flow chart for the choice of short-line fault test circuits
177	Figure 53 – Compensation of deficiency of the source side time delayby an increase of the excursion of the line side voltage
179	Table 30 – Values of prospective TRV for the supply circuit of short-line fault tests
180	7.110 Out-of-phase making and breaking tests
181	Table 31 – Test-duties to demonstrate the out-of-phase rating
182	7.111 Capacitive current tests
184	Table 32 – Specified values of u1, t1, uc and t2
186	Table 33 – Common requirements for test-duties
193	Figure 54 – Recovery voltage for capacitive current breaking tests
195	Figure 55 – Reclassification procedure for line and cable-charging current tests
196	7.112 Requirements for making and breaking tests on class E2 circuit-breakers having a rated voltage above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV Figure 56 – Reclassification procedure for capacitor bank current tests
197	8 Routine tests 8.1 General Table 34 – Operating sequence for electrical endurance test on class E2circuit-breakers for auto-reclosing duty
198	8.2 Dielectric test on the main circuit Table 35 – Application of voltage for dielectric test on the main circuit
199	Table 36 – Test voltage for partial discharge test
200	8.3 Tests on auxiliary and control circuits 8.4 Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit 8.5 Tightness test 8.6 Design and visual checks 8.101 Mechanical operating tests
202	9 Guide to the selection of switchgear and controlgear (informative) 9.101 General
204	9.102 Selection of rated values for service conditions
206	9.103 Selection of rated values for fault conditions
210	9.104 Selection for electrical endurance in networks of rated voltage above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV 9.105 Selection for switching of capacitive loads 10 Information to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders (informative) 10.1 General 10.2 Information with enquiries and orders
211	10.3 Information to be given with tenders
213	11 Transport, storage, installation, operation instructions and maintenance 11.1 General 11.2 Conditions during transport, storage and installation 11.3 Installation
219	11.4 Operating instructions 11.5 Maintenance
220	11.101 Resistors and capacitors 12 Safety 13 Influence of the product on the environment
221	Annexes Annex A (normative)Calculation of TRVs for short-line faultsfrom rated characteristics A.1 Basic approach
223	Figure A.1 – Typical graph of line and source side TRV parameters –Line side and source side with time delay Table A.1 – Ratios of voltage-drop and source-side TRV
224	A.2 Transient voltage on line side A.3 Transient voltage on source side A.3.1 Rated voltages of 100 kV and above
226	Figure A.2 – Actual course of the source side TRVfor short-line fault L90, L75 and L60
227	Figure A.3 – Typical graph of line and source side TRV parameters –Line side and source side with time delay, source side with ITRV
228	A.3.2 Rated voltages equal and higher than 15 kV and below 100 kV A.4 Examples of calculations A.4.1 General
229	A.4.2 Test circuit with source side and line side with time delay (L90 and L75 for 245 kV, 50 kA, 50 Hz)
230	A.4.3 Circuit with source side with ITRV, line side with time delay (L90 for 245 kV, 50 kA, 50 Hz)
231	Annex B (normative)Tolerances on test quantities during type tests
232	Table B.1 – Tolerances on test quantities for type tests
240	Annex C (normative)Records and reports of type tests C.1 Information and results to be recorded C.2 Information to be included in type test reports C.2.1 General C.2.2 Apparatus tested C.2.3 Rated characteristics of circuit-breaker, including its operating devices and auxiliary equipment
241	C.2.4 Test conditions (for each series of tests) C.2.5 Short-circuit making and breaking tests C.2.6 Short-time withstand current test
242	C.2.7 No-load operation C.2.8 Out-of-phase making and breaking tests C.2.9 Capacitive current tests
243	C.2.10 Oscillographic and other records
244	Annex D (normative)Method of determination of the prospective TRV D.1 General D.2 Drawing the envelope
245	D.3 Determination of parameters
246	Figure D.1 – Representation by four parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –Case D.2 c) 1) Figure D.2 – Representation by four parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –Case D.2 c) 2)
247	Figure D.3 – Representation by four parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –Case D.2 c) 3) i) Figure D.4 – Representation by two parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –Case D.2 c) 3) ii)
248	Annex E (normative)Methods of determining prospective TRV waves E.1 General
249	Figure E.1 – Effect of depression on the peak value of the TRV
250	E.2 General summary of the recommended methods
251	E.3 Detailed consideration of the recommended methods E.3.1 Group 1 – Direct short-circuit breaking Figure E.2 – Breaking with arc-voltage present
252	Figure E.3 – TRV in case of ideal breaking Figure E.4 – Breaking with pronounced premature current-zero
253	Figure E.5 – Relationship between the values of current and TRV occurring in testand those prospective to the system
254	E.3.2 Group 2 – Power-frequency current injection Figure E.6 – Breaking with post-arc current
255	Figure E.7 – Schematic diagram of power-frequency current injection apparatus
256	Figure E.8 – Sequence of operation of power-frequency current injection apparatus
257	E.3.3 Group 3 – Capacitor current injection
258	Figure E.9 – Schematic diagram of capacitance injection apparatus
259	E.3.4 Groups 2 and 3 – Methods of calibration Figure E.10 – Sequence of operation of capacitor-injection apparatus
261	E.3.5 Group 4 – Model networks E.3.6 Group 5 – Calculation from circuit parameters E.3.7 Group 6 – No-load switching of test circuits including transformers
262	E.3.8 Group 7 – Combination of different methods E.4 Comparison of methods
263	Table E.1 – Methods for determination of prospective TRV
266	Annex F (informative)Requirements for breaking of transformer-limited faults bycircuit-breakers with rated voltage higher than 1 kV F.1 General Figure F.1 – First example of transformer-limited fault(also called transformer-fed fault)
267	F.2 Circuit-breakers with rated voltage less than 100 kV Figure F.2 – Second example of transformer-limited fault(also called transformer-secondary fault)
268	Table F.1 – Required values of prospective TRV for T30, for circuit-breakers intended to be connected to a transformer with a connection of small capacitance – Rated voltage higher than 1 kV and less than 100 kV for non-effectively earthed neutral systems
269	F.3 Circuit-breakers with rated voltage from 100 kV to 800 kV F.4 Circuit-breakers with rated voltage higher than 800 kV Table F.2 – Required values of prospective TRV for circuit-breakers with rated voltages higher than 800 kV intended to be connected to a transformer with a connection of low capacitance
270	Annex G (normative)Use of mechanical characteristics and related requirements
271	Annex H (normative)Requirements for making and breaking test proceduresfor metal-enclosed and dead tank circuit-breakers H.1 General H.2 Reduced number of making and breaking units for testing purposes
272	H.3 Tests for single pole in one enclosure H.3.1 General H.3.2 Terminal fault tests H.3.3 Capacitive current tests
273	Figure H.1 – Test configuration considered in Table H.1, Table H.2 and Table H.3 Table H.1 – Three-phase capacitive current breaking in service conditions:voltages on the source-side, load-side, and recovery voltages
274	Table H.2 – Corresponding capacitive current-breaking tests in accordancewith 7.111.7 for single-phase laboratory tests. Values of voltageson the source-side, load-side, and recovery voltages
275	H.4 Tests for three poles in one enclosure H.4.1 Terminal fault tests H.4.2 Capacitive current tests
276	Table H.3 – Capacitive current breaking in actual service conditions:maximum typical voltage values
277	Annex I (normative)Requirements for circuit-breakers with opening resistors I.1 General I.2 Switching performance to be verified I.2.1 General Figure I.1 – Typical system configuration for breakingby a circuit-breaker with opening resistors
278	I.2.2 Tests of the making and breaking unit
279	Figure I.2 – Test circuit for test-duties T60 and T100
280	Figure I.3 – Test circuit for test-duties T10, T30 and OP2
281	Table I.1 – Results of the TRV calculation for terminal faults and out-of-phase
282	Figure I.4 – Example of an underdamped TRV for T100s(b),Ur = 1 100 kV Isc = 50 kA, fr = 50 Hz
283	Figure I.5 – Example of an overdamped TRV for T10,Ur = 1 100 kV Isc = 50 kA, fr = 50 Hz
284	Figure I.6 – Example of a test circuit for short-line fault test-duty L90
285	Figure I.7 – Example of real line simulation for short-line fault test-duty L90based on Ur = 1 100 kV, Isc = 50 kA and fr = 50 Hz Table I.2 – Results of the TRV calculation for test-duty L90
287	I.2.3 Tests on the resistor switch Figure I.8 – Typical recovery voltage waveshape of capacitive current breakingon a circuit-breaker equipped with opening resistors
288	Figure I.9 – Typical recovery voltage waveshape of T10(based on Ur = 1 100 kV, Isc = 50 kA and fr = 50 Hz) on the resistorswitch of a circuit-breaker equipped with opening resistors Table I.3 – Results of the TRV calculations for test-duty T10
289	I.2.4 Tests of the resistor stack
290	I.3 Insertion time of the resistor I.4 Current carrying performance I.5 Dielectric performance I.6 Mechanical performance I.7 Requirements for the specification of opening resistors I.8 Examples of recovery voltage waveshapes I.8.1 General
291	I.8.2 Terminal faults Figure I.10 – TRV waveshapes for high short-circuit current breaking operation
292	Figure I.11 – Currents in case of high short-circuit current breaking operation
293	Figure I.12 – TRV shapes for low short-circuit current breaking operation
294	I.8.3 Line-charging current breaking Figure I.13 – Currents in case of low short-circuit current breaking operation
295	Figure I.14 – Voltage waveshapes for line-charging current breaking operation
296	Figure I.15 – Current waveshapes for line-charging current breaking operation
297	Annex J (normative)Verification of capacitive current breakingin presence of single or two-phase earth faults J.1 General J.2 Test voltage J.3 Test current
298	J.4 Test-duty J.5 Criteria to pass the tests
299	Bibliography

Additional information

Status	Withdrawn
Pages	302
Publication Date	2021-09-07
Withdrawn Date	2022-10-05
ISBN	978 0 539 00300 0
Standard Number	BS EN IEC 62271-100:2021
Title	High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Alternating current circuit-breakers
Identical National Standard Of	EN 62271-100 Ed.3.0, IEC 62271-100 Ed.3.0
Descriptors	Electrical protection equipment, Rated voltage, Electric control equipment, Electrical testing, Performance testing, Electrical equipment, Rated current, Rated power, Switchgear, High-voltage equipment, Alternating current, Type testing, Circuit-breakers
Publisher	BSI
Committee	PEL/17
ICS Codes	29.130.10 - High voltage switchgear and controlgear

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