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BSI 22/30430207 DC 2022

$76.73

BS ISO/IEC 9075-2. Information technology. Database languages. SQL – Part 2. Foundation (SQL/Foundation)

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BSI 2022 1739
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PDF Pages PDF Title
1 30430207-NC.pdf
3 ISO_IEC DIS 9075-2 ed.6 – id.76584 Enquiry PDF (en).pdf
5 Contents
20 Tables
21 Figures
22 Foreword
24 Introduction
27 1 Scope
28 2 Normative references
30 3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Definitions taken from ISO/IEC 10646
3.2 Definitions taken from ISO/IEC 14651
3.3 Definitions taken from The Unicode® Standard
31 3.4 Definitions taken from ISO 8601-1:2019
32 3.5 Definitions taken from ISO/IEC 9075-1
34 3.6 Definitions provided in this document
42 4 Concepts
4.1 Notations and conventions
4.1.1 Notations
4.1.2 Use of terms
43 4.2 Data types
4.2.1 General introduction to data types
44 4.2.2 Naming of predefined types
45 4.2.3 Host language data types
4.2.4 Data type terminology
47 4.2.5 Properties of distinct
48 4.3 Character strings
4.3.1 Introduction to character strings
4.3.2 Comparison of character strings
49 4.3.3 Operations involving character strings
4.3.3.1 Regular expression syntaxes
4.3.3.2 Operators that operate on character strings and return character strings
52 4.3.3.3 Other operators involving character strings
53 4.3.3.4 Operations involving large object character strings
54 4.3.4 Character repertoires
55 4.3.5 Character encoding forms
4.3.6 Collations
56 4.3.7 Character sets
58 4.3.8 Universal character sets
4.4 Binary strings
4.4.1 Introduction to binary strings
4.4.2 Binary string comparison
4.4.3 Operations involving binary strings
4.4.3.1 Operators that operate on binary strings and return binary strings
59 4.4.3.2 Other operators involving binary strings
4.5 Numbers
4.5.1 Introduction to numbers
60 4.5.2 Characteristics of numbers
61 4.5.3 Operations involving numbers
62 4.6 Boolean types
4.6.1 Introduction to Boolean types
63 4.6.2 Comparison and assignment of Booleans
4.6.3 Operations involving Booleans
4.6.3.1 Operations on Booleans that return Booleans
4.6.3.2 Other operators involving Booleans
4.7 Datetimes and intervals
4.7.1 Introduction to datetimes and intervals
64 4.7.2 Datetimes
66 4.7.3 Intervals
68 4.7.4 Operations involving datetimes and intervals
4.8 JSON types
4.8.1 Introduction to JSON types
69 4.8.2 Comparison and assignment of JSON values
70 4.8.3 Operations involving JSON values
4.9 User-defined types
4.9.1 Introduction to user-defined types
71 4.9.2 Distinct types
4.9.3 Structured types
4.9.3.1 Introduction to structured types
4.9.3.2 Observer functions and mutator functions
4.9.3.3 Constructors
72 4.9.3.4 Subtypes and supertypes
73 4.9.4 Methods
74 4.9.5 User-defined type comparison and assignment
75 4.9.6 Transforms for user-defined types
4.9.7 User-defined type descriptor
77 4.10 Row types
4.11 Reference types
4.11.1 Introduction to reference types
78 4.11.2 Operations involving references
4.12 Collection types
4.12.1 Introduction to collection types
79 4.12.2 Arrays
4.12.3 Multisets
4.12.4 Collection comparison and assignment
80 4.12.5 Operations involving arrays
4.12.5.1 Operators that operate on array values and return array elements
4.12.5.2 Operators that operate on array values and return array values
4.12.5.3 Operators that operate on array values and return numbers
4.12.6 Operations involving multisets
4.12.6.1 Operators that operate on multisets and return multiset elements
4.12.6.2 Operators that operate on multisets and return multisets
81 4.12.6.3 Operators that operate on multiset values and return numbers
4.13 Data conversions
82 4.14 Domains
4.15 Columns, fields, and attributes
84 4.16 Periods
4.16.1 Introduction to periods
85 4.16.2 Operations involving periods
4.17 Tables
4.17.1 Introduction to tables
4.17.2 Base tables
4.17.2.1 Introduction to base tables
86 4.17.2.2 Regular persistent base tables
4.17.2.3 System-versioned tables
4.17.2.4 Temporary tables
87 4.17.3 Derived tables
88 4.17.4 Transient tables
4.17.5 Unique identification of tables
4.17.6 Table updatability
89 4.17.7 Table descriptors
90 4.17.8 Syntactic analysis of derived tables and cursors
92 4.17.9 Referenceable tables, subtables, and supertables
93 4.17.10 Operations involving tables
96 4.17.11 Range variables
97 4.17.12 Identity columns
4.17.13 Base columns and generated columns
4.17.14 Grouped tables
98 4.17.15 Windowed tables
99 4.18 Data analysis operations (involving tables)
4.18.1 Introduction to data analysis operations
4.18.2 Group functions
100 4.18.3 Window functions
102 4.18.4 Aggregate functions
104 4.18.5 Row pattern measures
105 4.19 Row pattern matching
4.19.1 Introduction to row pattern matching
4.19.2 Matching rows with a pattern
106 4.19.3 Row pattern matching illustrated
110 4.19.4 Row pattern partitioning
4.19.5 Row ordering
4.19.6 Row pattern measure columns
4.19.7 Number of rows per match
111 4.19.8 Skipping rows after matching
4.20 Row patterns
112 4.21 Unions of row pattern variables
4.22 Defining Boolean conditions
113 4.23 Scalar expressions in row pattern matching
4.23.1 Introduction to scalars in row pattern matching
4.23.2 Running vs. final semantics
114 4.23.3 Row pattern navigation operations
4.23.4 Row pattern classifier function
4.23.5 Row pattern match number function
4.24 Determinism
115 4.25 Integrity constraints
4.25.1 Overview of integrity constraints
4.25.2 Checking of constraints
116 4.25.3 Table constraints
4.25.3.1 Introduction to table constraints
4.25.3.2 Unique constraints
117 4.25.3.3 Referential constraints
120 4.25.3.4 Table check constraints
4.25.4 Domain constraints
4.25.5 Assertions
121 4.26 Functional dependencies
4.26.1 Overview of functional dependency rules and notations
4.26.2 General rules and definitions
122 4.26.3 Known functional dependencies in a base table
123 4.26.4 Known functional dependencies in a viewed table
4.26.5 Known functional dependencies in a transition table
4.26.6 Known functional dependencies in

4.26.7 Known functional dependencies in a
125 4.26.8 Known functional dependencies in a

126 4.26.9 Known functional dependencies in a

4.26.10 Known functional dependencies in a

4.26.11 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.12 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
127 4.26.13 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.14 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.15 Known functional dependencies in a
128 4.26.16 Known functional dependencies in a
4.27 Candidate keys
129 4.28 SQL-schemas
130 4.29 Sequence generators
4.29.1 General description of sequence generators
131 4.29.2 Operations involving sequence generators
4.30 SQL-client modules
132 4.31 Embedded syntax
133 4.32 Dynamic SQL concepts
4.32.1 Introduction to dynamic SQL
4.32.2 Overview of dynamic SQL for constructed SQL-statements
134 4.32.3 Overview of dynamic SQL for polymorphic table functions
4.32.4 Dynamic SQL statements and descriptor areas
136 4.33 Direct invocation of SQL
4.34 Externally-invoked procedures
4.35 SQL-invoked routines
4.35.1 Overview of SQL-invoked routines
138 4.35.2 Characteristics of SQL-invoked routines
141 4.35.3 Execution of conventional SQL-invoked routines
142 4.35.4 Invocation of polymorphic table functions
146 4.35.5 Routine descriptors
149 4.35.6 Result sets returned by SQL-invoked procedures
150 4.36 SQL-paths
4.37 Host parameters
4.37.1 Overview of host parameters
4.37.2 Status parameters
151 4.37.3 Data parameters
4.37.4 Indicator parameters
4.37.5 Locators
152 4.38 Diagnostics area
153 4.39 Host languages
154 4.40 Cursors
4.40.1 General description of cursors
158 4.40.2 Operations on and using cursors
159 4.41 SQL-statements
4.41.1 Classes of SQL-statements
160 4.41.2 SQL-statements classified by function
4.41.2.1 SQL-schema statements
162 4.41.2.2 SQL-data statements
4.41.2.3 SQL-data change statements
163 4.41.2.4 SQL-transaction statements
4.41.2.5 SQL-connection statements
4.41.2.6 SQL-control statements
4.41.2.7 SQL-session statements
164 4.41.2.8 SQL-diagnostics statements
4.41.2.9 SQL-dynamic statements
4.41.2.10 SQL embedded exception declaration
4.41.3 SQL-statements and SQL-data access indication
165 4.41.4 SQL-statements and transaction states
167 4.41.5 SQL-statement atomicity and statement execution contexts
168 4.41.6 Embeddable SQL-statements
169 4.41.7 Preparable and immediately executable SQL-statements
171 4.41.8 Directly executable SQL-statements
172 4.42 Basic security model
4.42.1 Authorization identifiers
4.42.1.1 Introduction to authorization identifiers
4.42.1.2 SQL-session authorization identifiers
173 4.42.1.3 SQL-client module authorization identifiers
4.42.1.4 SQL-schema authorization identifiers
4.42.2 Privileges
176 4.42.3 Roles
4.42.4 Security model definitions
177 4.43 SQL-transactions
4.43.1 General description of SQL-transactions
4.43.2 Savepoints
178 4.43.3 Properties of SQL-transactions
4.43.4 Isolation levels of SQL-transactions
180 4.43.5 Implicit rollbacks
4.43.6 Effects of SQL-statements in an SQL-transaction
4.43.7 Encompassing transactions
4.43.7.1 Encompassing transaction belonging to an external agent
181 4.43.7.2 Encompassing transaction belonging to the SQL-agent
4.44 SQL-connections
182 4.45 SQL-sessions
4.45.1 General description of SQL-sessions
183 4.45.2 SQL-session identification
4.45.3 SQL-session properties
186 4.45.4 SQL-session context management
4.45.5 Execution contexts
4.45.6 Routine execution context
187 4.46 Triggers
4.46.1 General description of triggers
189 4.46.2 Trigger execution
190 4.47 Client-server operation
191 4.48 JSON data handling in SQL
4.48.1 Introduction
4.48.2 Implied JSON data model
192 4.48.3 SQL/JSON data model
193 4.48.4 SQL/JSON functions
194 4.48.5 Overview of SQL/JSON path language
197 5 Lexical elements
5.1
201 5.2 and
211 5.3
222 5.4 Names and identifiers
234 6 Scalar expressions
6.1
247 6.2
249 6.3
251 6.4 and
256 6.5
258 6.6
262 6.7
265 6.8
266 6.9
269 6.10
278 6.11
281 6.12
285 6.13
302 6.14
304 6.15
306 6.16
307 6.17
309 6.18
311 6.19
313 6.20
315 6.21
316 6.22
317 6.23
319 6.24
321 6.25
322 6.26
323 6.27
327 6.28
329 6.29
331 6.30
333 6.31
347 6.32
352 6.33
372 6.34
379 6.35
382 6.36
385 6.37
386 6.38
387 6.39
388 6.40
390 6.41
391 6.42
394 6.43
396 6.44
400 6.45
401 6.46
405 6.47
407 6.48
409 6.49
411 6.50
414 6.51
415 6.52
417 7 Query expressions
7.1
420 7.2
422 7.3

424 7.4

425 7.5
428 7.6

446 7.7
451 7.8
453 7.9
458 7.10
468 7.11
482 7.12
483 7.13
492 7.14
494 7.15
509 7.16
517 7.17
534 7.18
538 7.19
540 8 Predicates
8.1
542 8.2
550 8.3
551 8.4
553 8.5
559 8.6
565 8.7
567 8.8
569 8.9
571 8.10
572 8.11
574 8.12
576 8.13
579 8.14
581 8.15
584 8.16
586 8.17
588 8.18
589 8.19
591 8.20
596 8.21
597 8.22
599 8.23
601 9 Additional common rules
9.1 Retrieval assignment
607 9.2 Store assignment
613 9.3 Passing a value from a host language to the SQL-server
617 9.4 Passing a value from the SQL-server to a host language
621 9.5 Result of data type combinations
625 9.6 Subject routine determination
627 9.7 Type precedence list determination
631 9.8 Host parameter mode determination
633 9.9 Type name determination
635 9.10 Determination of identical values
637 9.11 Equality operations
639 9.12 Grouping operations
641 9.13 Multiset element grouping operations
643 9.14 Ordering operations
645 9.15 Collation determination
647 9.16 Potential sources of non-determinism
651 9.17 Executing an
655 9.18 Invoking an SQL-invoked routine
684 9.19 Processing a method invocation
686 9.20 Transformation of query specifications
689 9.21 Execution of array-returning external functions
693 9.22 Execution of multiset-returning external functions
694 9.23 Compilation of an invocation of a polymorphic table function
698 9.24 Execution of an invocation of a polymorphic table function
709 9.25 Signatures of PTF component procedures
712 9.26 Invocation of a PTF component procedure
715 9.27 XQuery regular expression matching
718 9.28 XQuery regular expression replacement
720 9.29 Data type identity
722 9.30 Determination of a from-sql function
723 9.31 Determination of a from-sql function for an overriding method
724 9.32 Determination of a to-sql function
725 9.33 Determination of a to-sql function for an overriding method
726 9.34 Generation of the next value of a sequence generator
728 9.35 Creation of a sequence generator
731 9.36 Altering a sequence generator
733 9.37 Generation of the hierarchical of a view
734 9.38 Determination of view privileges
736 9.39 Determination of view component privileges
740 9.40 Row pattern recognition in a sequence of rows
744 9.41 Parsing JSON text
746 9.42 Serializing an SQL/JSON item
748 9.43 Converting an SQL/JSON sequence to an SQL/JSON item
750 9.44 SQL/JSON path language: lexical elements
754 9.45 SQL/JSON path language: syntax and semantics
784 9.46 Processing
785 9.47 Casting an SQL/JSON sequence to an SQL type
787 9.48 Serializing an SQL/JSON sequence to an SQL string type
790 9.49 Converting a datetime to a formatted character string
793 9.50 Converting a formatted character string to a datetime
801 9.51 Datetime templates
805 10 Additional common elements
10.1
809 10.2
811 10.3
812 10.4
816 10.5
818 10.6
821 10.7
822 10.8 and
824 10.9
840 10.10
843 10.11
849 10.12
851 10.13
853 10.14
855 11 Schema definition and manipulation
11.1
858 11.2
861 11.3

873 11.4
879 11.5
883 11.6

885 11.7
888 11.8
894 11.9
896 11.10
897 11.11
899 11.12
901 11.13
902 11.14
903 11.15
904 11.16
905 11.17
906 11.18
908 11.19
912 11.20
914 11.21
915 11.22
916 11.23
918 11.24
919 11.25
920 11.26
923 11.27
926 11.28
931 11.29
932 11.30
934 11.31
937 11.32
948 11.33
951 11.34
953 11.35
954 11.36
955 11.37
956 11.38
957 11.39
958 11.40
960 11.41
962 11.42
964 11.43
966 11.44
968 11.45
970 11.46
972 11.47
974 11.48
977 11.49
983 11.50
986 11.51
1002 11.52
1004 11.53
1005 11.54
1007 11.55
1009 11.56
1014 11.57
1019 11.58
1023 11.59
1026 11.60
1055 11.61
1058 11.62
1060 11.63
1062 11.64
1065 11.65
1068 11.66
1071 11.67
1074 11.68
1075 11.69
1077 11.70
1079 11.71
1082 11.72
1084 11.73
1085 11.74
1086 12 Access control
12.1
1091 12.2
1094 12.3
1098 12.4
1099 12.5
1101 12.6
1102 12.7
1121 12.8 Grantor determination
1123 13 SQL-client modules
13.1
1127 13.2
1128 13.3
1143 13.4
1146 13.5 Data type correspondences
1157 14 Data manipulation
14.1
1159 14.2
1161 14.3
1164 14.4
1165 14.5
1169 14.6
1170 14.7
1174 14.8
1176 14.9
1180 14.10
1182 14.11
1187 14.12
1197 14.13
1199 14.14
1203 14.15
1207 14.16
1209 14.17
1210 14.18
1211 15 Additional data manipulation rules
15.1 Effect of opening a cursor
1214 15.2 Effect of receiving a result set
1215 15.3 Determination of the current row of a cursor
1217 15.4 Effect of closing a cursor
15.5 Evaluating a
1220 15.6 Effect of a positioned delete
1222 15.7 Effect of a positioned update
1225 15.8 Effect of deleting rows from base tables
1228 15.9 Effect of deleting some rows from a derived table
1230 15.10 Effect of deleting some rows from a viewed table
1232 15.11 Effect of inserting tables into base tables
1235 15.12 Effect of inserting a table into a derived table
1237 15.13 Effect of inserting a table into a viewed table
1239 15.14 Effect of replacing rows in base tables
1243 15.15 Effect of replacing some rows in a derived table
1246 15.16 Effect of replacing some rows in a viewed table
1248 15.17 Execution of BEFORE triggers
1249 15.18 Checking of views that specify CHECK OPTION
1252 15.19 Execution of referential actions
1258 15.20 Execution of AFTER triggers
1259 15.21 Execution of triggers
1262 16 Control statements
16.1
1263 16.2
1264 17 Transaction management
17.1
1266 17.2
1268 17.3
1270 17.4
1272 17.5
1273 17.6
1274 17.7
1276 17.8
1278 18 Connection management
18.1
1281 18.2
1283 18.3
1285 19 Session management
19.1
1287 19.2
1288 19.3
1289 19.4
1290 19.5
1291 19.6
1292 19.7
1293 19.8
1294 19.9
1295 19.10
1297 20 Dynamic SQL
20.1 Description of SQL descriptor areas
1307 20.2
1309 20.3
1310 20.4
1314 20.5
1319 20.6
1322 20.7
1333 20.8
1334 20.9
1335 20.10
1341 20.11
1345 20.12
1350 20.13
1352 20.14
1353 20.15
1354 20.16
1356 20.17
1358 20.18
1360 20.19
1362 20.20
1363 20.21
1364 20.22
1365 20.23
1366 20.24
1368 20.25
1370 20.26
1372 20.27
1374 20.28
1376 21 Embedded SQL
21.1
1387 21.2
1391 21.3
1399 21.4
1408 21.5
1415 21.6
1422 21.7
1426 21.8
1432 21.9
1439 22 Direct invocation of SQL
22.1
1443 22.2
1444 23 Diagnostics management
23.1
1460 23.2 Pushing and popping the diagnostics area stack
1461 24 Status codes
24.1 SQLSTATE
1471 24.2 Remote Database Access SQLSTATE Subclasses
1472 25 Conformance
25.1 Claims of conformance to SQL/Foundation
1473 25.2 Additional conformance requirements for SQL/Foundation
25.3 Implied feature relationships of SQL/Foundation
1483 25.4 Syntactic transformations applied before Conformance Rules in SQL/Foundation
1484 A SQL Conformance Summary
1573 B Implementation-defined elements
1628 C Implementation-dependent elements
1647 D SQL optional feature taxonomy
1663 E Deprecated features
1664 F Incompatibilities with ISO/IEC 9075:2016
1666 G Defect Reports not addressed in this edition of this document
1667 H SQL mandatory feature taxonomy
1684 Bibliography
1686 Index
BSI 22/30430207 DC 2022
$76.73