BSI PD IEC TR 60522-2:2020
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Medical electrical equipment. Diagnostic X-rays – Guidance and rationale on quality equivalent filtration and permanent filtration
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2020 | 38 |
IEC TR 60522-2:2020 provides guidance on quality equivalent filtration and permanent filtration with regards to the requirements of IEC 60522-1 and its modifications versus IEC 60522:1999.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 2 | undefined |
| 4 | CONTENTS |
| 6 | FOREWORD |
| 8 | INTRODUCTION |
| 10 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions |
| 11 | 4 Technical issues in IEC 60522:1999 4.1 General 4.2 Subclause 4.1, second dash, of IEC 60522:1999 4.3 Subclause 4.3, first paragraph, of IEC 60522:1999 4.4 Subclause 4.3, item a) of IEC 60522:1999 4.5 Subclause 4.3, item d), last phrase, of IEC 60522:1999 4.6 Subclause 4.3, last paragraph, of IEC 60522:1999 |
| 12 | 4.7 Subclause 4.6, second paragraph, second phrase of IEC 60522:1999 5 Influence of high voltage and of atomic number of filter material 5.1 General |
| 13 | 5.2 Radiography – Atomic number of filters ≤30 Figures Figure 1 – Typical filter materials for mammography and radiography |
| 14 | Figure 2 – Quality equivalent filtration of elements as a function of high voltage |
| 15 | Data adapted from reference [4]. Axes logarithmic Figure 3 – Mass X-ray attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) vs. photon energy |
| 16 | Figure 4 – Energetic location of discontinuities of the absorption coefficients (vertical axis) of elements vs. their atomic number, characteristic lines, L- and K-edge energies |
| 17 | Figure 5 – qef of 0,1 mm Cu filter vs. thicknessof an additional Al filter (at high voltage of 75 kV) |
| 18 | Figure 6 – Quality equivalent filtration of elements with 1,0 mm Al pre-filtration as a function of high voltage (W target with target angle 10°,thickness according to Figure 2) Tables Table 1 – qef-variation of 0,1 mm Cu filter with Al pre-filtration |
| 19 | Figure 7 – qef of 0,1 mm Cu as determined with various pre-filtration materialsas a function of high voltage |
| 20 | Figure 8 – X-ray spectra (12 ° W target, 100 kV high voltage)for filter materials Cu and Al with the same qef |
| 21 | 5.3 Radiography – Atomic number of filters >30 Figure 9 – X-ray spectra from a 12° W target with 1,0 mm additional filtration |
| 22 | 5.4 Mammography Figure 10 – qef of a 0,025 mm W filter as a function of high voltage Table 2 – Representative combinations of mammography targets and filters |
| 23 | 5.5 Additivity 5.5.1 General Figure 11 – Four typical examples of permanent filtrationof mammographic X-ray tube assemblies as a function of high voltage |
| 24 | Table 3 – Sample comparison of concepts of addition: IEC 60522:1999 Table 4 – Sample comparison of concepts of addition: IEC 60522-1 |
| 25 | Figure 12 – Inconsistent results from addition of the qefs according to IEC 60522:1999. Table 5 – Permanent filtration per order of the filters – comparison of concepts |
| 26 | 5.5.3 Mammography 5.5.4 Decision process for the indirect determination of the permanent filtration Figure 13 – Example of failing additivity concept of IEC 60522:1999 in mammography |
| 27 | 6 Alignment of the reference axes 6.1 General 6.2 Radiography – Atomic number ≤30 Figure 14 – Indirect determination of permanent filtration |
| 28 | 6.3 Radiography – Atomic number >30 6.4 Mammography Table 6 – Impact of angular misalignment on permanent filtration Table 7 – Impact of angular misalignment on permanent filtration Table 8 – Impact of angular misalignment on permanent filtration |
| 29 | 7 Requirements on the high voltage 7.1 General 7.2 Radiography – Determination at the K-edge – Requirement on constancy Table 9 – Impact of high voltage shift (close to K-edge) on permanent filtration Table 10 – Impact of high voltage shift (distant from K-edge) on permanent filtration |
| 30 | 7.3 Mammography – Requirement on constancy 7.4 Ripple Table 11 – Impact of shift of high voltage on permanent filtration |
| 31 | 7.5 Choice of high voltage Table 12 – Sensitivity for voltage ripple |
| 32 | 8 Filtering material – Representative target angle 8.1 General 8.2 Radiography – Atomic number ≤30 8.3 Radiography – Atomic number >30 Table 13 – Influence on qef of low-Z filtration and of target angle |
| 33 | 8.4 Mammography Figure 15 – Dependency of the qef of a 0,025 mm W filter on the target angle |
| 34 | 9 Radiation beam simulations 9.1 Simulation tool 9.2 Validation Figure 16 – qef for a range of practical target angles in mammography |
| 35 | 10 Statement of quality equivalent filtration 10.1 Accuracy 10.2 Permanent filtration Table 14 – Comparison of simulated and measured permanent filtration |
| 36 | Bibliography |
