🔥🔥 Don’t Miss Out on Our End of Autumn Sale. If you have any questions, feel free to click the bottom right corner to contact our customer service..

Concat us[email protected]
Shopping Cart

No products in the cart.

🔍
IEEE IEC C57.15 2017:2018 Edition

IEEE IEC C57.15 2017:2018 Edition

$80.71

IEEE/IEC International Standard- Power transformers – Part 21: Standard requirements, terminology, and test code for step-voltage regulators

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 2018 148
PDF Format Searchable Printable Preview Now
Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Category:

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our online customer service team by clicking on the bottom right corner. We’re here to assist you 24/7.
Email:[email protected]

Revision Standard – Active.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Front Cover
3 Title page
4 CONTENTS
11 FOREWORD
13 1 Scope
2 Normative references
2.1 IEC references
2.2 IEEE references
14 2.3 SAE references
3 Terms and definitions
18 4 Use of normative references
19 5 Service conditions
5.1 Usual service conditions
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Temperature
5.1.3 Altitude
5.1.4 Supply voltage
5.1.5 Load current
5.1.6 Outdoor operation
5.1.7 Tank or enclosure finish
20 5.2 Loading at other than rated conditions
5.3 Unusual service conditions
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Unusual temperature and altitude conditions
5.3.3 Insulation at high altitude
21 5.3.4 Other unusual service conditions
Tables
Table 1 – Dielectric strength correction factors for altitudes greater than 1 000 m (3 300 ft)
22 6 Rating data
6.1 Cooling classes of voltage regulators
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Liquid-immersed (fire point ≤ 300 °C) air-cooled
6.1.3 Liquid-immersed (fire point > 300 °C) air-cooled
6.2 Ratings
6.2.1 General
23 6.2.2 Terms in which rating is expressed
6.2.3 Preferred ratings
Table 2 – Limits of temperature-rise
24 Table 3 – Ratings for liquid-immersed 60 Hz step-voltage regulators (single-phase)
25 Table 4 – Ratings for liquid-immersed 50 Hz step-voltage regulators (single-phase)
27 Table 5 – Ratings for liquid-immersed 60 Hz step-voltage regulators (three-phase)
28 6.2.4 Supplementary voltage ratings
Table 6 – Ratings for liquid-immersed 50 Hz step-voltage regulators (three-phase)
Table 7 – Supplementary voltage ratings
29 6.3 Supplementary continuous-current ratings
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Optional forced-air ratings
Table 8 – Supplementary continuous-current ratings
30 6.4 Taps
6.5 Voltage supply ratios
6.6 Insulation levels
Table 9 – Forced-air ratings relationship
Table 10 – Values of voltage supply ratios
31 6.7 Losses
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Total loss
6.7.3 Tolerance for losses
6.7.4 Determination of losses and excitation current
Table 11 – Interrelationships of dielectric insulation levels for voltage regulators
32 6.8 Short-circuit requirements
6.8.1 General
Table 12 – Values of k
33 6.8.2 Mechanical capability demonstration
6.8.3 Thermal capability of voltage regulators for short-circuit conditions
6.9 Sound pressure level for liquid-immersed voltage regulators
Table 13 – Maximum no-load (excitation) sound pressure levels
34 6.10 Tests
6.10.1 General
6.10.2 Routine tests
6.10.3 Type tests
35 7 Construction
7.1 Bushings
36 7.2 External dielectric clearances
7.3 Terminal markings
Table 14 – Electrical characteristics of voltage regulator bushings
Table 15 – External dielectric clearances
37 7.4 Diagram of connections
Figures
Figure 1 – Single-phase voltage regulators
Figure 2 – Three-phase voltage regulators with two arrangements of bushings
38 7.5 Nameplates
39 7.6 Tank construction
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Pressure-relief valve
7.6.3 Cover assembly
40 7.6.4 Sudden pressure relay
7.6.5 Lifting lugs
7.6.6 Support lugs
41 Figure 3 – Type-B support lugs
42 7.6.7 Substation bases
7.6.8 Tank grounding provisions
Figure 4 – Type-C support lugs
43 7.7 Components and accessories
7.7.1 Components for full automatic control and operation
7.7.2 Accessories for single-phase step-voltage regulators
Table 16 – Bushing terminal applications
44 7.7.3 Accessories for three-phase step-voltage regulators
8 Other requirements
8.1 General
8.2 Other components and accessories
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Single- and three-phase voltage regulators
45 8.2.3 Three-phase voltage regulators
9 Test code
9.1 General
9.2 Resistance measurements
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Determination of cold temperature
46 9.2.3 Conversion of resistance measurements
9.2.4 Resistance measurement methods
Figure 5 – Connections for voltmeter-ammeter method of resistance measurement
47 9.3 Polarity test
9.3.1 General
48 9.3.2 Polarity by inductive kick
9.3.3 Polarity by ratio meter
9.4 Ratio test
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Taps
Figure 6 – Voltage regulator connected for polarity testing –Voltage regulator in Neutral position
49 9.4.3 Voltage and frequency
9.4.4 Three-phase voltage regulators
9.4.5 Tolerance for ratio
9.4.6 Ratio test methods
50 Figure 7 – Voltmeter arranged to read the differencebetween the two output side voltages
Figure 8 – Voltmeters arranged to read the two series winding voltages
51 9.5 No-load loss and excitation current
9.5.1 General
Figure 9 – Basic circuit of ratio meter
52 9.5.2 No-load loss test
Figure 10 – Connection for no-load loss test of single-phase voltage regulator without instrument transformers
53 9.5.3 Waveform correction of no-load loss
Figure 11 – Connections for no-load loss test of a single-phase voltage regulator with instrument transformers
54 9.5.4 Test methods for three-phase voltage regulators
9.5.5 Determination of excitation (no-load) current
55 9.5.6 Measurements
9.5.7 Correction of loss measurement due to metering phase-angle errors
Figure 12 – Three-phase voltage regulator connections for no-load loss andexcitation current test using three-wattmeter method
56 9.6 Load loss and impedance voltage
9.6.1 General
Table 17 – Requirements for phase-angle error correction
57 9.6.2 Factors affecting the values of load loss and impedance voltage
58 9.6.3 Tests for measuring load loss and impedance voltage
59 Figure 13 – Single-phase voltage regulator connections for load loss and impedance voltage test without instrument transformers
Figure 14 – Single-phase voltage regulator connections for load loss and impedance voltage test with instrument transformers
60 9.6.4 Calculation of load loss and impedance voltage from test data
Figure 15 – Three-phase voltage regulator connections for load loss andimpedance voltage test using the three-wattmeter method
62 9.7 Dielectric tests
9.7.1 General
63 9.7.2 Lightning impulse type test
69 9.7.3 Lightning impulse routine test
71 9.7.4 Applied-voltage test
9.7.5 Induced-voltage test
73 9.7.6 Insulation power factor tests
74 9.7.7 Insulation resistance tests
Table 18 – Measurements to be made in insulation power factor tests
75 9.8 On-load tap-changer routine tests
9.8.1 General
76 9.8.2 Mechanical test
9.8.3 Auxiliary circuits insulation test
9.9 Control system routine tests
9.9.1 Applied voltage
9.9.2 Operation
9.10 Temperature-rise test
9.10.1 General
77 9.10.2 Test methods
78 Figure 16 – Example of loading back method: single-phase
79 Figure 17 – Example of loading back method: three-phase
80 9.10.3 Resistance measurements
81 9.10.4 Temperature measurements
84 9.10.5 Correction of temperature-rise test results
85 9.11 Short-circuit test
9.11.1 General
9.11.2 Test connections
86 9.11.3 Test requirements
9.11.4 Test procedure
88 9.11.5 Proof of satisfactory performance
89 9.12 Determination of sound level
9.12.1 General
90 9.12.2 Applicability
9.12.3 Instrumentation
9.12.4 Test conditions
92 9.12.5 Microphone positions
Figure 18 – Microphone location for measuring sound level
93 9.12.6 Sound level measurements
94 Table 19 – Ambient sound pressure level correction
95 Table 20 – Approximate values of the average acoustic absorption coefficient
96 Figure 19 – Sound reflection correction factor “K” calculated as per Equation (29)
97 9.12.7 Determination of sound level of a voltage regulator
99 9.12.8 Presentation of results
100 9.13 Calculated data
9.13.1 Reference temperature
Figure 20 – Measurements using the sound pressure method
Figure 21 – Measurements using the sound intensity method
101 9.13.2 Loss and excitation current
9.13.3 Efficiency
9.13.4 Calculation of winding temperature during a short-circuit
103 9.13.5 Certified test data
104 10 Component tests
10.1 General
10.2 Enclosure integrity
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Static pressure
105 10.2.3 Dynamic pressure
10.2.4 Type test for fault current capability of a voltage regulator enclosure
106 10.3 On-load tap-changer
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Type tests
111 10.4 Control system
10.4.1 General
112 10.4.2 Control device construction
10.4.3 Accuracy
114 10.4.4 Type tests
Table 21 – Voltage level values for select line-drop compensation
117 Table 22 – Control supply voltage
118 11 Universal interface
11.1 Connection between control enclosure and apparatus
119 11.2 Universal interface connector
Figure 22 – Universal interface specification
Figure 23 – Socket/pin detail for universal interface
120 Table 23 – Socket pin identification for connector
121 Figure 24 – Universal interface locations
122 Annex A (informative) Unusual temperature and altitude conditions
A.1 Unusual temperatures and altitude service conditions
A.2 Effects of altitude on temperature-rise
A.3 Operation at rated kVA
A.4 Operation at less than rated kVA
Table A.1 – Maximum allowable average temperature of cooling air for rated kVAa
Table A.2 – Rated kVA correction factors for altitudes greater than 1 000 m (3 300 ft)
123 Annex B (informative) Field dielectric tests
B.1 Tests on bushings
B.2 Dielectric tests in the field
124 Annex C (informative) Step-voltage regulator construction
C.1 General
Figure C.1 – Basic diagram of single-phase, Type A, step-voltage regulator
Figure C.2 – Basic diagram of single-phase, Type B, step-voltage regulator
125 C.2 Type A
C.3 Type B
Figure C.3 – Type A
Figure C.4 – Type B
126 C.4 Series transformer construction
C.5 Reactor circuit
C.6 Equalizer winding
Figure C.5 – Example of series transformer construction
127 Figure C.6 – Equalizer winding and reactor circuitry – Non-bridging tap position
Figure C.7 – Equalizer winding and reactor circuitry – Bridging tap position
128 Annex D (informative) Hazards of Bypass off Neutral
129 Figure D.1 – “Bypass off Neutral” power circuit
130 Figure D.2 – Example of “Bypass off Neutral” RMS symmetricalcurrent pattern of a Type A design
131 Figure D.3 – Example of “Bypass off Neutral” RMS symmetrical current pattern of a Type B design
132 Annex E (informative) Overloading of step-voltage regulators
133 Figure E.1 – Example of overload capability by tap position
Figure E.2 – Example of Type A load loss vs tap position
134 Figure E.3 – Example of Type B load loss vs tap position
Figure E.4 – Tap-changer arc interruption envelope
135 Figure E.5 – Contact wear
136 Annex F (informative) Power capacitor and distributed generation compatibility
F.1 Power capacitor application issues
F.1.1 General
F.1.2 Power circuit for consideration
F.1.3 Voltage regulator incorporating line-drop compensation (LDC) in the control
Figure F.1 – Power distribution substation and representative distribution feeder
138 Table F.1 – Relevant system voltages and currents with capacitor location
139 F.1.4 Voltage regulator incorporating line current compensation (LCC) in the control
F.2 Distributed generation application issues
F.2.1 General
140 F.2.2 Control operation with power reversal recognition
141 F.2.3 Power circuit for consideration
F.2.4 Distributed generator alternatives
Figure F.2 – Power distribution system with distributed generation
142 F.2.5 P-Q summary
F.2.6 Example system with distribution generation (DG)
Figure F.3 – P-Q diagram quadrant relationships
143 Table F.2 – System and voltage regulator control response with example distributed generation (DG), no line-drop compensation
144 F.2.7 Expanded example, distributed generation mode
F.2.8 Caveats
F.2.9 Conclusions
145 Bibliography

Related products

  • IEEE C57.15-2017

    IEEE C57.15-2017

    IEEE/IEC International Standard- Power transformers – Part 21: Standard requirements, terminology, and test code for…

    $91.00 Add to cart
IEEE IEC C57.15 2017
$80.71