{"id":161749,"date":"2024-10-19T09:43:20","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T09:43:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ashrae-book-laboratorydesignguide-2nded-2015\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T02:01:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T02:01:17","slug":"ashrae-book-laboratorydesignguide-2nded-2015","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ashrae\/ashrae-book-laboratorydesignguide-2nded-2015\/","title":{"rendered":"ASHRAE Book LaboratoryDesignGuide 2ndEd 2015"},"content":{"rendered":"

ASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide is a comprehensive reference manual for the planning, design, and operation of laboratories. It gives engineers, owners, and system operators the design and control strategies they need to reduce the laboratory’s energy footprint while ensuring safety, providing good comfort and indoor air quality, and protecting the integrity of laboratory experiments. The Guide is organized around a typical project, progressing through the basic steps of planning, design, construction, and operation and maintenance. It offers basic background information on laboratories, including their various types and the typical equipment found in them, to provide a basic understanding of laboratories and their importance as well as their different functions and needs. The book covers topics such as exhaust hoods, primary air systems, process cooling, air treatment, exhaust stack design, airflow patterns and system balancing, energy recovery, the laboratory commissioning process, and the economics of both initial and life-cycle costs. A dedicated chapter gives guidance on laboratories that specialize in biological containment and animal research, addressing envelope design, system reliability, redundancy, proper space pressurization, biohazard containment and control, product protection, and sanitation. Updated to reflect current standards and industry practices, this second edition also adds two new chapters: one on high-performance building design concepts for sustainability and one with guidelines on evaluating airflow patterns and contaminant concentrations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computer modeling. Finally, included with this Guide are expanded web links to industry standards and resources as well as design tools that help illustrate the features of laboratories and provide practical aids for design. Keywords: laboratory, laboratories, laboratory hvac, fume hood, biological safety cabinet, biological containment, animal research<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nContents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nPreface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nAcknowledgments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nAbbreviations and Acronyms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n1 – Introduction
Overview
Organization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\nReference Sources
Professional Associations and Societies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\nResearch Institutions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\nGovernment Offices and Regulators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nDesign Forums and Publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\nRelated ASHRAE Technical Committees (TCs)
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n2 – Background
Overview
Laboratory Types
Biological Laboratories <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\nChemical Laboratories <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\nPhysical Laboratories
Support Spaces
Laboratory Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nFume Hoods
Biological Safety Cabinets
Flammable and Solvent Storage Cabinets
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n3 – Design Process
Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nDesign Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\nCode Compliance and Industry Standards
Risk Assessment
IAQ Requirements
System Sizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\nTable 3-1 Sample Format for Documenting Airflow Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nFigure 3-1 Laboratory Equipment Loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\nTable 3-2 Basis of Design Documentation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nFigure 3-2 Pressure- Mapping Process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\nSystem Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nVibration, Acoustical, and Seismic Requirements
Air Treatment
Stack Design Criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nEnergy Recovery Options
Control Strategies
TAB and Certification Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nO&M Requirements
Commissioning Integration
Economic Evaluation
Special Requirements for Microbiological and Biomedical laboratories <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nAssessing Ventilation Effectiveness
Sustainability Goals and Strategies
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n4 – Laboratory Planning
Overview
Risk Assessment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nEnvironmental Requirements
Temperature
Humidity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nAir Quality
Vibration
Appliances and Occupancy
Appliance Loads
Lighting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nOccupants
Pressure Relationships
Figure 4-1 Pressure Relationship Terminology
Negative Pressure Room <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nPositive Pressure Room
Neutral Pressure Room
Anteroom
Transfer Air
Ventilation and IAQ
Supply Air\/Exhaust Air Treatment Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nLaboratory Codes, Standards, and References
Integration of Architecture and Engineered Systems
Building Concept <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nTable 4-1 Summary of Codes, Standards, and References Pertaining to Laboratories <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nUtility Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\nLaboratory Layout Approaches <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nSpecific Layout Issues <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nDevelopment of Planning Documents
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n5 – Exhaust Hoods
Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\nDefining Exhaust Hoods
Types of Exhaust Hoods
Chemical Fume Hoods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nFigure 5-1 Typical Components of a Fume Hood <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nFigure 5-2 Typical Sash Configurations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nBiological Safety Cabinets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nFigure 5-3 Class I BSC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nFigure 5-4 Class II Type A1 BSC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nFigure 5-5 Class II Type A2 BSC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nFigure 5-6 Thimble Connection for Class II Type A1 and A2 BSCs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nFigure 5-7 Class II Type B1 BSC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nFigure 5-8 Class II Type B2 BSC
Other Hood Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nFigure 5-9 Class III BSC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nFigure 5-10 Slot Hood <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nFigure 5-11 Canopy Hood
Figure 5-12 Snorkel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nSelection of Exhaust Hoods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nFigure 5-13 Exhaust Hood Selection Matrix <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nConstant Volume versus Variable Air Volume <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nEnergy Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nHood Performance Verification and Continuous Monitoring
ASHRAE Standard 110
ANSI\/AIHA\/ASSE Z9.5 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nOther Sources of Information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n6 – Primary Air Systems
Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nZone Air Distribution
Room Air Velocities
Relative Device Locations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nDevice Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nFigure 6-1 Generic Air Jet Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nFigure 6-2 Nondirectional versus Laminar Flow
Figure 6-3 Perforated Supply Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nFigure 6-4 Sectional View
Figure 6-5 Plan View
Table 6-1 T50\/L Ranges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nFigure 6-6 Layout of Laboratory and Diffuser Selection
Figure 6-7 Misapplication of Diffuser Layout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nOff-Peak Loads and Balancing
Zone Heating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nBaseboard Heating
Figure 6-8 Zone Heating Options <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nRadiant Panel Heating
Supply Air Heating
Exhaust Air System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nFigure 6-9 Typical Laboratory Module
Figure 6-10 Air Systems in a Typical Laboratory <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nDetermine Type of Exhaust System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nFigure 6-11 Constant-Volume Laboratory Ventilation Control
Figure 6-12 Generic Airflow Controller <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nFigure 6-13 VAV Laboratory Ventilation Control
Determine Separation of Exhaust System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\nAccomplish Duct Layout and Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\nFigure 6-14 Dedicated Exhaust Systems\u2014Single-Story Building <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\nFigure 6-15 Dedicated Exhaust Systems\u2014Multistory Building <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nFigure 6-16 Manifolded Exhaust System\u2014Pressure Dependent
Figure 6-17 Manifolded Exhaust System\u2014Pressure Independent <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\nFigure 6-18 Manifolded Exhaust System\u2014Single-Story Building
Figure 6-19 Manifolded Exhaust System\u2014Multistory Building <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\nAccomplish Fume Exhaust Stack Design
Select Fume Exhaust Fans <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\nFigure 6-20 Exhaust Fan Pressure Relationships
Figure 6-21 Centrifugal Fan Isometric <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\nTable 6-2 Centrifugal Fan Type Application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nFigure 6-22 Centrifugal Fan Performance Characteristics
Figure 6-23 Direct-Drive In-Line Bifurcated Mixed-Flow Fan <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\nFigure 6-24 Mixed-Flow Fan Performance
Figure 6-25 Fan-Powered Venturi for Perchloric Acid Fume Hoods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\nFigure 6-26 Centrifugal Induced Draft Dilution Fan
Figure 6-27 In-Line Mixed-Flow Induced Draft Dilution Fan <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nFigure 6-28 Typical VAV Exhaust Control Components
Figure 6-29 Laboratory Exhaust Fan Bypass Air Plenum <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\nFigure 6-30 Isolation and Bypass Dampers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\nSupply Air System
Verify Supply Air Quantity
Table 6-3 Exhaust and Supply Air Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\nSelect Specific System Type <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\nFigure 6-31 Constant-Volume Terminal Reheat System
Figure 6-32 Central Triple-Deck Multizone AHU
Figure 6-33 Multizone Constant-Volume System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\nFigure 6-34 Typical Laboratory VAV System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\nFigure 6-35 Single-Duct VAV System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\nFigure 6-36 Typical Dual-Duct VAV System
Figure 6-37 Typical Unitary System Layout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\nFigure 6-38 Active Beam
Figure 6-39 Passive Beam <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\nEvaluate Need for Auxiliary Air Supply
Table 6-4 Auxiliary Air Heating Options <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\nFigure 6-40 Auxiliary Air Impact on Space Conditions
Select Air-Handling Unit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\nFigure 6-41 Typical AHU <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\nTable 6-5 Laboratory Filtration Options <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\nFigure 6-42 Plenum Fan Array
Determine Control Strategy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\nDuct Construction
General Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\nTable 6-6 SMACNA Duct Sealing Classes
Table 6-7 Applicable Leakage Rates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\nTable 6-8 Leakage as a Percentage of Airflow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nFigure 6-43 Duct Leakage Testing Apparatus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\nTable 6-9 Chemical-Resistant Properties and Flame Ratings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
132<\/td>\nTable 6-10 Exhaust Duct Velocities
Energy Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\nFan System Efficiency
Table 6-11 Potential for Fan Energy Savings in Traditional Laboratory Designs
Airflow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\nSystem Pressure Drop
Air Recirculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\nHeat Recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\nReduced Room Ventilation Rates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\n7 – Process Cooling
Overview
Types of Water-Cooled Loads
Lasers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\nCentrifuges
Vacuum and Diffusion Pumps
Other
Water Treatment and Quality Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
142<\/td>\nTemperature and Pressure Requirements
System Pumping Configurations
System Basics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\nPumping Subsystems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
144<\/td>\nSystems Design Procedure
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
146<\/td>\n8 – Air Treatment
Overview
Requirements for Acceptable and Safe Levels of Pollutants
Allowable Concentration Limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
148<\/td>\nTable 8-1 Estimated Emission Rates and Health Thresholds for Selected Chemicals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
149<\/td>\nConsequences of Exposure to Excessive Concentrations
Air Treatment Technologies
Fan-Powered Dilution
Filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
151<\/td>\nFigure 8-1 Typical Fibrous Media Unit Filters
Scrubbing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
152<\/td>\nFigure 8-2 Typical Filter Housing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
153<\/td>\nCondensing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
154<\/td>\nOxidation
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
155<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
156<\/td>\n9 – Exhaust Stack Design
Overview
Elements of Stack Design
Stack Design Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
157<\/td>\nFigure 9-1 Plume Rise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
158<\/td>\nTable 9-1 Terrain Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
159<\/td>\nFigure 9-2 Stack Downwash <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
160<\/td>\nFigure 9-3 Wind Calculation from Meteorological Station to the Point of Interest <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
161<\/td>\nAirflow Around Buildings
Figure 9-4 Flow Patterns around Rectangular Buildings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
164<\/td>\nFigure 9-5 Adjacent Building Effect on Stack Plume <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
165<\/td>\nFigure 9-6 Exhaust Plume Impacting the Side Wall of a Neighboring Downwind Taller Building
Figure 9-7 Exhaust Plume Caught in the Wake of a Neighboring Upwind Taller Building
Design Issues <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
167<\/td>\nFigure 9-8 Best, Good, and Poor Exhaust Stack Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
168<\/td>\nCauses of Problems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
169<\/td>\nFigure 9-9 Turbulent and Recirculating Zones on a Building
Figure 9-10 Flow Patterns around Two Buildings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
170<\/td>\nDispersion Modeling
Emissions Characterization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
171<\/td>\nDispersion Models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
174<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
175<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
176<\/td>\n10 – Energy Recovery
Overview
Air-to-Air Energy Recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
177<\/td>\nSensible Energy Recovery Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
178<\/td>\nFigure 10-1 Runaround Loop Recovery System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
179<\/td>\nFigure 10-2 Heat Pipe Recovery System
Figure 10-3 Heat Pipe Operation
Figure 10-4 Heat Wheel Recovery System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
180<\/td>\nFigure 10-5 Fixed-Plate Heat Exchanger Recovery System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
181<\/td>\nFigure 10-6 Sealed-Tube Thermosiphon Recovery System
Enthalpic Energy Recovery Processes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
182<\/td>\nFigure 10-7 Coil Loop Thermosiphon Recovery System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
183<\/td>\nFigure 10-8 Reverse-Flow Plate Exchanger Recovery System
Water-to-Air Energy Recovery
Refrigeration Machine Energy Recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
184<\/td>\nFigure 10-9 Psychrometrics of Evaporative Cooling
Condenser Water Energy Recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
185<\/td>\nFigure 10-10 Dual- Condenser System
Figure 10-11 Double-Bundle and Dual- Condenser System Arrangement
Hot-Water Waste Energy Recovery
Selection Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
186<\/td>\nTable 10-1 Comparison of Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
187<\/td>\nLaboratory Requirements
Climate
Exhaust and Supply Locations
Economics
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
188<\/td>\n11 – Controls
Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
189<\/td>\nConstant-Volume versus Variable-Air-Volume Fume Hood Control
Air Control Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
191<\/td>\nAirflow Measurement Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
193<\/td>\nTable 11-1 Pressure Transducer Errors
Source Containment and Exhaust Device Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
194<\/td>\nFume Hoods
Figure 11-1 Typical Constant- Volume Fume Hood <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
195<\/td>\nFigure 11-2 Typical Control Schematic for Constant- Volume Fume Hood <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
197<\/td>\nFigure 11-3 Typical Control Schematic for VAV Fume Hood with Sidewall Face Velocity Sensor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
198<\/td>\nFigure 11-4 Typical Control Schematic for VAV Fume Hood with Sash Position Sensor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
199<\/td>\nOther Exhaust Devices
Figure 11-5 Typical Control Schematic for Two-Position Snorkel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
200<\/td>\nFigure 11-6 Typical Control Schematic for BSC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
202<\/td>\nFigure 11-7 Typical Control Schematic for Flammable and Solvent Storage Cabinet <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
203<\/td>\nFigure 11-8 Typical Control Schematic for Canopy Hood Used for Direct Exhausting
General Laboratory Exhaust <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
204<\/td>\nRoom Pressurization Control
Figure 11-9 Room Pressurization to Prevent Contamination Spread <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
205<\/td>\nFigure 11-10 Leakage Area versus Flow Rate
Direct Pressure Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
206<\/td>\nFigure 11-11 Typical Control Schematic for Direct Pressure Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
207<\/td>\nVolumetric Offset Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
208<\/td>\nFigure 11-12 Typical Control Schematic for Volumetric Offset Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
209<\/td>\nFigure 11-13 Specifying Control Components for Volumetric Offset <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
210<\/td>\nCascade Control
Dilution Ventilation and Minimum Ventilation Rates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
211<\/td>\nFigure 11-14 Typical Control Schematic for Cascade Control
Unoccupied Setback Control of Minimum Ventilation Rates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
213<\/td>\nDemand-Based Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
214<\/td>\nFigure 11-15 HVAC Energy Use Breakdown
Room Temperature Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
215<\/td>\nHydronic Room Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
216<\/td>\nFigure 11-16 Typical Cross Section of an Active Beam <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
217<\/td>\nCentral System Level Control
Air-Handling Unit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
218<\/td>\nExhaust Fans
Emergency Modes of Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
219<\/td>\nAnimal Facilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
220<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
222<\/td>\n12 – Airflow Patterns and Testing Procedures
Overview
Airflow Patterns and Direction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
223<\/td>\nMinimizing the Spread of Contaminants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
224<\/td>\nFigure 12-1 Flow from Clean to Dirty
Determining the Proper Airflow Pattern <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
225<\/td>\nFigure 12-2 Conflicting Airflow to Fume Hoods
Air Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
226<\/td>\nFigure 12-3 Acceptability of Air Transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
227<\/td>\nSpecial Requirements for Critical Systems
Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
228<\/td>\nAir and Hydronic System Balancing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
229<\/td>\nDuctwork pressure Testing
Equipment Balancing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
230<\/td>\nGeneral TAB Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
231<\/td>\nLaboratory Testing Requirements
Fume Hood Face Velocity and Performance Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
232<\/td>\nFigure 12-4 Periodic Laboratory Equipment and System Testing
Biological Safety Cabinet Performance Testing
Verification of Room Pressurization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
233<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
234<\/td>\n13 – O&M for Ventilation and Exhaust Systems
Overview
Maintenance of Equipment and Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
235<\/td>\nFume Hoods
Biological Safety Cabinets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
236<\/td>\nVentilation and Exhaust Systems
Decontamination of Existing Laboratories
Cost Information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
237<\/td>\nOperation Cost
Energy Cost
Maintenance Cost
Training
Maintenance Staff <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
238<\/td>\nOccupants
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
240<\/td>\n14 – Laboratory Commissioning Process
Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
241<\/td>\nCommissioning Process
Predesign Phase
Establishing Project Goals and Expectations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
243<\/td>\nCommissioning Plan
Design Phase
Basis of Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
244<\/td>\nConstruction Documents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
245<\/td>\nConstruction Phase
Mock-Ups
Construction Checklists
Review of Submittals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
246<\/td>\nSystem Verification
Acceptance Phase
Control System
Exhaust Hoods and Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
247<\/td>\nOccupancy and Operations Phase
Documentation
Training
Audits of Laboratory Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
248<\/td>\nOngoing Commissioning
Commissioning of Existing Buildings (Retrocommissioning)
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
250<\/td>\n15 – HVAC System Economics
Overview
Initial Cost <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
251<\/td>\nCentral Air-Handling Equipment
Exhaust System Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
252<\/td>\nLife-Cycle Cost
Cost Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
254<\/td>\nExample LCCA Calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
256<\/td>\n16 – Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
Overview
Introduction to Biological Containment
Elements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
257<\/td>\nRisk Assessment
Containment Barriers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
258<\/td>\nReference Standards and Design Guidelines
Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
259<\/td>\nBiosafety Level Classification
Figure 16-1 Four Biosafety Levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
260<\/td>\nFigure 16-2 Four Biosafety Laboratory Levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
261<\/td>\n(A)BSL-1
(A)BSL-2
(A)BSL-3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
262<\/td>\nFigure 16-3 Scientist Examining Specimens in a BSL-3 Laboratory <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
264<\/td>\nBSL-3Ag (BSL-3 AGRICULTURAL LARGE-ANIMAL FACILITIES) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
265<\/td>\nFigure 16-4 Heat Treatment EDS Schematic
BSL-4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
266<\/td>\nFigure 16-5 Essential Features of a BSL-4 Facility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
268<\/td>\nFigure 16-6 Components of a Class III BSC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
270<\/td>\nFigure 16-7 Layers of Containment in a BSL-4 Suit Laboratory <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
271<\/td>\nFigure 16-8 Inflatable-Gasket APR Door System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
272<\/td>\nFigure 16-9 Laboratory Technicians Working in a BSL-4 Suit Laboratory <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
273<\/td>\nFigure 16-10 Typical Chemical Shower <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
274<\/td>\nFigure 16-11 Double HEPA Laboratory Exhaust Filtration System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
275<\/td>\nContainable Spaces
Users\u2019 Program Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
276<\/td>\nFigure 16-12 Animal Facility Diagrammatic Model Showing Basic Flows and Relationships <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
277<\/td>\nEngineering Considerations
Systems Overview
Ventilation Rates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
278<\/td>\nSpace Pressurization and Airflow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
279<\/td>\nSolid Waste Decontamination Methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
280<\/td>\nSystem Redundancy Measures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
281<\/td>\nAir Distribution
Operational Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
282<\/td>\nSpecial Animal Considerations
Operational and Safety Protocols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
283<\/td>\nVentilated Cage Rack Systems
Figure 16-13 A Typical Cage Rack System for Mice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
284<\/td>\nEnvironmental Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
285<\/td>\nSanitation and Cleanability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
286<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
288<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
290<\/td>\n17 – CFD Modeling of Laboratory Ventilation
Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
291<\/td>\nUses of CFD in Laboratories
Design of Supply Diffusers
Figure 17-1 Example Room Layout
Thermal Comfort and Cooling Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
292<\/td>\nFigure 17-2 Comparison of Two Diffuser Configurations to Ideal Uniform Supply
Other Safety and Comfort Issues <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
293<\/td>\nIntroduction to CFD Modeling
Figure 17-3 Example CFD Output\u2014 Single Cross-Section of Velocities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
294<\/td>\nTypes of CFD Models
Typical Stages in CFD Computations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
295<\/td>\nRecommendations for Conducting CFD Modeling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
296<\/td>\nInterpreting CFD Results
Ventilation Effectiveness and Age of Air
Thermal Comfort <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
297<\/td>\nFigure 17-4 Incorrect Modeling of Supply Momentum
Figure 17-5 Corrected Momentum to Match Diffuser Throw Data
Fume Hood Leakage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
298<\/td>\nRoom Air Currents
Concentration Levels from a Spill or Vapor Release
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
300<\/td>\n18 – Sustainable Design
Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
301<\/td>\nHigh-Performance Building Design Process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
302<\/td>\nComputer Modeling
Energy Modeling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
303<\/td>\nFigure 18-1 Baseline Building Energy Use
Figure 18-2 Proposed Building Energy Use <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
304<\/td>\nFigure 18-3 Energy Consumption Benchmarking (kW\u00b7h\/ft2\/yr)
Exergy Analysis
Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
Building Information Modeling (BIM) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
305<\/td>\nGreen Tips for Laboratories
Minimizing Natural Resources Consumption <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
306<\/td>\nFigure 18-4 Rainwater Recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
307<\/td>\nProtecting the Environment
Energy Efficiency\u2014Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
308<\/td>\nTable 18-1 Effect of Reducing Air Changes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
309<\/td>\nFigure 18-5 Conventional System
Figure 18-6 Modified Conventional System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
310<\/td>\nFigure 18-7 Fan-Coil and Separate General Laboratory Exhaust
Figure 18-8 Active Beams and Separate General Laboratory Exhaust <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
311<\/td>\nTable 18-2 Example of Real Laboratory Building\u2019s Airflow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
312<\/td>\nFigure 18-9 Direct-Drive Coupling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
313<\/td>\nTable 18-3 Summary of Design Practice for Laboratory HVAC Systems
Energy Efficiency\u2014Recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
314<\/td>\nFigure 18-10 Low- Temperature Heating Loop
Energy Efficiency\u2014Source <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
315<\/td>\nFigure 18-11 Direct-Contact Boiler (Natural Gas)
Energy Efficiency\u2014Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
316<\/td>\nOn-Site Energy Production
Ongoing Commissioning
Operation\/Description Manual
Laboratory Sustainability Checklist <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
317<\/td>\nFigure 18-12 Airflow Tracking
Table 18-4 Laboratory Sustainability Checklist <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
321<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
324<\/td>\nIndex <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide: Planning and Operation of Laboratory HVAC Systems, 2nd Ed.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHRAE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2015<\/td>\n330<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":161755,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2719],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-161749","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ashrae","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/161749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/161755"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=161749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=161749"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=161749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}