THE DEFINITIVE COMPANION TO STANDARD 62.1 This companion guide provides detailed information on the requirements of ANSI\/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 and includes tables, illustrations, and examples to aid users in designing, installing, and operating systems for ventilation in buildings.Standard 62.1 User’s Manual does not reproduce the requirements of the standard but rather paraphrases and elaborates upon them. Intended to be used in conjunction with the standard, this manual provides Information on the intent and application of Standard 62.1 Sample calculations and examples Best practices for applying the principles of good indoor air quality (IAQ) and effective ventilation when designing buildings and building systems Useful reference material Guidance for building operation and maintenance personnel Instructions for the user in the application of tools used for compliance with ANSI\/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 Also included is an exclusive link to the newly revised web-based spreadsheets that aid in ventilation rate procedure calculations. This manual is intended for architects, engineers, manufacturers, plan examiners, field inspectors, general and specialty contractors, and operation and maintenance personnel. Standard 62.1 User\u2019s Manual is a crucial supplement for professionals concerned with ventilation and indoor air quality.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4<\/td>\n | Contents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | Figures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | Tables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | Examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | Preface General Information Audience Addenda <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | Official Interpretations ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Organization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | Organization and Use of the User\u2019s Manual Data and Analysis Tools <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | Acknowledgments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 1. Purpose Overview (\u00a71.1) Regulatory Application (\u00a71.2) Existing Buildings (\u00a71.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 2. Scope Spaces Covered (\u00a72.1) Scope of Requirements (\u00a72.2) Industrial Spaces, Laboratories, Healthcare, and Other Spaces (\u00a72.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | No Retroactive Application (\u00a72.4) No Recommended Ventilation Rates for Smoking (\u00a72.5) Basis of Ventilation Requirements (\u00a72.6) Thermal Comfort (\u00a72.7) Sources of Contaminants (\u00a72.8) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | Limitations of the Standard (\u00a72.9) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 3. Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | Abbreviations and Acronyms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 4. Outdoor Air Quality Overview Regional Air Quality (\u00a74.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | Figure 4-A \u2013 Outdoor Air Quality Flow Chart Table 4-A \u2013 NAAQS Table <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | Figure 4-B \u2013 Example of Counties Designated Nonattainment by EPA for One or More NAAQS Pollutants Note that the data on this figure are illustrative since it is frequently updated. It was downloaded on October 17, 2016 from www3.epa.gov\/airquality\/greenbook\/mapnpoll.html. For current information, see www.epa.gov. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | Local Air Quality (\u00a74.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | Figure 4-C \u2013 PM10 Air Monitoring Sampler Photo courtesy Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Figure 4-D \u2013 Denver Air Quality Denver has a history of air quality problems. Because of the local topography and weather patterns, pollution from urban sources is sometimes suspended over the metropolitan area, resulting in a \u201cbrown cloud\u201d over the region. The EPA has classified th… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | Figure 4-E \u2013 Air Monitoring Station Documentation (\u00a74.3) Regional Air Quality Compliance Local Air Quality Survey Information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 5. Systems and Equipment Overview Figure 5-A \u2013 Key to Ventilation System Requirements Ventilation Air Distribution (\u00a75.1) Designing for Air Balancing (\u00a75.1.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | Plenum Systems (\u00a75.1.2) Figure 5-B \u2013 Plan of Correct Plenum System with Direct Ducting This design meets the requirement because balancing dampers may be adjusted to ensure that the proper share of outdoor air is delivered to each fan system. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | Figure 5-C \u2013 Plan of Correct Plenum System with Separate Outdoor Air Inlets In this case, the design meets the requirements because outdoor air is provided separately to each ventilation zone. Figure 5-D \u2013 Plan of Incorrect Plenum System In this case, outdoor air ventilation air is provided to one ventilation zone, but not the other. This could only meet the requirements if it could be shown that sufficient air gets to the remote system, perhaps by mixing between the zones <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | Figure 5-E \u2013 Plan of Correct Plenum System with Discharge Near Terminal Ends Though the ducts are not connected to the terminal units, they discharge near them, with balancing means available to provide correct airflow to each. Documentation (\u00a75.1.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | Exhaust Duct Location (\u00a75.2) Figure 5-F \u2013 Correct Exhaust Duct, Negatively Pressurized The fan is located at the exterior wall which causes the duct to be negatively pressurized. Any leaks in the ductwork will result in flow into the duct from the surrounding space. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | Figure 5-G \u2013 Incorrect Exhaust Duct, Pressurized and Not Seal Class A The portion of the ductwork downstream of the exhaust fan will have positive pressure relative to the surrounding space. Any leaks in the ductwork will result in exhaust air escaping from the system. Figure 5-H \u2013 Correct Exhaust Duct Pressurized duct is only allowed for systems carrying Class 2 air or air from residential kitchen hoods and when it is sealed in accordance with SMACNA Seal Class A. Ventilation System Controls (\u00a75.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Constant-Volume, Single-Zone Systems Variable-Air-Volume System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | Figure 5-I \u2013 Typical Ventilation System Controls Airstream Surfaces (\u00a75.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | Resistance to Mold Growth (\u00a75.4.1) Resistance to Erosion (\u00a75.4.2) Figure 5-J \u2013 Airstream Surfaces Outdoor Air Intakes (\u00a75.5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | Location (\u00a75.5.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | Figure 5-K \u2013 Outdoor Air Intake Locations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | Table 5-A \u2013 Air Intake Minimum Separation Distance This is a reproduction of Table 5.5.1 from ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | Figure 5-L \u2013 \u201cStretched-String\u201d Method Rain Entrainment and Intrusion (\u00a75.5.2 and \u00a75.5.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | Figure 5-M \u2013 Correct Rain Hood Dashed line represents the horizontal plane. Air and water cannot enter without passing upward through the horizontal plane. Figure 5-N \u2013 Incorrect Rain Hood Dashed line represents the horizontal plane. Air and water can enter while traveling downward. Snow Entrainment (\u00a75.5.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | Figure 5-O \u2013 Outdoor Air Intake to Prevent Snow Intrusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | Bird Screens (\u00a75.5.5) Local Capture of Contaminants (\u00a75.6) Combustion Air (\u00a75.7) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | Particulate Matter Removal (\u00a75.8) Dehumidification Systems (\u00a75.9) Relative Humidity (\u00a75.9.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | Exfiltration Through the Building Envelope (\u00a75.9.2) Exception to the exfiltration requirement: <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 54<\/td>\n | Drain Pans (\u00a75.10) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | Drain Pan Slope (\u00a75.10.1) Drain Outlet (\u00a75.10.2) Figure 5-P \u2013 Compliant Drain Pan, End View Figure 5-Q \u2013 Compliant Drain Pan, Plan View Drain Seal (\u00a75.10.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | Pan Size (\u00a75.10.4) Figure 5-R \u2013 Condensate Drain Pan Seal Finned-Tube Coils and Heat Exchangers (\u00a75.11) Drain Pans (\u00a75.11.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | Figure 5-S\u2014Compliant Drain Pan, Side View Finned-Tube Coil Selection for Cleaning (\u00a75.11.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | Figure 5-T \u2013 Finned-Tube Coil Cleanability Table 5-B\u2014 Typical Dry Coil Pressure Drop in Inches of H20 at 500 fpm Humidifiers and Water-Spray Systems (\u00a75.12) Water Quality (\u00a75.12.1) Obstructions (\u00a75.12.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | Figure 5-U \u2013 Humidifier\/Water-Spray System Access for Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance (\u00a75.13) Equipment Clearance (\u00a75.13.1) Ventilation Equipment Access (\u00a75.13.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | Figure 5-V \u2013 Air Distribution System Access Air Distribution System (\u00a75.13.3) Building Envelope and Interior Surfaces (\u00a75.14) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | Building Envelope (\u00a75.14.1) Weather Barrier Vapor Retarder <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | Caulking and Sealing Soil Gases Condensation on Interior Surfaces (\u00a75.14.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | Buildings with Attached Parking Garages (\u00a75.15) Air Classification and Recirculation (\u00a75.16) Classification (\u00a75.16.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | Redesignation (\u00a75.16.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | Figure 5-W \u2013 Recirculation Restrictions for Classified Air Arrows show allowed recirculation or transfer paths. All other pathways are prohibited. Recirculation Limitations (\u00a75.16.3) Documentation (\u00a75.16.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | ETS Areas and ETS-Free Areas (\u00a75.17) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | Figure 5-X \u2013 Summary of ETS Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 68<\/td>\n | Classification (\u00a75.17.1) Engineering Analysis Pressure Differential Measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 69<\/td>\n | Airflow Measurement Figure 5-Y \u2013 ETS Exception for Dwelling Units Pressure Exception for Dwelling Units and Adjacent Properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 71<\/td>\n | Pressure Exception for Hazardous Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 74<\/td>\n | Physical Separation (\u00a75.17.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 75<\/td>\n | Transfer Air (\u00a75.17.4) Recirculation (\u00a75.17.5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 76<\/td>\n | Exhaust Systems (\u00a75.17.6) Signage (\u00a75.17.7) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 77<\/td>\n | Figure 5-Z \u2013 ETS Signage Requirements Reclassification (\u00a75.17.8) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 78<\/td>\n | 6. Procedures General (\u00a76.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 79<\/td>\n | Ventilation Rate Procedure (\u00a76.2) Rationale for Ventilation Rate Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 80<\/td>\n | Two Component Approach and Additivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 81<\/td>\n | Determining Component Ventilation Rates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 84<\/td>\n | Table 6-A \u2013 Ra and Rp Values by Occupancy Type <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 85<\/td>\n | Ventilation Efficiency Figure 6-A \u2013 Breathing Zone <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 87<\/td>\n | Figure 6-B \u2013 Ventilation Rate Procedure Flow Chart <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 88<\/td>\n | VRP Summary Outdoor Air Treatment (\u00a76.2.1) Particulate Matter (\u00a76.2.1.1 and \u00a76.2.1.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 89<\/td>\n | Ozone (\u00a76.2.1.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 91<\/td>\n | Other Outdoor Contaminants (\u00a76.2.1.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 92<\/td>\n | Zone Calculations (\u00a76.2.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 93<\/td>\n | Determine Occupant and Building Rate Requirements, Rp and Ra (\u00a76.2.2.1) Estimate the Number of Occupants in the Zone, Pz (\u00a76.2.2.1.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 94<\/td>\n | Calculate the Net Occupiable Floor Area, Az Calculate the Outdoor Air Required in the Breathing Zone, Vbz <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 95<\/td>\n | Table 6-B \u2013 Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 97<\/td>\n | Determine the Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness, Ez (\u00a76.2.2.2) Calculate the Minimum Zone Outdoor Air Rate Required at the Supply Air Outlets, Voz (\u00a76.2.2.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 99<\/td>\n | System Calculations Single-Zone Systems (\u00a76.2.3) 100% Outdoor Air Systems (\u00a76.2.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 100<\/td>\n | Multiple-Zone Recirculating Systems (\u00a76.2.5) Determine System Ventilation Efficiency, Ev (\u00a76.2.5.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 102<\/td>\n | Figure 6-C \u2013 System with Multiple Recirculation Paths <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 103<\/td>\n | Determine the Occupant Diversity (D) (\u00a76.2.5.3.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 104<\/td>\n | Calculate the Uncorrected Outdoor Air Rate (Vou) (\u00a76.2.5.3) Calculate System Outdoor Air Rate (Vot) (\u00a76.2.5.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 116<\/td>\n | Designing for Varying Operating Conditions (\u00a76.2.6) Variable Load Conditions (\u00a76.2.6.1) Time Averaging (\u00a76.2.6.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 118<\/td>\n | Table 6-C \u2013 Typical Averaging Times <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 122<\/td>\n | Dynamic Reset (\u00a76.2.7) Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) (\u00a76.2.7.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 123<\/td>\n | Ventilation Efficiency (\u00a76.2.7.2) Outdoor Air Fraction (\u00a76.2.7.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 124<\/td>\n | Indoor Air Quality Procedure (\u00a76.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 125<\/td>\n | Compliance Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 126<\/td>\n | Figure 6-D \u2013 IAQ Procedure Flow Chart <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 127<\/td>\n | Contaminant Sources (\u00a76.3.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 129<\/td>\n | Contaminant Concentration (\u00a76.3.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 130<\/td>\n | Perceived Indoor Air Quality (\u00a76.3.3) Design Approach (\u00a76.3.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 131<\/td>\n | Combination of IAQP with the VRP (\u00a76.3.5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 132<\/td>\n | Documentation (\u00a76.3.6) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 135<\/td>\n | Natural Ventilation Procedure (\u00a76.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 136<\/td>\n | Prescriptive Requirements (\u00a76.4.1, \u00a76.4.2, and \u00a76.4.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 137<\/td>\n | Exception to Prescriptive Requirements (Exception a to \u00a76.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 141<\/td>\n | Exhaust Ventilation (\u00a76.5) Prescriptive Compliance Path (\u00a76.5.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 142<\/td>\n | Performance Compliance Path (\u00a76.5.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 144<\/td>\n | Design Documentation Procedures (\u00a76.6) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 145<\/td>\n | 7. Construction and System Start-Up General Construction Phase (\u00a77.1) Filters (\u00a77.1.2) Protection of Materials (\u00a77.1.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 146<\/td>\n | Protection of Occupied Areas (\u00a77.1.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 147<\/td>\n | Air Duct System Construction (\u00a77.1.5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 149<\/td>\n | System Start-Up Phase (\u00a77.2) Application (\u00a77.2.1) New Air Handler Limited Alterations Air Balancing (\u00a77.2.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 150<\/td>\n | Testing of Drain Pans (\u00a77.2.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 151<\/td>\n | Cleanliness (\u00a77.2.4) Testing of Outdoor Air Dampers (\u00a77.2.5) System Documentation (\u00a77.2.6) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 152<\/td>\n | Table 7-A \u2013 Required Documents Compared to Common Contract Closeout Practice Comments Additional ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Requirements Common Practice for Contract Closeout* This may require the designer to prepare the system operating procedures. Not merely equipment submittals, but actual operating and maintenance procedure manuals or instructions must be included, not just for individual components, but for the system as a whole. Basic data relating to the operation and maintenance of ventilation systems and equipment as installed The controls vendor and\/or designer might provide the maintenance or calibration information. Controls maintenance and\/or calibration information HVAC controls information consisting of diagrams, schematics and control sequence narratives A standard complete report will document much more than required. None An air balance report documenting the work performed for \u00a77.2.2 Control drawings are required. These may be included in the diagrams listed above. Construction drawings of record and final design drawings This will likely require that the designer document assumptions in a form that can be easily transferred. Design criteria and assumptions for the ventilation design\u2014in order to be useful, this would normally include all the calculations required by \u00a76.2 if the ventilation rate procedure is used. If the design is based on the IAQ Procedure (\u00a76.3), then additional assumptions related to contaminant sources and concentrations must be included. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 153<\/td>\n | 8. Operation and Maintenance General (\u00a78.1) Application (\u00a78.1.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 154<\/td>\n | Building Alterations or Change of Use (\u00a78.1.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 155<\/td>\n | Operation and Maintenance Manual (\u00a78.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 156<\/td>\n | Ventilation System Operation (\u00a78.3) Ventilation System Maintenance (\u00a78.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 157<\/td>\n | Water Intrusion (Table 8.2, item a) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 159<\/td>\n | A. Appendix Dynamic Ventilation Reset Control Overview Demand-Controlled Ventilation (DCV) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 160<\/td>\n | Fundamentals of CO2-Based DCV Figure A-A \u2013 Single-Zone CO2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 162<\/td>\n | Table A-A \u2013 Typical Met Levels for Various Activities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 163<\/td>\n | Table A-B \u2013 Steady State CO2 Concentrations at 400 ppm Ambient Steady-State Assumption <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 164<\/td>\n | Control of Single-Zone Systems with Airflow Measurement Breathing Zone Parameters, Rp, Pz, Ra, Az Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness, Ez Activity Level Indoor Concentration Outdoor CO2 Concentration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 165<\/td>\n | Single-Zone DCV Control Sequence Control of Constant-Volume Systems without Airflow Measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 167<\/td>\n | Figure A-B \u2013 CO2 DCV for Packaged Air-Conditioning Unit Control of Multiple-Zone Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 168<\/td>\n | CO2-based Dynamic Reset (CO2-based DR) Control Sequence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 170<\/td>\n | Outdoor Air Fraction\/Ventilation Efficiency-Based Dynamic Reset <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 171<\/td>\n | Zone Controls Air Handler Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 172<\/td>\n | Index <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ASHRAE Standard 62.1 User’s Manual: Based on Standard 62.1-2016, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (ANSI Approved)<\/b><\/p>\n |