{"id":424883,"date":"2024-10-20T06:53:54","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T06:53:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-iec-tr-620482014-2\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T12:59:07","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T12:59:07","slug":"bsi-pd-iec-tr-620482014-2","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-iec-tr-620482014-2\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD IEC\/TR 62048:2014"},"content":{"rendered":"

This technical r eport is a guideline that gives formulae to estimate the reliability of fibre under a constant service stress based on a power law for crack growth.<\/p>\n

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NOTE Power law is derived empirically, but there are other laws which have a more physical basis (for example, the exponential law). All these laws generally fit short -term experimental data well but lead to different long -term predictions. The power law has been selected as a most reasonable representation of fatigue behaviour by the experts of several standard-formulating bodies.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Symbols
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n4 General approach
5 Formula types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n6 Measuring parameters for fibre reliability
6.1 Overview
6.2 Length and equivalent length <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n6.3 Reliability parameters
6.3.1 Overview
6.3.2 Proof-testing
6.3.3 Static fatigue <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n6.3.4 Dynamic fatigue
6.4 Parameters for the low-strength region
6.4.1 Overview
6.4.2 Variable proof test stress <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n6.4.3 Dynamic fatigue <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\nFigures
Figure 1 \u2013 Weibull dynamic fatigue plot near the proof test stress level <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n6.5 Measured numerical values
7 Examples of numerical calculations
7.1 Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n7.2 Failure rate calculations
7.2.1 FIT rate formulae
7.2.2 Long lengths in tension <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nFigure 2 \u2013 Instantaneous FIT rates of 1 km fibre versus time for applied stress\/proof test stress percentages (bottom to top): 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %
Figure 3 \u2013 Averaged FIT rates of 1 km fibre versus time for applied stress\/proof test stress percentages (bottom to top): 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 % <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n7.2.3 Short lengths in uniform bending
Table 2 \u2013FIT rates of 1 km fibre in Figures 2 and 3 at various times <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\nFigure 4 \u2013 Instantaneous FIT rates of bent fibre with 1 m effective length versus time
Figure 5 \u2013 Averaged FIT rates of bent fibre with 1 m effective length versus time for bend diameters (top to bottom): 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n7.3 Lifetime calculations
7.3.1 Lifetime formulae
7.3.2 Long lengths in tension
Table 3 \u2013 FIT rates of 1 metre effective length bent fibre in Figures 4 and 5 at various times
Table 4 \u2013 FIT rates of Table 3 neglecting stress versus strain non-linearity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n7.3.3 Short lengths in uniform bending
Figure 6 \u2013 1 km lifetime versus failure probability for applied stress\/proof test stress percentages (top to bottom): 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %
Table 5 \u2013 1 km lifetimes in years of Figure 6 for various failure probabilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\nFigure 7 \u2013 Lifetimes of bent fibre with 1 m effective length versus failure probability for bend diameters (bottom-right to top-left): 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm
Table 6 \u2013 Lifetimes of bent fibre with 1 m effective length in years of Figure 7 for various failure probabilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n7.3.4 Short lengths with uniform bending and tension
Table 7 \u2013 Lifetimes in years of Table 6 neglecting stress versus strain non-linearity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n8 Fibre weakening and failure
8.1 Crack growth and weakening
Table 8 \u2013 Calculated results in case of bend plus 30 % of proof test tension for 30 years <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n8.2 Crack fracture <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n8.3 Features of the general results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n8.4 Stress and strain
9 Fatigue testing
9.1 Overview
9.2 Static fatigue <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nFigure 8 \u2013 Static fatigue \u2013 Applied stress versus time for a particular applied stress <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n9.3 Dynamic fatigue
9.3.1 Overview
9.3.2 Fatigue to breakage
Figure 9 \u2013 Static fatigue \u2013 Schematic data of failure time versus applied stress
Figure 10 \u2013 Dynamic fatigue \u2013 Applied stress versus time for a particular applied stress rate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n9.3.3 Fatigue to a maximum stress
9.4 Comparisons of static and dynamic fatigue
9.4.1 Intercepts and parameters obtained
9.4.2 Time duration
Figure 11 \u2013 Dynamic fatigue \u2013 Schematic data of failure time versus applied stress rate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n9.4.3 Dynamic and inert strengths <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n9.4.4 Plot non-linearities
9.4.5 Environments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n10 Proof-testing
10.1 Overview
10.2 The proof test cycle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n10.3 Crack weakening during proof-testing
Figure 12 \u2013 Proof-testing \u2013 Applied stress versus time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n10.4 Minimum strength after proof-testing
10.4.1 Overview
10.4.2 Fast unloading <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n10.4.3 Slow unloading <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n10.4.4 Boundary condition
10.5 Varying the proof test stress
11 Statistical description of strength by Weibull probability models
11.1 Overview
11.2 Strength statistics in uniform tension
11.2.1 Unimodal probability distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n11.2.2 Bimodal probability distribution
11.3 Strength statistics in other geometries
11.3.1 Stress non-uniformity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n11.3.2 Uniform bending <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n11.3.3 Two-point bending
11.4 Weibull analysis for static fatigue before proof-testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n11.5 Weibull analysis for dynamic fatigue before proof-testing
Figure 13 \u2013 Static fatigue schematic Weibull plot <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nFigure 14 \u2013 Dynamic fatigue schematic Weibull plot <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n11.6 Weibull distribution after proof-testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n11.7 Weibull analysis for static fatigue after proof-testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n11.8 Weibull analysis for dynamic fatigue after proof-testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n12 Reliability prediction
12.1 Reliability under general stress and constant stress <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n12.2 Lifetime and failure rate from fatigue testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n12.3 Certain survivability after proof-testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\n12.4 Failures in time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n13 B-value \u2013 Elimination from formulae, and measurements
13.1 Overview
13.2 Approximate Weibull distribution after proof-testing
13.2.1 Overview
13.2.2 “Risky region” during proof-testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n13.2.3 Other approximations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n13.3 Approximate lifetime and failure rate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n13.4 Estimation of the B-value
13.4.1 Overview
13.4.2 Fatigue intercepts
13.4.3 Dynamic fatigue failure stress
13.4.4 Obtaining the strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n13.4.5 Stress pulse measurement
13.4.6 Flaw growth measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Statistical strength degradation map
Figure A.1 \u2013 Schematic diagram of the statistical strength degradation map <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Optical fibres. Reliability. Power law theory<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":424887,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[649,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-424883","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-33-180-10","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/424883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/424887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=424883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=424883"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=424883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}